Wikchamni Dictionary

Wikchamni

Č - č

čalolwitši v. got white.

čan n-proper. John.

čaʔaʔpa n. some. čaʔaʔpa ha·ŋi tʰaw wita·ŋitʰ Some will be told to do anything. underlying form: #čuʔup -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

čoʔpat n. divide. underlying form: #ču·ʔup -at. Morph: durative present.

čuʔupanʼa n. half. yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa čuʔupanʼa ʔupʰiš Or if theirs is half a month. yow nahni čuʔupanʼa nahni ʔam waʔa tʰaŋ čʼo·wʼotʰo or sometimes a half row or sometimes I don't work on it long. kʰayʼiw xuyiwši ʔamaʔ xa·xiy ʔam tʰihinʼ ʔinišiyin xo·ʔoxiʔ to·yatiy tʰihinʼ tiŋta min hin čuʔupanʼa tiŋit kʼaṭʰutʰa Coyote returned and said they are not doing well, why are they are eating your dirt, half of the dirt is gone. underlying form: #čuʔup -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun nominative case.

č'awet n. stick rattle.

čʰa prt. soon. čʰa naʔ tuyo·na I will eat soon.

čʰakiš n. straw grass. Variant: čʼakiš.

čʰakʰutu n. Meadowlark (Western). Sturnella neglecta. Variant: čʼakʼutuʔ.

čʰakʰwikkuʔ n. teal duck. Note: picture from becuo.com

čʰalolwit v. get white! underlying form: čʰalolwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

čʰalolwiti/ v-theme. to get white. imperative: čʰalolwit. aorist: čʰalolwitši. future: čʰalolwite·na. neutral verbal noun: čʰalolwitšiw. neutral verbal noun: čʰalolwitaw.

čʰan prt. soon, only. čʰan naʔ ʔɨtʰɨt Soon I will be hungry.

čʰanum adv. soon, immediately. he·či čʰanum right now. Note: Related langauge Yawelmani canum

čʰanʼiʔ prt. only, soon. ʔam nihiʔ ha·ʔa čʼo·wʼot ʔamaʔ čʰanʼiʔ tuyo·na I am not going to do anything and will only eat. ʔe·pʰin nihiʔ ʔamaʔ čʰanʼiʔ I am just going to swim. čʰanʼiʔ tʰišamyiw It will be spring soon.

čʰasipʰ n. bow. Variant: čʰa·šipʰ.

čʰaškʰakʰna n. cedar waxwing.

čʰatana v. to break.

čʰawayšiw n. trail.

čʰawpʰaw prt. continuously, many, several, often. čʰawpʰaw kʰa·mʼakʰimʼ dancing continuously. čʰawpʰaw maʔ pe·yapiy Do you finish often? ho·wiʔ mine·ṭʼit witʰiphat nahni yetʼ pʼaʔanʼa poŋoy pʼaʔanʼa yow nahni čʰawpʰaw yitʼšiŋta ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ tuytaŋiṭʰ ʔanikʼ tʰaw witʔin hiyam to·yatiy ʔamaʔ hetʰtʰa yow mine·ṭʼit Yes, they nurse their babies sometimes one year, two years, or sometimes continuously for five years they feed them even if the are already eating they still nurse them.

čʰaʔan prt. soon.

čʰa·šipʰ n. bow. Variant: čʰasipʰ.

čʰa·xiš n. willow (button).

čʰa·yʼiʔ n. down (feather). Note: Related language Yawelmani ṭʰa·yʼiʔ

čʰeheṭʰ n. louse. Variant: ṭʰe·heṭʰ.

čʰetčʰat v. blowing. čʼitasšaʔ čʰetčʰat The wind is blowing.

čʰewčʰiw n. chickens. Variant: čʰewʼčʰiwʼ.

čʰewʼčʰiwʼ n. chicks. Variant: čʰewčʰiw.

čʰe·šačʰiš v. cuts, is cutting. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ nahni čʰe·šačʰiš Sometimes he cuts it. underlying form: #čʰiši -0. Morph: durative present.

čʰe·tuŋʔot n. bridge. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼe·la·lun Yawelmani cʼe·lalun (JPH)

čʰənis v. sweep. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼenšitʰ (NAS)

čʰə·šaš n. dog. nim čʰə·šaš my dog. underlying form: čʰə·šaš/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʰə·šaš/ n-theme. dog. nominative: čʼʰə·šaš. locative: čʰə·šašiw. genitive: čʰə·šašin. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʰe·xaʔ (NAS) Variant: čʼə·šašiw.

čʰə·šašin n. dog's. hiya·mʼu mayʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ ʔanikʼ nay čʰə·šašin Long ago people had hands like dogs'. underlying form: čʰə·šaš/ -n. Morph: genitive case.

