T - t

-t   afx. plural. Morph: plural.

-t   afx. future. Morph: future.

-ta   afx. causative. Morph: causative.

-ta   afx. repetitive. Morph: repetitive.

tačʰay   n. mudhen. Variant: tʼačʼay.

takahčʰinat   v. want to stay overnight. underlying form: #taka· -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

takan   n. staying overnight. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan takan I saw him staying overnight. underlying form: #taka· -0 -n. Morph: neutral verbal noun genitive case.

takat   v. might stay overnight. hin maʔ naʔas nay takat Could you stay overnight? underlying form: #taka· -at. Morph: dubitative.

takatkaš   v. stayed overnight more than once. underlying form: taktak/ -aš. Morph: repetitive durative aorist. Variant: takatkiš.

takatkiš   v. stayed overnight repeatedly. underlying form: taktak/ -iš. Morph: repetitive durative aorist. Variant: takatkaš.

takatkit   v. staying overnight repeatedly. underlying form: taktak/ -it. Morph: repetitive durative present.

takatʰ   v. might stay. underlying form: #taka· -atʰ. Morph: dubitative.

takaʔ   v. will stay overnight. takaʔ tʰawhiʔ tʰa witʰep The child will stay all night. underlying form: #taka· -ʔ. Morph: future. Note: this is the expected form for the future tense

takaʔ   v. stay overnight! takaʔ xew hiʔ Stay here overnight! underlying form: #taka· -ʔ. Morph: imperative.

takaʔa   n. one who always spends the night. tʰaw tʰihinʼ takaʔa They are going to stay all night there. underlying form: #taka· -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

taka·hiy   n. place for staying overnight. underlying form: #taka· -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

taka·ši   v. stayed overnight. ʔamaʔ tʰaški tʰuyinʼši ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taka·ši pʰata·wʼiw ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hotʼo·ʔoniš And it got dark on them and they stayed overnight in a cave and they built a fire. underlying form: #taka· -ši. Morph: aorist.

taka·šitʰ   v. will stay overnight for x. underlying form: #taka· -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

taka·šiwšaš   v. when staying overnight. underlying form: #taka· -šiw -aš. Morph: non-directive gerundial durative aorist.

taka·tak   v. will stay overnight repeatedly. underlying form: taktak/ -0. Morph: repetitive future.

taka·tik   v. is staying overnight. underlying form: taktak/ -0. Morph: repetitive future. Variant: taka·tak.

taka·tikičʼ   v. one who stays overnight repeatedly. underlying form: taktak/ -ičʼ. Morph: repetitive neutral agentive nominative case.

taka·tʰitʰ   v. stayed overnight. taka·tʰitʰ ʔanikʼ They stayed overnight. underlying form: #taka· -tʰa -itʰ. Morph: causative passive aorist.

taka·wiš   v. will stay with each other overnight. underlying form: #taka· -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

taka·ʔačʼ   v. one who stays all night. tʰaxnat naʔ taka·ʔačʼ nay I came to stay all night with you. underlying form: #taka· -ʔačʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

take·na   v. will stay overnight. underlying form: #taka· -i·na. Morph: this is an unusal form for the future tense.

takšitʰši   v. stayed overnight for x. underlying form: #taka· -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

takta   v. make x stay overnight, put x to bed. takta tʰaŋ Make him stay overnight. underlying form: #taka· -ta. Morph: causative.

taktak   v. stay repeatedly! underlying form: taktak/ -0. Morph: imperative.

taktak/   v. stay overnight repeatedly. imperative: taktak. aorist: taktakši. durative aorist: takatkiš. durative aorist: takatkaš. durative present: takatkit. future: taka·tik. future: taka·tak. neutral agentive: taka·tikičʼ. underlying form: #taka· + #taka·. Morph: reduplicated verb marking repetitive action.

taktakši   n. stayed overnight repeatedly. taktakši tʰaw tʰihinʼ They repeatedly stayed overnight there. underlying form: taktak/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

takta·tʰa   v. making x stay overnight. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ takta·tʰa yetʼ tʰoyonʼow Then they make it stay over night. underlying form: #taka· -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

takʔin   v. staying overnight. hin ʔiništʰa nim xew takʔin Is it alright for me to stay here overnight? underlying form: #taka· -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tamna/   v. try, taste. durative present: tamna·tʰa. durative aorist: tamnata·ši. imperative: tamʼna. aorist: tamnaš. future: tamnat. passive future: tamnaŋiṭʰ. predicated gerundial: tamnaŋṭʰi. Note: Related language Yawelmani tamna·/

tamnaŋiṭʰ   v. will be tried. underlying form: tamna/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tamnaŋṭʰi   v. trying. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim tʰaŋ tamnaŋṭʰi I want to try it. underlying form: tamna/ -ŋṭʰi. Morph: predicated gerundial.