čʰə·šašiw n. (at the, on the) dog, placename--near Terminus. Note: Dog place is place near Terminus that was scary because doctors stored their sacred belongings there and protected them with spells that could make you sick. Disc: Listen to Cecile's account of this scary place: 0. čʰə·šašiw 1. hiyamʼu pʼaxintʰay tʰaw ṭʰaʔaṭʰi 2. ʔaŋṭʰaw hintʰaw ʔotʼoy ʔanikʼ mononhay xoʔo·xiʔ pʰata·wʼiw 3. ʔamaʔ hawtaw watʰtʰaw tʰanaʔat tʰaŋ ŋeʔwaw 4. ʔamaʔ čʰə·šaš tʰašti poyʼumʼhay kəwtat čaʔaʔpa tʰaŋ to·xoxintʰa 5. yow čaʔaʔpa ʔam tušaʔa tʰaŋ čʼaʔapa ʔam tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʼaxa·nat 6. ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰaw watxutʰa tʰoyonʼow yow we·ʔi ŋeʔwaw ṭʰipʰin ʔan tomtʰow 7. ʔamaʔ tʰašti hiṭʼwa·yoʔ yawa·tit tʰaw tʰihinʼ ʔam to·čoxin 8. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔanikʼ xew pʰitaw ŋattʰaw haynat 9. ʔamaʔ yičʼŋa watxutʰa tʰa ʔanikʼ pʼaxin ʔamaʔ ʔam tʰašti ṭʰukʰo·ʔat 10. yow hičʰa tʰihinʼ to·čoxintʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti čʰɨxa·čʰantʰa 11. ʔamaʔ xoʔ ʔanikʼ tʰaw ʔaŋṭʰawhin mononhay ṭʼiʔiw hantʰaw 12. yow tʰaw xo·ʔoxiʔ mayʼ ʔanikʼ toʔoṭʼa ʔanikʼ ʔotʼoy 13. yow ʔanikʼ čʰɨxčʰɨn tʰaw xo·ʔoxiʔ kʼumuy hantʰaw ʔam tʰaŋ hunʼayʼmayʼ ʔɨkʼa·ʔat 14. ʔamaʔ čʰan ʔaŋṭʰawhin tʰa čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ 0. Dog place 1. Long ago the people there were scared. 2. The doctors around there put their belongings in the cave. 3. And when whoever goes by it in the evening, 4. Than all the pretty dogs meet them -- some of them get scared. 5. And some do not -- they were told about it by some others and the are not scared by it. 6. And when they pass by there above its hill at night or sometimes in the evening, 7. Then the evil spirit follows them if they don't get scared. 8. Then they jump off tho the side of their road. 9. And their fear passes by them alone and it doesn't catch them. 10. Or if they get scared then it makes them sick. 11. And that is where the doctorsʼ belongings and whatever else is. 12. And that is where they put their human heads. 13. And their sickness is there also, all those things a common person can not see. 14. It is just the doctors' working things. underlying form: čʰə·šaš/ -w. Morph: locative case.

čʰə·xačʰin v. getting sick. ʔə·kʼašiw nim bab naʔ čʰə·xačʰin When I saw Bob, I was getting sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -0. Morph: durative present.

čʰə·xačʰnaš v. was sick. čʰə·xačʰnaš naʔ yuʔut Perhaps I was sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -aš. Morph: durative present.

čʰə·xɨčʰin n. sick. hawtaw tʰihinʼ yow čʰə·xɨčʰin When they are sick again. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -0. Morph: durative present.

čʰikʰe·nat v. love. Note: Likely a diminutive form of #ṭʼikʼi 'tie'

-čʰin afx. desiderative. Variant: -hačʰin; -hčʰin.

čʰipʰušu n. ancestors.

čʰiš v. cut! underlying form: #čʰiši -0. Morph: imperative.

čʰiša n. a cut. underlying form: #čʰiši -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʰiše·na v. will cut. čʰiše·na nihiʔ I will cut it. underlying form: #čʰiši -i·na. Morph: future tense. Phon: voiceless final vowel [ḁ]

čʰišhačʰinat v. want to cut. underlying form: #čʰiši -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

čʰišši v. cut. čʰišši naʔ tʰaŋ I cut it. underlying form: #čʰiši -ši. Morph: aorist tense.

čʰitapʰ n. quick. pučʼičʼ ʔamaʔ čʰitapʰ ʔan tawitʰ pʰatuwunšu yakʰawaw Small and quick he ran into the rock. Note: Related language Yawelmani cilap

čʰitatʰ n. clover. Variant: čʼitʼatʼ.

čʰitetʰši v. pulled, pulled hair. čʰitetʰši naʔ tʰaŋ I pulled it. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼo·tutʰ 'pull hair"

čʰitʰikʰ n. tall milkweed, tall milkweed used for string.

čʰiwʼanʼa v. to dance.

čʰiwʼatʰo n. goats. Note: related language Chukchansi či·wuʔ (NAS)

čʰiymeʔ n. partner.

čʰɨpʰačʰinat v. want to tear. underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

čʰɨpʰa·ʔat v. tearing. underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

čʰɨpʰɨn v. will tear. underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -in. Morph: future.

čʰɨpʰɨnšɨ v. was torn by ... underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

čʰɨpʰšɨ v. tore. underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -ši. Morph: aorist.

čʰɨpʰta v. made to tear. underlying form: #čʰə·pʰɨ -ta. Morph: causative.

čʰɨxačʰničʼa n. sick ones. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ yow taŋyiyin ʔɨkʼa·ʔat čʰɨxačʰničʼa And the ones who get dizzy also see those who are sick.

čʰɨxa·čʰanti v. will cause x to get sick. ʔam mam hiʔ čʰɨxa·čʰanti It won't make you sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -ta -0. Morph: causative future.

čʰɨxa·čʰantit v. is causing to get sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -ta -it. Morph: causative durative present.

čʰɨxa·čʰantitʰin v. will cause x to be sick. ʔamaʔ ho·tihit tʰihinʼ ʔam ʔinišat wite·pa čʰɨxa·čʰantitʰin And they know that it won't be good, it will make the baby sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -ta -tʰin. Morph: causative future.

čʰɨxa·čʰantʰa v. making x sick. yow hičʰa tʰihinʼ to·čoxintʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti čʰɨxa·čʰantʰa Or if they get scared then it makes them sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰɨn/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʰɨxa·čʰatʰa v. is ill. toʔoṭʼ nim čʰɨxa·čʰatʰa I have a headache. Lit: My head is ill. underlying form: #čʰɨxičʰ -tʰa. Morph: durative present. See: pʰuwapʰwat.

čʰɨxa·čʰin v. will make sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -a -in. Morph: causative future.