tamnaš   v. tried. underlying form: tamna/ -š. Morph: aorist.

tamnat   v. will try. underlying form: tamna/ -t. Morph: future.

tamnata·ši   v. was trying. underlying form: tamna/ -tʰa -ši. Morph: durative aorist.

tamna·tʰa   v. tasting, trying. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tamna·tʰa ʔɨkʼa·ʔat ʔan hiyam sisši And they try it looking to see if it is already ripe. underlying form: tamna/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

tamʼna   v. taste! try! underlying form: tamna/ -0. Morph: imperative.

taŋ   v. hear! underlying form: #ta·ŋa -0. Morph: imperative.

taŋa   n. hearing. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan tʰaŋ taŋa I see him hearing it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

taŋa/   n. hear. accusative: taŋa. neutral agentive: taŋa·ʔačʼ. consequent adjunctive: taŋa·hiy. consequent agentive: taŋaʔa. passive verbal noun: taŋaʔhanʼa. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

taŋanat   n. sound.

taŋatŋiš   v. was hearing it over and over. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -iš. Morph: repetitive durative aorist.

taŋatŋit   v. hearing it over and over. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -it. Morph: repetitive durative present.

taŋay   n. Jimsonweed. Note: Although it is a poisonous and dangerous plant, Jimsonweed was used to induce dreams for acquiring power, in a ritualized way to speed recovery from childbirth, and as a medicinal plant. Here is Cecile's account of Jimsonweed use: 0. taŋay 1. hiyamxay taŋay ʔokʰnat 2. tʰa·ŋi tʰihinʼ tʼoyoxwišat 3. tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ ʔukunʔun taŋayin 4. yetʼ mayʼ ʔuko·nʼutʰa tʰa·ŋi watʰaw ʔoho·ʔot ʔan taŋyiwšu 5. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔoknat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ taŋayin we·ʔi hawšuntʰaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ 6. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ taʔatat ʔukonŋiṭʰ taʔatat 7. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ yow taŋyʼinʼin ʔɨkʼa·ʔat čʰɨxačʰničʼa 8. yow čaʔaʔpa ʔokʰnat tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ ṭʰipʰenna·tʰa 9. yow ʔan tʼapʼtʼapʼ ʔinšiš hawtaw maʔ ṭʰaṭʰyit min čʼiyʼa 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ṭʰaṭʰayiw 11. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ taʔa·titʰa 12. yow ʔinšiš tapʰičʰnaw 13. ʔamaʔ yow ʔan ho·pʰut ʔaxitnačʼi 14. maxa·ʔat ʔan ho·pʰut 15. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ sokʰtat hawtaw ʔanikʼ pučʼičʼ ʔa·xit hačʼamwayʼo 16. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ kʼiwʼši tuyhačʰinat 17. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ wamičʰin tʰaw tʰuhna·tʰa 18. ʔamaʔ ʔam witʰe·pa čʰɨxa·čʰanti 0. Jimsonweed 1. Old time people drank Jimsonweed. 2. They doctored themselves with it. 3. They would get dizzy drinking it. 4. One person made whoever wants to get dizzy drink it. 5. When they drank it they would get dizzy for so many days. 6. Then they get over the dizziness, the ones who would be drunk by it get well. 7. And the ones who get dizzy also see those who are sick. 8. And some drink it and get power. 9. Also its leaves are good when you have a broken bone. 10. And they put it on the broken place. 11. And it makes it well. 12. It is also good for arthritis. 13. And its roots are also [used] by one who has had a baby. 14. They get its roots. 15. And they make a hole in it when their little one is just born. 16. And when they want to eat hard [food]. 17. And they will chew [some of the desired food] and spit it into [the hole]. 18. Then the baby doesn't get sick. Note: Pictures by Gamble and Steven Mark Norris, CSUCI Datura wrightii, Datura meteloides. underlying form: taŋay/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

taŋay/   n-theme. Jimsonweed. nominative: taŋay. genitive: taŋa·yin. resident: taŋyʼinʼin. Note: Related language Yawelmani ta·nay

taŋay/   v-theme. get dizzy. future: taŋayin. intensive possessor: taŋyiyin. reflexive-reciprocal: taŋyiwiš/. neutral verbal noun: taŋay.