čʰɨxa·čʰinši v. caused x to get sick. čʰɨxa·čʰinši naʔ tʰaŋ I made him sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -i -ši. Morph: causative aorist.

čʰɨxčʰaniyin n. sick ones. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

čʰɨxčʰin v. will get sick. čʰɨxčʰin nihiʔ I'll get sick. ʔə·kʼašiw nim bab naʔ čʰə·xačʰin When I see Bob, I'll be sick. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰɨn/. Morph: future.

čʰɨxčʰin n. sickness. yow ʔanikʼ čʰɨxčʰɨn tʰaw xo·ʔoxiʔ kʼumuy hantʰaw ʔam tʰaŋ hunʼayʼmayʼ ʔɨkʼa·ʔat And their sickness is there also, all those things a common person can not see. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʰɨxčʰin/ v-theme. get sick. durative aorist: čʰə·xačʰnaš. future: čʰɨxčʰin. passive gerundial: cʰɨxčʰɨnšɨ. durative present: čʰə·xɨčʰin. neutral verbal noun: čʰɨxčʰin/. causative: čʰɨxa·čʰanʼši. causative: čʰɨxa·čʰin. causative: čʰɨxa·čʰantit. causative: čʰɨxa·čʰanti. causative: čʰɨxa·čʰantʰa. neutral agentive: čʰɨxačʰničʼa. underlying form: #čʰɨxičʰ -in. Morph: medio passive. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰixtʰinitʰ 'sick'

čʰɨxčʰɨnšɨ v. got sick. pʼinʼtʰin čʰɨxčʰɨnšɨ It got sick when it got stung. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -šiw. Morph: passive gerundial.

čʰɨxɨčʰin n. sickness. ʔukonŋiṭʰ taʔatat hawtaw čʰɨxɨčʰin After being drunk and getting well some {will see} sickness. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰɨčʰin/ -0. Morph: accusative case.

čʰɨxɨčʰin/ n-theme. sickness, sick one. nominative: čʰɨxčʰin. accusative: čʰɨxičʰina. accusative: čʰɨxɨčʰin. intensive possessor: čʰɨxačʰaniyin. Note: Related language Yawelmani tixit 'painful, sick, ill'

čʰɨxɨčʰina n. sickness. underlying form: čʰɨxčʰin/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʰɨxɨčʰna n. sickness. ʔamaʔ ʔan witʰe·pa wakʼyat čʰɨxɨčʰna Then their baby doesn't get sick. underlying form: #čɨxɨčʰ -na. Morph: acquisitive.

čʰokʰšu v. went out. underlying form: #čʰo·ko -šu. Morph: aorist.

čʰololwitaw n. at getting white. čʰololwitaw ʔan When it's white. underlying form: čʰololwiti/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

čʰololwite·na v. will get white. čʰan hiʔ čʰololwite·na It's going to get white. Phon: [čʰololwite·nḁ] underlying form: čʰololwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

čʰololwiti/ v-theme. get white. aorist: čʰololwitši. future: čʰololwite·na. non-directive gerundial: čʰololwitšiw. locative: čʰololwitaw. Note: See čʰotot/ 'white'

čʰololwitši v. getting white. hiyam čʰololwitši It's already getting white. underlying form: čʰololwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

čʰololwitšiw v. when it's whiter. xununnay ʔan čʰan čʰolowitšiw When it gets whiter. underlying form: čʰololwiti/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

čʰotot n. white. čʰotot ho·pʰut white roots. underlying form: čʰotot/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʰotot/ n-theme. white. nominative: čʰotot. causative inchoative: čʰototya·tʰa. Pl: čʰo·tititʰ. non-directive gerundial: čʰoto·tašiw.

čʰototya·tʰa v. make white. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šipešpat čʰototya·tʰa And they scrape it making it white. underlying form: čʰotot/ -ya -tʰa. Morph: causative-inchoative durative present.

čʰoto·tašiw v. it's getting white. čʰoto·tašiw ʔan It's going to get white. underlying form: čʰotot/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

čʰowuṭʰ n. Cascaeria tree, buckthorn. Rhamnus purshiana. Note: the bark was made into a drink and used as a laxative

čʰox n. skunk. underlying form: čʰox/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʰox/ n-theme. skunk. nominative: čʰox. genitive: čʰo·xin. Pl: čʰoxotʰhay. Note: Related language Yawelmani cox Chukchansi soxʷ Chukchansi sox (NAS)

čʰoxočʰ n. soapweed plant, squirrel soap. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ṭʰoxoṭʰ Chukchansi soxis

čʰoxotʰhay n. skunks. underlying form: čʰox/ -t -hay. Morph: plural.

čʰoytʼas n. star, star pattern in baskets. Note: image from Gamble Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼaytas, Chukchansi čʼaytʼaš Variant: čʼoytʰas.

čʰo·ŋačʰiŋ v. quitting. hawtaw kʼišyʼin čʰo·ŋačʰiŋ ʔan ʔitwʼa When redbuds have finished their flowering. hawtaw tʰihinʼ čʰo·ŋačʰiŋ ʔanikʼ ʔupʰišnaŋṭʰi When they quit their menstrual period. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -0. Morph: durative present.

čʰo·pʰun v. believe. underlying form: #ču·pʰun -0. Morph: future.

čʰo·tititʰ n. white ones. underlying form: čʰotot/ -t. Morph: plural.

čʰo·wʼo v. work. Variant: čʼo·wʼo.

čʰo·xin n. skunk's. underlying form: čʰox/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

čʰučʰankʰin n. Chuchankin.

čʰukʰčʰansi n. name of tribe (Chukchansi). Morph: nominative case.

čʰumon n. in.

čʰuŋ v. quit! underlying form: #čʰuŋu -0. Morph: imperative.