taŋayin   v. will get dizzy. tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ ʔukunʔun taŋayin They would get dizzy drinking it. underlying form: taŋay/ -in. Morph: future.

taŋaʔa   n. hears everything. ʔam taŋaʔa hear nothing -- refers to kids who don't mind. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case.

taŋaʔčʼi   n. hearer. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ taŋaʔčʼi I saw the hearer. underlying form: taŋa·ʔačʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

taŋaʔčʼin   n. hearer's. underlying form: taŋa·ʔač/ʼ -in. Morph: genitive case.

taŋaʔčʼinitʰ   n. away from the hearer. underlying form: taŋa·ʔačʼ/ -initʰ. Morph: ablative case.

taŋaʔčʼiw   n. to the hearer. underlying form: taŋa·ʔačʼ/ iw. Morph: locative case.

taŋaʔhanʼa   n. hearing something loud. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ʔhanʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

taŋa·hiy   n. hearing place or thing. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

taŋa·hiyŋi   n. hearing thing. wakʼiyši naʔ mam taŋa·hiyŋi I gave you (the word) hearer. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -hiy -ŋi. Morph: consequent adjunctive dative case.

taŋa·šitʰ   v. will hear for x. taŋa·šitʰ tʰa mam hiʔ I will hear it for you. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

taŋa·taŋ   v. will hear repeatedly. taŋa·taŋ hiʔ Will hear it more than once. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -0. Morph: repetitive future.

taŋa·taŋičʼ   n. hearer. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -ičʼ. Morph: repetitive neutral agentive nominative case. Variant: taŋa·tiŋičʼ.

taŋa·tiŋičʼ   n. hearer, one who hears more than once. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -ičʼ. Morph: repetitive neutral agentive nominative case. Variant: taŋa·taŋičʼ.

taŋa·wiš   v. will hear each other. taŋa·wiš tʰihikʼ hiʔ They will hear each other. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

taŋa·yin   n. jimsonweed's. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat taŋa·yin ho·put They get Jimsonweed roots. underlying form: taŋay/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

taŋa·ʔačʼ   n. hearer. underlying form: taŋa·ʔačʼ/ -0. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

taŋa·ʔačʼ/   v. hearer. nominative: taŋa·ʔačʼ. accusative: taŋaʔčʼi. genitive: taŋaʔčʼin. locative: taŋaʔčʼiw. ablative: taŋaʔčʼinitʰ. underlying form: #taŋa -ʔačʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

taŋa·ʔaš   v. was hearing. taŋa·ʔaš naʔ tʰaŋ I was hearing it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ʔaš. Morph: durative aorist.

taŋa·ʔat   v. hearing. taŋa·ʔat naʔ tʰaŋ I am hearing it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

taŋhačʰinat   v. want to hear. taŋhačʰinat naʔ I want to hear. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

taŋhan   v. being heard. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ po·hatin taŋhan I saw the squirrel being heard. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -han. Morph: passive.

taŋinši   v. heard of it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

taŋŋiṭʰ   v. will be heard. taŋŋiṭʰ hiʔ Someone is going to hear it. taŋŋiṭʰ hiʔ nim nipe·čʼin It was heard by my brother. underlying form: ta·ŋa -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

taŋši   v. heard. nipečʼ nim tʰaŋ taŋši My brother heard it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ši. Morph: aorist.

taŋšitʰši   v. heard for x. taŋšitʰši naʔ mam I heard for you. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

taŋta   v. let x hear. taŋta tʰaŋ Let him hear it. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

taŋtaŋ   v. hear repeatedly! underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -0. Morph: imperative.

taŋtaŋ   n. hearing repeatedly. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim tʰaŋ taŋtaŋ I want to hear it more than once. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

taŋtaŋ/   v-theme. hear repeatedly. durative present: taŋatŋit. durative aorist: taŋtaŋiš. aorist: taŋtaŋši. indirective: taŋtaŋšitʰši. imperative: taŋtaŋ. future: taŋa·taŋ. neutral agentive: taŋa·tiŋičʼ. neutral agentive: taŋa·taŋičʼ. neutral verbal noun: taŋtaŋ. underlying form: #ta·ŋa + #ta·ŋa. Morph: repetitive.