čʰuŋiš n. apron, breech cloth. ʔamaʔ ʔan yow čʰuŋiš ʔotʼoywišat tʰa·ŋi And he also has his apron on with it. Variant: čʼuŋiš. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼonis

čʰuŋowšit n. rattles from rattlesnake.

čʰuŋo·huy n. quitter. ʔamaʔ čʰuŋo·huy ʔan ʔɨtkʰa ʔɨtkʰat teyaw ʔopʰotiyin tʰašikʼ tʰaʔan čʰuŋo·tat And they finish singing their last song before the sun comes up. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ pučʼo·ŋa ʔan hantʰaw hičʰa čʰuŋo·huy tʰaŋ tomtʰow tʰan And he says to his son "quit going over the hill". underlying form: #čuŋu -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

čʰuŋo·na v. will quit. čʰuŋo·na nihiʔ I will quit. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -o·na. Morph: future.

čʰuŋo·tat v. making x quit. ʔamaʔ čʰuŋo·huy ʔan ʔitkʰa ʔɨtkʰat teyaw ʔopʰotiyin tʰašikʼ tʰaʔan čʰuŋo·tat And they finish singing their last song before the sun comes up. underlying form: čʰuŋta/ -at. Morph: durative present.

čʰuŋšu v. quit. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -šu. Morph: aorist.

čʰuŋta v. make x quit. čʰuŋta tʰaŋ Make him quit! underlying form: čʰuŋu/ -ta. Morph: causative.

čʰuŋta/ v-theme. make x quit. imperative: čʰuŋta. durative present: čʰuŋo·tat. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -ta. Morph: causative.

čʰuŋuyʔat v. was quitting. čʰuŋuyʔat tʰa·ši I was quitting. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -ya -ʔat. Morph: causative inchoative durative present.

čʰuŋuyʔiš v. quit. čʰuŋuyʔaš naʔ nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I quit working. underlying form: #čʰuŋu -ya -ʔiš. Morph: causative inchoative durative aorist.

čʰupʰo·nat v. believe. ʔamaʔ čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ pʰisa·ʔat yow čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ ʔam čʰupo·nat haʔa And some are at first told to doctor but some do not believe anything at first. underlying form: #čʰu·pun -at. Morph: durative present.

čʰuto·tiš v. turning white.

čʰuwʼatʰa n. wet. See: #ṭʼɨwɨ.

čʰux v. step over.

čʰuxčʰuxic n. club (playing card). Note: Consultant states its like čʰux 'to step over'

čʰuyʼnʼamni n. tribe name. Morph: nominative case. Note: consultant states they were mixed with the Wikchamni as one large tribe

-čʼ afx. neutral agentive. Morph: neutral agentive.

čʼakiš n. straw grass. underlying form: čʼakiš/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼakiš/ n. straw grass, wire grass, deergrass, basket filler. nominative: čʼakiš. accusative: čʼakši. accusative: čʼakša. intensive possessor: čʼakšiyin. Muhlenburgia rigens (aka Epicampes rigens). strawgrass plant and strawgrass bundle. Note: strawgrass plant picture from briweldon, strawgrass bundle picure from Gamble Note: Once harvested, the strawgrass is made into a bundle to be prepared for basket making. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼakas Variant: čʰakiš.

čʼakša n. straw grass. underlying form: čʼakiš/ -a. Morph: accusative case. Variant: čʼakši.

čʼakši n. straw grass. nay maʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ miṭʰe·ʔat teyaw min ʔotʼoy čʼakša like when you make it bigger before you put your straw grass in. underlying form: čʼakiš/ -i. Morph: accusative case. Variant: čʼakša.

čʼakšiyin n. lots of straw. ʔamaʔ maʔ ho·p̣utŋu tʰaŋ čʼakšiyin And you use the root as straw grass. underlying form: čʼakiš/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

čʼakʔoʔišaʔ n. wasp.

čʼakʼ n. blackbird. Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼakʼ Chukchansi čʼaxlalʼ

čʼakʼutuʔ n. meadowlark. Variant: čʰakʰutu.

čʼamna/ v. start. aorist: čʼamnaš. future: čʼamnat. predicated gerundial: čʼamnaŋiṭʰ. durative present: čʼamna·tʰa.

čʼamnaŋiṭʰ v. starting. underlying form: čʼamna/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

čʼamnaš v. started. underlying form: čʼamna/ -š. Morph: aorist.

čʼamnat v. will start. underlying form: čʼamna/ -t. Morph: future.

čʼamna·tʰa n. starting, basket start. Note: image from Gamble Note: bone awl and basket start underlying form: čʼamna/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʼamut n. plant species. used for medicine and beverage like ma·ṭʰuŋi.

čʼamʼa·ʔačʼ v. squeezer. underlying form: #čʼamʼa -ʔačʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case. Note: given also for squeezing

čʼamʼši v. squeezed. underlying form: #čʼamʼa -ši. Morph: aorist.

čʼamʼuš n. beard. See: ʒamʼoš. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ta·mʼuṭʰ Chukchansi ta·mʼu s

čʼane·kas n. grasshopper. Variant: čʰanekʰaš. Note: picture by idtools.org Oedaleonotus enigma. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼa·nʼu·wʼaṣ

čʼapix n. bird nest. underlying form: čʼapix/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼapix/ n. bird nest. nominative: čʼapix. accusative: čʼapxa. dative: čʼapxaŋ. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼapix

čʼapxa n. bird nest. ʔuša·ʔat ʔan čʼapxa stealing her nest. underlying form: čʼapix/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʼapxaŋ n. bird nest. underlying form: čʼapix/ -ŋ. Morph: dative case.