taŋtaŋši   v. heard repeatedly. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

taŋtaŋšitʰši   v. heard it for someone over and over. taŋtaŋšitʰši tʰaŋ It heard it over and over for me. underlying form: taŋtaŋ/ -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

taŋtʰam   n. supper. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ṭʰaʔaṭʰi tošši tuy ʔan taŋtʰam tʰasti And they told the people eat all of your food.

taŋtʰam/   n-theme. supper. nominative: taŋtʰam. genitive: taŋtʰuman.

taŋtʰin   v. heared by x. taŋtʰin nim It was heard by me. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

taŋtʰuman   n. supper. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. underlying form: taŋtʰam/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

taŋwišši   v. heard each other. taŋwišši tihikʼ They heard each other. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

taŋyiwiš   n. Jimsonweed.ceremony. underlying form: taŋyiwiš/ -0. Morph: verbal noun nominative case. Lit: getting each other dizzy

taŋyiwiš/   v-theme. getting each other dizzy. aorist: taŋyiwšu. neutral verbal noun: taŋyiwiš. underlying form: taŋay/ -wiš. Morph: reflexive reciprocal.

taŋyiwšu   v. got each other dizzy. yetʼ mayʼ ʔuko·nʼutʰa tʰa·ŋi watʰaw ʔoho·ʔot ʔan taŋyiwšu One man made whoever wants to get themselves dizzy drink it. underlying form: taŋyiwiš/ -šu. Morph: aorist.

taŋyiyin   n. one who always gets dizzy. underlying form: taŋay/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

taŋyʼinʼin   n. one who is always dizzy. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ yow taŋyʼinʼin ʔɨkʼa·ʔat čʰɨxačʰničʼa And the ones who get dizzy also see those who are sick. underlying form: taŋay/ -ʼ...inʼin. Morph: resident.

taŋʔaš   v. let x hear. taŋʔaš nim Let me hear. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

tapʰa   n. cottonwood.

tapʰay   v. pick clover! underlying form: #tapʰay -0. Morph: imperative.

tapʰayši   v. picked clover. underlying form: #tapʰay -ši. Morph: aorist.

tapʰičʰnaw   n. arthritis. yow ʔinšiš tapʰičʰnaw It is also good for arthritis.

tapʰiŋhanin   n. tree mushroom's. underlying form: tapʰiŋhat/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tapʰiŋhat   n. tree mushrooms. underlying form: tapʰiŋhat/ -0. Morph: plural nominative case.

tapʰiŋhat/   n-theme. tree mushrooms. nominative: tapʰiŋhat. genitive: tapʰiŋhanin. underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -hat. Morph: plural.

tapʰŋa   n. tree mushroom. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tapʰŋa I saw the tree mushroom. underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -0. Morph: nominative and accusative case.

tapʰŋa/   n-theme. tree mushroom. nominative: tapʰŋa. accusative: tapʰŋa. genitive: tapʰŋan. dative: tapʰŋaŋ. ablative: tapʰŋanitʰ. locative: tapʰŋaw. Pl: tapʰiŋhat.

tapʰŋan   n. tree mushroom's. underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -n. Morph: genitive case.

tapʰŋanitʰ   n. tree mushroom (away from). underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

tapʰŋaŋ   n. tree mushroom. underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -ŋ. Morph: dative case.

tapʰŋaw   n. tree mushroom (to the). underlying form: tapʰŋa/ -w. Morph: locative case.

tapʰyin   v. will pick clover. čʰitatʰ naʔ hi tapʰyin I'll pick clover. underlying form: #tapʰay -in. Morph: future.

tapʰyit   v. picking clover. underlying form: #tapʰay -it. Morph: durative present.

tatim   n. trout. Note: Related languages Yawelmani talʼim Chukchansi talimʼ (NAS)

tatipʰ   n. bow.

tatipʰ/   n-theme. bow. nominative: tatipʰ. accusative: tatpʰa. Note: Related language Yawelmani ṭʼap

tatpʰa   n. bow. ʔamaʔ yiwʼe·ničʼ maxši ʔan tatpʰa ʔamaʔ yow sikʰtʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti hoyo·ši The husband got his bow and his arrows then he called them all. underlying form: tatipʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tatʰuw   n. west. Variant: taṭʰuw.

tatʰuwun   n. westerner.

taṭʰuw   n. west. Note: Related language Yawelmani paluw Variant: tatʰuw.

tawaš/   v-theme. thirsty. durative present: tawšat. durative aorist: tawšaš. aorist: tawšiš. Note: Related language Chukchansi (NAS) tawšitʰ, tawištʰaʔ

tawatʰčʰinat   v. want to run. tawatʰčʰinat naʔ I want to run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tawatʰʔiy   v. running place. underlying form: tawatʰ -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

tawaʔtʰa   n. one who runs all the time. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case.

tawaʔtʰanʼa   n. that which was run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tawaʔtʰi   v. make x run. tawaʔtʰi nan Let me run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -i. Morph: causative.

tawaʔtʰitʰaš   v. made x run. tawaʔtʰitʰaš naʔ tʰaŋ I made him run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -i -tʰas. Morph: causative durative aorist.

tawa·kʰoʔ   n. tobacco. From: Spanish or English. Variant: tʰawakʰo.

tawa·tʰičʼ   n. one who runs. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tawa·tʰiš   v. made x run. wɨxʔat naʔ tʰaŋ tawa·tʰis I made him run several times. underlying form: #tawatʰ -i -š. Morph: causative aorist.

tawitʰ   v. run! ʔepʰʔipʰ tawitʰ Run, swim more than once! underlying form: #tawatʰ -0. Morph: imperative.

tawitʰ   v. will run. tawitʰ nihiʔ I will run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -0. Morph: future.

tawitʰ   n. running. pučʼičʼ ʔamaʔ čʰitapʰ ʔan tawitʰ pʰatuwunšu yakʰawaw Small and quick he ran into the rock. underlying form: tawitʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tawitʰ/   n-theme. running. nominative: tawitʰ. accusative: tawtʰa. underlying form: #tawatʰ/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tawitʰhan   v. run by x. underlying form: #tawatʰ -han. Morph: passive.

tawitʰŋiṭʰ   v. will be run. tawitʰŋiṭʰ hiʔ It will be run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tawitʰši   v. ran. tawitʰši naʔ I ran. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tawitši Then they ran away. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tawitʰtʰin   v. being run by x. tawitʰtʰin nim being run by me. underlying form: #tawatʰ -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

tawitʰʔaš   v. let x run. tawitʰʔaš ʔan Let him run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

tawitʰʔin   v. while running. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tawšaš   v. was getting thirsty. tawšaš naʔ I was getting thirsty. underlying form: tawaš/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tawšat   v. thirsty. tawšat naʔ I am thirsty. underlying form: tawaš/ -at. Morph: durative present.

tawšiš   v. was thirsty. naʔ tawšiš I was thirsty. underlying form: tawaš/ -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

tawtʰa   n. running. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan tawtʰa I saw the runner (his running). underlying form: tawitʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tawtʰaš   v. was running. tawtʰaš naʔ I ran. hiyam tawtʰas He has already run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tawtʰat   v. running. tawtʰat naʔ I am running. underlying form: #tawatʰ -at. Morph: durative present.

tawtʰat   v. might run. underlying form: #tawatʰ -at. Morph: dubitative.

tawtʰatʰ   v. was run by. underlying form: #tawatʰ -atʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tawtʰištʰaš   v. ran for x. tawtʰištʰaš nan You ran for me. underlying form: #tawatʰ -ištʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tayiči   v. come alive.

tayikʼ   v. will wade. underlying form: #tayakʼ -0. Morph: future.

taykʼaš   v. was wading. underlying form: #tayakʼ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

taykʼat   v. wading. underlying form: #tayakʼ -at. Morph: durative present.

tayuʔut   v. used to own.

tayʼa   n. step. naʔ ʔoho·ʔos nim tayʼa I want to step. underlying form: #tayʼa -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tayʼačʰinat   v. want to kick. underlying form: #tayʼa -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tayʼa·ʔičʼ   v. kicker. underlying form: #tayʼa -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tayʼetyʼuŋiṭʰ   v. will be kicked over and over by x. underlying form: #tayʼa + #tayʼa -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: reduplicated passive future.

tayʼe·na   v. will kick. underlying form: #tayʼa -e·na. Morph: future.

tayʼitʰ   v. was kicked. čʰə·šaš tʰa tayʼitʰ The dog was kicked. underlying form: #tayʼa -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tayʼši   v. kicked. tayʼši tʰaŋ I kicked it. underlying form: #tayʼa -ši. Morph: aorist.

tayʼwuššu   v. kicked each other. underlying form: #tayʼa -wuš -šu. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

taʔata   n. alive. underlying form: #taʔat -a. Morph: accusative case.

taʔatat   v. make well, get over being dizzy. ʔamaʔ tʰihin taʔatat Then they get over being dizzy. underlying form: #taʔat -at. Morph: durative present.

taʔa·titʰa   v. makes well. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ taʔa·titʰa And it makes it well. underlying form: #taʔat -i -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

taʔyʼi   v. kicked. čʰə·šaš xi taʔyʼi This dog was kicked. underlying form: #tayʼa -i. Morph: causative.