čʼapʰoy n. digging stick. underlying form: čʼapʰoy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼapʰoy/ n-theme. digging stick. nominative: čʼapʰoy. Pl: čʼapʰoyhat.

čʼapʰoyhat n. digging sticks. underlying form: čʰapʰoy/ -hat. Morph: plural.

čʼatikʼ v. bend! ʔamaʔ čʼatikʼ tʼoyŋow And bend them in the middle! underlying form: #čʼatikʼ -0. Morph: imperative.

čʼatkʼin v. turn into. underlying form: #čʼatikʼ -in. Morph: medio-passive.

čʼatkʼinši v. tipped over. underlying form: #čʼatakʼ -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

čʼatʰiš n. neighbor.

čʼaxiš n. live oak. Quercus wislizeni. Note: An Interior live oak woodland in Mariposa County, picture by Chales Webber, California Academy of Sciences underlying form: čʼa·xiš/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼaxiš/ n-theme. live oak. nominative: čʼaxiš. intensive possessor: čʼaxšiyin. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼaxiš (NAS)

čʼaxšiyin n. live oak with lots of acorns. ʔam tʰihin tʰaŋ hokʰyat čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰsaŋ meʔči hiyam sisaʔaʔ ʔinišiyin ʔitikʼ watxutʰa They don't mix it with live oak acorn because it is ripe enough for water to pass through well. underlying form: čʼa·xiš/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

čʼayisnʼaʔ n. bluejay. Variant: ṭʼayišnaʔ.

čʼayʼax n. knob or bud where new grow comes on plant. hox ʔan čʼayʼax Rope plant's bud. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼayax bush (NAS)

čʼaʔeyhat n. forest, woods.

čʼa·takʼin v. will tip over. underlying form: #čʼatikʼ -in. Morph: future.

čʼe·ʔowṭʼu n. fly, housefly.

čʼə·šašiw n. (on the) dog. Variant: čʰə·šašiw.

čʼičʼe·kʼa/ v-theme. get cold. causative: čʼičʼe·kʼi/. future: čʼičʼe·kʼat. aorist: čʼičʼe·kʼaš. predicated gerundial: čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi. durative present: čʼičʼe·kʼatʰa. non-directive gerundial: čʼičʼe·kʰašiw. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -a. Morph: inchoative.

čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi v. it is cooling. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ma·pʼamipʼ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ teyaw ʔan čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi pʰo·tay And they put beads in, filling it before it cools. underlying form: čʼičʼe·kʼa/ -ŋṭʰi. Morph: predicated gerundial.

čʼičʼe·kʼaš v. was cold. hiyam čʼičʼe·kʼaš It's getting cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -a -š. Morph: aorist.

čʼičʼe·kʼaši n. cold ones. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ -š -i. Morph: non-singular plural.

čʼičʼe·kʼašiw n. coldness, cold ones, when it is cold. čʼičʼe·kʼašiw ʔan When it's cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼa/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

čʼičʼe·kʼat v. will be cold. čʰan hiʔ čʼičʼe·kʼat It's going to get cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼa/ -t. Morph: future.

čʼičʼe·kʼatʰa v. is getting cold. čʼičʼe·kʼatʰa nim ʔitikʼ My water is getting cold. ʔamaʔ hawtaw čʼičʼe·kʼatʰa ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hiyam tuyšu And when it gets cold then they eat it. underlying form: čʼičʼe·kʼa/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʼičʼe·kʼi v. make cold. underlying form: čʼičʼe·kʼa/ -i -0. Morph: causative.

čʼičʼe·kʼi/ v-theme. make cold. future: čʼičʼe·kʼit. causative: čʼičʼe·kʼi. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼa/ -i. Morph: causative.

čʼičʼe·kʼit v. will make x cold. naʔ hiʔ tʰaŋ čʼičʼe·kʼit I will cool it. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼa/ -i -t. Morph: causative future.

čʼičʼikʼ n. cold. xi ʔitikʼ čʼičʼikʼ This water's cold. xi wɨxnat čʼičʼikʼ ʔitikʼ This water's much colder. xi xununay tʰaw čʼičʼik This water is the coldest of all. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼičʼikʼ/ n-theme. cold. nominative: čʼičʼikʼ. accusative: čʼičʼkʼa. genitive: čʼičʼkʼan. dative: čʼičʼkʼaŋ. ablative: čʼičʼkʼanitʰ. locative: čʼičʼkʼaw. Pl: čʼičʼikʼhat/. intensive possessor: čʼičʼkʼiyin. resident: čʼičʼikʼinʼin. inchoative: čʼičʼe·kʼa/. causative: čʼičʼikʼta/. Pl: čʼičʼe·kʼaši. Note: Related languages Yawelmani liwicʼ Chukchansi pičʼičʼ (NAS)

čʼičʼikʼhat n. colds. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼhat/ -0. Morph: plural nominative case.

čʼičʼikʼhat/ n-theme. colds. nominative: čʼičʼikʼhat. ablative: čʼičʼikʼhatnitʰ. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -hat. Morph: plural.

čʼičʼikʼhatnitʰ n. (away from) colds. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼhat/-nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

čʼičʼikʼta v. make it cold! underlying form: čʼičʼikʼta/ -0. Morph: imperative.

čʼičʼikʼta/ v-theme. make cold. imperative: čʼičʼikʼta. durative present: čʼičʼikʼta·tʰa. future: čʼičʼikʼtat. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -ta. Morph: causative.

čʼičʼikʼtat v. will make x cold. naʔ hiʔ tʰaŋ čʼičʼikʼtat I'll make it cool. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼta/ -t. Morph: future.

čʼičʼikʼta·tʰa v. making x cold. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ čʼičʼikʼta·tʰa Then they make it cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼta/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʼičʼkʼa n. cold. ʔam tʰihinʼ čʼičʼkʼa ʔokʰnat They don't drink cold (water). underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʼičʼkʼan n. cold's. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -an. Morph: genitive case.