-ta·   afx. causative. Morph: causative.

ta·katik   v. stay overnight. ta·katik naʔ tʰahiʔ I will spend the night there. underlying form: #taka· -0. Morph: durative present.

ta·katkaŋiṭʰ   v. will stay overnight. ta·katkaŋiṭʰ tʰawhiʔ Someone will stay all night there. underlying form: #taka· -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

ta·katkaš   v. was staying overnight. ta·katkaš naʔ tʰaw I was staying overnight there. underlying form: #taka· -aš. Morph: reduplicated durative aorist.

ta·kʰotukʰ   n. rainbow. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰakʰa·lapʼ (NAS)

ta·ŋat   v. might hear. hičʰa nan naʔas ta·ŋat It might hear me. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -at. Morph: dubitative.

ta·ŋatʰ   v. was heard. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: ta·ŋitʰ.

ta·ŋin   v. will hear. ta·ŋin nihiʔ I will hear it. hiyamxaš tʰaŋ hiʔ ta·ŋin He will hear it tomorrow. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -in. Morph: future.

ta·ŋitʰ   v. was heard. underlying form: #ta·ŋa -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: ta·ŋatʰ.

telamtelam   n. mythical long snake. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ ṭʰəʔət telamtelam ʔankin pʰitaw wɨtʼə·naš And there was a TelamTelam snake stretched across their road. Note: it is very long and seen only when something is going to happen to you

teme·tim   v. think. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -0. Morph: future. Variant: time·tim.

temšitʰši   v. think for x. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

temtam   v. think. temtam naʔ nim ʔoho·ʔot I want to think. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

temtim   v. think! underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -0. Morph: imperative.

temtimši   v. thought. underlying form: #ti·miti·mi -ši. Morph: aorist.

textaš   v. wove. mari textaš ʔan kʼačʼaw Mary wove her basket. underlying form: #tixit -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

textat   v. weaving repeatedly. underlying form: #tixit -ta. Morph: repetitive durative present.

teyaw   prt. before. ʔukun naʔ ʔaypʰun teyaw nim tuya I will drink first before I eat. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ma·pʼamipʼ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ teyaw ʔan čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi pʰo·tay And they put beads in, filling it before it cools.

teytin   v. will care. underlying form: #te·yit -in. Morph: future.

teytiwiš/   v-theme. wait for. durative aorist: tiyetwišaš. durative present: tiyetwišat. future: tiyitwaš. neutral verbal noun: teytiwša. neutral agentive: tiyetiwe·šičʼ. imperative: teytiwša. desiderative: tiyitwaš. precative gerunidal: teytiwšaʔaš. underlying form: #te·yit -wiš/. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal.

teytiwša   v. waiting for. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

teytiwša   v. wait for x! underlying form: teytiwiš/ -0. Morph: imperative.

teytiwšaš   v. waited for x. tʰaw tʰihikʼ waʔa teytiwšaš teyaw ʔankin watxuŋṭʰa They waited for it there a long time before they could pass by. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

teytiwšaʔaš   v. let x wait for. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -ʔaš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal precative gerundial.

teʔe·ŋiṭʰ   v. will be sunk by. teʔe·ŋiṭʰ hiʔ It will be sunk. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

teʔe·ši   v. did sink, sank. Phon: the long [e·] is sometimes lowered to [æ] before a following [n] teʔe·ši naʔ I sank. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ši. Morph: aorist. See: tiʔši 'sank'.

teʔe·tat   v. might cause to sink. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -at. Morph: causative dubitative.

teʔe·tatʰ   v. was being sunk. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -atʰ. Morph: causative passive aorist.

teʔe·tʰin   v. being sunk. teʔe·tʰin ʔan When he sunk (it). underlying form: #tiʔi· -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

teʔe·wišši   v. made itself sink. underlying form: #tiʔi· -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

teʔe·ʔaš   v. let x sink. teʔe·ʔaš nim Let me sink. underlying form: #tiʔi· ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

teʔisšu   v. turns into, becomes. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰaʔan teʔisšu mayʼa ʔamaʔ čʼutipʰiy kʰuhṭʼun ʔamaʔ čʼutipʰiy mukʼešhin And he also turned some of that there into people, six men and six women. Morph: aorist. See: tɨʔɨsšɨ 'made'.