čʼičʼkʼanitʰ n. from the cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

čʼičʼkʼaŋ n. cold. mari wakʼiyši čan čʼičʼkʼaŋ ʔitkʼaŋ Mary gave John some cold water. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

čʼičʼkʼaw n. (into the) cold. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔipʰa·ʔat čʼičʼkʼaw ʔ'itkʼaw hutaʔšaw They bathe in cold running water. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

čʼičʼkʼinʼin n. a person who lives in cold country. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -inʼin. Morph: resident.

čʼičʼkʼiyin n. (a person or place that is always) cold. underlying form: čʼičʼikʼ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

čʼimakʰanʼa n. blind. underlying form: čʼimikʰ/ -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

čʼime·šit n. eyebrow. Variant: čʰime·šit.

čʼimikʰ n. eyelids. underlying form: čʼimikʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼimikʰ/ n-theme. eyelids, blind. nominative: čʼimikʰ. passive verbal noun: čʼimakʰanʼa. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼa·maʔ 'blind'

čʼimʼčimʼ n. bat. underlying form: čʼimʼčimʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼimʼčʼimʼ/ n-theme. bat. nominative: čʼimʼčimʼ. Pl: čʼimʼčʼimʼhat. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼimʼcʼimʼ

čʼimʼčʼimʼhat n. bats. underlying form: čimʼčimʼ/ -hat. Morph: plural.

čʼinʼ n. lunch.

čʼinʼawway n. shades. underlying form: čʼinʼawʼ/ -way. Morph: plural.

čʼinʼawʼ n. noon, lunch. underlying form: čʼinʼawʼ/ -0. Morph: absolutive.

čʼinʼawʼ/ n-theme. shade, noon, lunch. nominative: čʼinʼiw. locative: čʼinʼawaw. Pl: čʼinʼawway. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼinʼiw

čʼinʼawʼaw n. in the shade. underlying form: čʼinʼaw/ -aw. Morph: locative case. Note: Related language Chukchansi čʼenawiw {in the shade} NAS

čʼinʼiwʼ n. shade. underlying form: čʼinʼawʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼitasšaʔ n. wind.

čʼite·takʼ n. pepperish plant. See: hutik.

čʼitʰiwši v. scratched.

čʼitʼatʼ n. clover. nahni tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰaw čʼitʼatʼ to·yatiy tʰa·ŋi ye·tʼaw yow we·ʔi hučenʼaw yičʼŋa tʰaŋ to·yatiy Sometimes they eat it together with clover or whatever or they eat it like that alone. ʔamaʔ maxa·ʔat tʰihinʼ čʼitʼatʼ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔə·kʼaš And they were getting clover and they saw him. Variant: čʰitatʰ.

čʼiwekʼ n. poison oak. Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼiwikʼ Chukchansi čʼawikʼ

čʼiwʼiyʼa/ n. chipmunk (Merrium Chipmunk). nominative: čʼiwʼiyʼaʔ. Pl: čʼiwʼiyʼhat. Neotamias merriami. Note: picture from earthwitnessphoto.com Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼiwilʼiʔ Note: Consultant occasionally refers to small skunks as čʼiwʼiyʼa

čʼiwʼiyʼaʔ n. chipmunk. underlying form: čʼiwʼiyʼa/ -ʔ. Morph: nominative case.

čʼiwʼiyʼhat n. chipmunks. underlying form: čʼiwʼiyʼa/ -hat. Morph: plural.

čʼiya·ŋi n. bone. wakʰiy nan čʼiyʼa·ŋi Give me the bone. underlying form: čʼiy/ -a·- -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

čʼiyʼ n. bone. underlying form: čʼiyʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼiyʼ/ n-theme. bone. nominative: čʼiyʼ. accusative: čʼiyʼa. genitive: čʼiyʼwin. dative: čʼiya·ŋi. ablative: čʼiya·nitʰ. locative: čʼiyaw. Pl: čʼiye·wayʼ/. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼiy Chukchansi čʼeyʼ

čʼiyʼa n. bone. yow ʔan tʼapʼtʼapʼ ʔinšiš hawtaw maʔ ṭʰaṭʰyit min čʼiyʼa Also its leaves are good when you have a broken bone. underlying form: čʼiyʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʼiyʼaw n. (into the) bone. Phon: voiceless [w̥] but voices the [w] in careful speech čʼiyʼaw underlying form: čʼiy/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

čʼiyʼa·nitʰ n. (away from the) bone. hiwetʰši naʔ čʼiya·nit I walked away from the bone. underlying form: čʼiyʼ/ -a·- -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

čʼiyʼe·wayʼ/ n-theme. bones. nominative: čʼiyʼe·wayʼi. accusative: čʼiyʼe·wayʼhi. underlying form: čʼiyʼ/ -wayʼ. Morph: plural.

čʼiyʼe·wayʼhi n. bones. hisši naʔ čʼiye·wayʼhi I hid the bones. underlying form: čʼiyʼe·wayʼi/ -h- -i. Morph: accusative case.

čʼiyʼe·wayʼi n. bones. underlying form: čʼiyʼe·wayi/ -i. Morph: nominative case.

čʼiyʼwin n. bone's. čʼiyʼnin a variant pronunciation. underlying form: čʼiyʼ/ -w- -in. Morph: oblique genitive case.

čʼi·wi·tʰitʰnaʔ n. killdeer. Charadrius vociferus.

čʼɨmə·kʰɨn n. plant species. Used by women in childbirth for its vapors when steamed. Used to help work out pain.

čʼokʰtʼit v. is being suspicious. čʼokʰtʼit naʔ tʰaŋ I'm looking out for it. underlying form: #čʼokʰotʼ -it. Morph: durative present.