te·mamčʰuyʼ   n. humming bird.

te·šatʰa   v. following. underlying form: te·ši/ -tʰa. Morph: durative.

te·ši/   v-theme. follow. durative aorist: te·šiš. future: te·šit. durative: te·šatʰa.

te·šiš   v. was following. underlying form: te·ši/ -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

te·šit   v. will follow. underlying form: te·ši/ -it. Morph: future.

te·yit   v. wait! underlying form: #te·yit -0. Morph: imperative.

te·yitwaš   v. waited for. underlying form: #te·yit -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

te·ʔašitʰši   v. sank for x. underlying form: #tiʔi· -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

te·ʔataŋiṭʰ   v. being sunk by x. te·ʔatʔaŋiṭʰ hiʔ It will be sunk by somebody. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: causative durative passive.

te·ʔataštʰi   v. make x sink for y. te·ʔataštʰi nan Sink it for me. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -ištʰ -i -0. Morph: causative indirective imperative.

te·ʔataštʰiš   v. was sunk by x. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -ištʰ -iš. Morph: causative indirective aorist.

te·ʔatatʰ   v. was sunk by. te·ʔatʔatʰ witʰe·pin It was sunk by the child. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -atʰ. Morph: causative passive aorist.

te·ʔatiʔ   v. is sinking. underlying form: #tiʔi· -0. Morph: durative present.

te·ʔatiʔ   v. adding.roots to basket in construction process.

te·ʔatiʔiy   n. sinkers. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive nominative case.

te·ʔatʔaš   v. was sinking. underlying form: te·ʔatiʔ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

təʔsaš   v. made. čʰučʰankʰin təʔsaš tʰaŋ kʼačʼaw Chuchankin made a basket. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

təʔsat   v. making. təʔsat ye·tʼaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰaw tʼo·matʼim Making it with what they can get together. čaʔaʔpa nahni hunʼayʼ šaxathay təʔsat ʔan ʔotʼyit xi ʔanikʼ pana yow we·ʔi ha·ʔatʰa ʔanikʼ tuya At first some baskets are sometimes made loosely woven to put their bread or any of their food whatever. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -at. Morph: durative present.

ti   prt. is. xiti ʔetʰan šatam ṭʼatʼa Is a willow a tree? ṭʼatʼa ti tʰaʔan It is a tree also.

timetmaš   v. thought. timetmaš naʔ yuʔut nim wakʼya I thought about giving(but was uncertain about it). timetmaš naʔ yuʔut nim wakʼayčʰinat I thought about wanting to give (but was uncertain about it). underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

timetmat   v. thinking. timetmat naʔ I am thinking. naʔ yuʔut timetmat nim wita I was thinking about doing it. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -at. Morph: durative present. Note: Related language čʼetmat Chukchansi NAS

time·tim   v. will think. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -0. Morph: future. Variant: teme·tim.

time·timhat   n. caused to think a lot. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -hat. Morph: causative repetitive.

time·timhiy   v. thinking place. time·timhiy tʰanŋiṭʰ Going to a place to think. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

time·timičʼ   v. thinker. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

timitmiwša·tʰa   v. thinking of each other. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -iwša -tʰa. Morph: reflexive/reciprocal durative present.

timiʔta   v. make x think. underlying form: ti·miti·mi/ -0. Morph: causative.

tiŋit   n. dirt. kʰayʼiw xuyiwši ʔamaʔ xa·xiy ʔam tʰihinʼ ʔinišiyin xo·ʔoxiʔ to·yatiy tʰihinʼ tiŋta min hin čuʔupanʼa tiŋit kʼaṭʰutʰa Coyote returned and said they are not doing well, why are they are eating your dirt, half of the dirt is gone. underlying form: tiŋit/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tiŋit/   n-theme. dirt, soil. nominative: tiŋit. accusative: tiŋta. genitive: tiŋtan. dative: tiŋtaŋ. ablative: tiŋtanitʰ. locative: tiŋtaw. Pl: tiŋithat. Pl: tiŋithay. intensive possessor: tiŋtiyin. resident: tiŋtinʼin. aorist: tiŋitši. future: tiŋtin. medio-passive: tiŋtinši. acquisitive: tiŋitna.

tiŋithat   n. dirts. underlying form: tiŋit/ -hat. Morph: plural.