čʼomtat v. washing face in face washing ceremony. Note: Here is Cecile's account of face washing as part of the mourning ceremony: 1. hawtaw ʔanikʼ hantʰaw tʰawaṭʰat 2. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʔ ponxat hawtaw tʰihinʼ hunŋiṭʰ wita 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ kɨʔya ʔanikʼ kʼə·xaŋ wakʼyat 4. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔotʼyit ʔopʰoʔtoʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ tuyo·na 5. ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ kɨʔɨy tʰašti čʼomtat 6. kʼə·xaŋ tʰihinʼ wakʼyat yow kɨʔya ʔanikʼ 7. ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ kɨʔɨy tʰašti čʼomtat wakʼyat tʰašti 8. hawšun tʰihinʼ ʔam to·yatiy tʰašti kʼumuy čʼomtat 9. ʔamaʔ tʰašti wakʼyat mononhayŋi yow kʼə·xaŋ 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ piyʔin ʔanikʼ čʼumuthan ṭʰe·naṭʰintʰin 11. čʰa tʰihinʼ tuytat ʔanikʼ kɨʔya yow tʰihinʼ mayʼa čʰan tuyo·na še·šatʰ 1. When someone has died, 2. then they fasted until the time (end of mourning) came. 3. Then they give their face washer money. 4. Then they pick a day when they will eat, 5. and their face washer washed them. 6. Then give their face washer money again, 7. and their face washer gives them their face washing. 8. All of those who have fasted get washed. 9. Then the face washer gives them clothes and money. 10. When they finish their face washing, lunch will be eaten. 11. Soon they feed the people, their face wahers, and soon they themselves eat meat. underlying form: #čʼumut -at. Morph: durative present.

čʼotipʰiy n. six. Variant: čʼutipʰiy.

čʼotopʰ v. make six.

čʼotʰwin n. valley.

čʼowʼeʔe·ya v. work things.

čʼowʼhiy v. work. wɨxi ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ čʼowʼhiy kʼačʼawiw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit They work a lot putting it into the basket. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

čʼowʼta·tʰa n. pay.

čʼoytʼaš n. star. Variant: čʰoytʼas.

čʼo·kʰun v. to put out.

čʼo·mʼiš n. hanging basket. underlying form: čʼo·miš/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼo·mʼiš/ n-theme. hanging basket, carrying basket, seed gathering basket. cone shaped. nominative: čʼo·mʼiš. Pl: čʼumʼišhat. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼo·mis 'cage for wild pigeons'

čʼo·tačʼtaš v. was urinating. underlying form: #čʼuto· -0 -aš. Morph: durative aorist. Variant: čʼo·tačʼiš.

čʼo·tačʼtit v. is urinating. underlying form: #čʼuto· -0. Morph: durative present.

čʼo·wʼo n. work. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case. Variant: čʰo·wʼo.

čʼo·wʼo v. work! underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -0. Morph: imperative.

čʼo·wʼo/ v-theme. working. durative: čʼo·wʼotʰ. durative present: čʼo·wʼotʰo. durative aorist: čʼo·wʼotʰoš. aorist: čʼo·wʼoš. future: čʼo·wʼot. imperative: čʼo·wʼo. indirective: čʼo·wʼoštʰit. predicated gerundial: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ. predicated gerundial: čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi. consequent adjunctive: čʼowʼhiy. Morph: continuative {ʼ---o} on the verb base #čʼowo 'to work'. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼowo 'to work, grasp'

čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ v. working. ʔamaʔ čʰan ʔaŋṭʰawhin tʰa čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ It is just the doctors' working things. čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ naʔ nim ʔoho·ʔot I want to work. underlying form: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ/ n-theme. working. nominative: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ. accusative: čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi. genitive: čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰin. ablative: čʼo·woŋṭʰinitʰ. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi v. working. hiyam naʔ piyši nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I finished working. čʰa naʔ piye·na nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I will finish working soon. underlying form: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ/ -i. Morph: predicated gerundial accusative case.

čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰin n. work. witʰe·pin našuš pitšitʰši tʰaŋ ʔan čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰin The boy's mother finished his work. underlying form: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰinitʰ n. return from work. hiya·mʼu nim našuš yow ʔan noʔotʼ čʼo·woŋṭʰinitʰ ʔan xoywoš Long ago my mother and her younger sister were returning from work. underlying form: čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

čʼo·wʼoš v. worked. hiyam čʼo·wʼoš He worked. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -š. Morph: aorist.

čʼo·wʼoštʰit v. will work for x. čʼo·wʼoštʰit naʔ mam hiʔ I will work for you. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -šitʰ -t. Morph: indirective future.

čʼo·wʼot v. will be working. hawtaw mihiʼ haʔa čʼo·wot What thing will you work on? ʔam nihiʔ ha·ʔa čʼo·wʼot ʔama čʰanʼiʔ tuyo·na I am not going to work at all and will only eat. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -t. Morph: future.

čʼo·wʼotʰo v. working, doing. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ witʔin xo·ʔoxiy po·saʔ ʔan ʔam wɨxnat čʼo·wʼtʰo And if they go that way then their power does not work much. čʼo·wʼotʰo naʔ I am working. ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ čʼo·wʼotʰo And when they work, underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʼo·wʼotʰoš v. was working. čʼo·wʼotʰos naʔ I was working. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo/ -tʰaš. Morph: durative aorist.

čʼo·wʼotʰoʔ v. work. underlying form: čʼo·wʼo -tʰo -ʔ. Morph: durative present absolutive.

čʼukʰitʼ v. be suspicious! underlying form: #čʼokʰotʼ -0. Morph: imperative.

čʼukʰitʼ v. will be suspicious. underlying form: #čʼokʰotʼ -0. Morph: future.

čʼukʼwitataš v. quieted the baby. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -ta -š. Morph: causative-aorist.

čʼukʼwite·na v. will get quiet. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -i·na. Morph: future.

čʼukʼwitši v. got quiet. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -ši. Morph: aorist.

čʼukʼwittat v. will quiet the baby. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -ta -t. Morph: causative future.

čʼukʼwittʰa v. getting quiet. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

čʼukʼwittʰaš v. was getting quiet. underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -tʰaš. Morph: durative aorist.

čʼukʼwuy v. quiet! underlying form: #čʼukʼwiti -0. Morph: imperative.

čʼumuthan n. face washed. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ piyʔin ʔanikʼ čʼumuthan ṭʰe·naṭʰintʰin When they finish getting their face washed, lunch will be eaten. underlying form: #čumut -han. Morph: passive.

čʼumʼišhat n. hanging baskets. underlying form: čʼo·mʼiš/ -hat. Morph: plural.

čʼuŋiš n. apron. Variant: čʰuŋiš.

čʼutahčʰinat v. want to urinate. underlying form: #čʼuto· -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

čʼutat v. might urinate. naʔas čʼutat He might urinate. underlying form: #čʼuto· -at. Morph: dubitative.

čʼutčʼut v. urinate repeatedly! underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

čʼutčʼutšu v. unrinated repeatedly. underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -ši. Morph: repetitive aorist.

čʼutipʰiy n. six. kʼɨtčʼa čʼutipʰiy naʔ ʔan ʔə·kʼaš I saw six racoons. Variant: čʼotipʰiy; čʼutipʰpʰiy. čʼutipʰpʰiy Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼolipʰpʰiy Chukchansi čʼolipʰpʰiy (NAS)

čʼutnukʰoš n. bed wetter.

čʼutočʼtaš v. was urinating repeatedly. underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -aš. Morph: repetitive durative aorist.

čʼutočʼtat v. urinating repeatedly. underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -at. Morph: repetitive durative present.

čʼuton n. urine. ʔə·kʼaš naʼ ʔan čʼuton I saw the urine. underlying form: čʼuto· -n. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

čʼutonʼ n. urine. underlying form: #čʼuto· -n -ʔ. Morph: neutral verbal noun absolutive. Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼuyo· 'to urinate' Chukchansi čʼuyonʼ

čʼuto·čʼut v. will urinate repeatedly. underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -0. Morph: repetitive future.

čʼuto·čʼuto·/ v-theme. urinate more than once. imperative: čʼutčʼut. aorist: čʼotčʼutšu. future: čʼuto·čʼut. neutral agentive: čʼuto·čʼutučʼ. durative present: čʼutočʼtat. durative aorist: čʼutočʼtaš. underlying form: #čʼuto·. Morph: reduplicated verb marking repetitive action. Note: Related languages Yawelmani cʼuto· and Chukchansi čʼuyo·

čʼuto·čʼutučʼ n. urinator, one who urinates all the time. underlying form: čʼuto·čʼuto·/ -ičʼ. Morph: repetitive neutral agentive nominative case.

čʼuto·huy n. urinating place, urinal. underlying form: #čʼuto· -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

čʼuto·šu v. urinated. underlying form: #čʼuto· -šu. Morph: aorist.

čʼuto·šutʰšu v. urinate for someone. underlying form: #čʼuto· -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

čʼuto·tʰin v. (when x) urinated. underlying form: #čʼuto· -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

čʼuto·ʔoš v. let x urinate. čʼuto·ʔoš ʔan Let him urinate. underlying form: #čʼuto· -ʔoš. Morph: percative gerundial.

čʼuto·ʔučʼ n. urinator. underlying form: #čʼuto· -ʔučʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

čʼutpʰam n. sixteen. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

čʼutpʼiʔin v. six at a time. čʼutpʼiʔin tʰaŋ tʰantaš He took six at a time. underlying form: #čʼotopʰ -ʼ...a -ʔin. Morph: distributive resultative gerundial.

čʼutpʼom v. six times, sixth, sixteen. underlying form: #čʼotopʰ -ʼ...am. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

čʼutta v. make someone urinate. underlying form: #čʼuto· -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

čʼutukʰ v. shout.

čʼutuy n. hide, skin. underlying form: čʼutuy -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼutuy/ n-theme. skin, hide of animal. nominative: čʼutuy. genitive: čʼutya. Note: Related languages Yawelamni cʼuluy Chukchansi čʼuluy, čʼo·do Chukchansi čʼo·nutʰ

čʼutuʔ v. urinate! underlying form: #čʼuto· -ʔ. Morph: imperative.

čʼutuʔ v. will urinate. underlying form: #čʼuto· -ʔ. Morph: future.

čʼutya n. skin. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tɨʔɨsšat tʰiwin yowwe·ʔi toppolin čʼutya And they made it from cottontail or sometimes jackrabbit skin. underlying form: čʼutuy/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

čʼutʰo·šuy n. navel, umbilical cord. hawtaw witʰe·pin čʼutʰo·šuy kune·ʔat When the child's umbical cord drops off, Anth: The umbilical cord comes off it was occasionally tied on the cradleboard underlying form: čʼuto·šuy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

čʼutʰo·šuy/ n-theme. navel, umbilical cord. nominative: čʼutʰo·šuy. genitive: čʼutʰo·šuyin. Note: Related language Yawelmani cʼutʰus

čʼutʰo·šuyin n. navel's. hawšun ʔopʰoʔtoʔ witʰe·pin čʼutʰo·šuyin xo·ʔoxiʔ For as many days as the child's umbilical cord stays on. underlying form: čʼutʰo·šuy/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

čʼuyʼuw prt. anywhere.