tiŋithay   n. dirts, pile of dirt. underlying form: tiŋit/ -hay.

tiŋitna   v. get it dirty! underlying form: tiŋit/ -na- -0. Morph: acquisitive, imperative.

tiŋitši   v. was dirty. underlying form: tiŋit/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tiŋta   n. ground, dirt. ʔamaʔ tošši limkʼa tiŋta tʰihinʼ to·yatiy tiŋta And he told Limik: They are eating dirt. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tiŋta tuyšu mo·yʼukʼiw And they ate dirt at Whirlwind place. underlying form: tiŋit/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tiŋtan   n. dirt's. underlying form: tiŋit/ -an. Morph: genitive case.

tiŋtanitʰ   n. away from the dirt. underlying form: tiŋit/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

tiŋtaŋ   n. dirt. underlying form: tiŋit/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

tiŋtaw   n. to the dirt. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ wo·sowis tiŋtaw And they shake it to the ground. ʔamaʔ ṭʼuxit yow kʰayʼiw ʔotʼoyši tʰaŋ tiŋtaw Then Eagle and Coyote put them in the ground. underlying form: tiŋit/ -aw. Morph: locative case. Phon: the [w] can be voiceless [tiŋtaw̥]

tiŋtin   v. will get dirty. tiŋtin hiʔ It will get dirty. underlying form: tiŋit/ -in -0. Morph: medio-passive, future.

tiŋtinši   v. It got dirty. underlying form: tiŋit/ -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive, aorist.

tiŋtinʼin   n. one who lives in the dirt. underlying form: tiŋit/ -inʼin. Morph: resident.

tiŋtiyin   n. lots of dirt on x. underlying form: tiŋit/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

tipʰ   n. liver. underlying form: tipʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tipʰ/   n-theme. liver. nominative: tipʰ. accusative: tipʰa. genitive: tipʰin. dative: tipʰa·ŋi. ablative: tipʰa·nitʰ. locative: tipʰaw. intensive possessor: tipʰiyin. Note: Related languages Yawelmani tipʰ Chukchansi tipʰ

tipʰa   n. liver. underlying form: tipʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tipʰaw   n. liver (to the ...) underlying form: tipʰ/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tipʰa·nitʰ   n. liver (away from the ...) underlying form: tipʰ/ -a·- -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

tipʰa·ŋi   n. liver. underlying form: tipʰ/ -a·- -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

tipʰin   n. liver's. underlying form: tipʰ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tipʰin   n. a well. Note: Related language Yawelmani tipin

tipʰiyin   n. liver (lots of ...), big liver. underlying form: tipʰ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

titiw   n. forehead. Variant: tʼitiw.

tixatčʰinat   v. want to weave. hawtaw tʰihinʼ tixatčʰinat That's what they do when they want to weave a basket. hawtaw ʔiništʰa tixatčʰinat tʰihinʼ When it is ready, they want to weave a basket. underlying form: #tixit -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tixaʔtanʼa   v. woven. šaxathay ʔam wɨxnat ʔačʼew tixaʔtanʼa A twined basket is not very closely woven. underlying form: #tixit -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tixa·titʰ   v. was woven by x. underlying form: #tixit -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tixe·tičʼ   v. weaver. underlying form: #tixit -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tixitšatʰ   v. will weave for x. underlying form: #tixit -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

tixitši   v. wove. underlying form: #tixit -ši. Morph: aorist.

tixitšitʰat   v. weaving for x. underlying form: #tixit -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

tixittʰin   v. weaving. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow hɨpʰa·ʔat hiyam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ tʰaʔan tixittʰin Then they also scrape it and it is good to also be woven by them. underlying form: #tixit -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

tixta   n. weaving. mari ʔə·kʼaš tʰaŋ mukʼšin tixta Mary saw the woman who wove a basket. hawit maʔ ʔoho·ʔot tixta min tʰa·ŋi However much you want to make your basket. underlying form: #tixit -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

tixtin   v. will weave. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ tixtin And you will weave it. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔoho·ʔot hawit ʔanikʼ tʰaw tixtin tʰa·nitʰ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaw tʰaŋ When they want to use it, they will weave away from that spot. underlying form: #tixit -in. Morph: future.

tixtištʰaš   v. was weaving for x. underlying form: #tixit -ištʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tiyaʔaʔ   n. chief. Note: Related languages Yawelmani tiyʼaʔ Chukchansi tʰe·yiš (NAS)

tiyetiwašičʼ   v. one who waits for x. underlying form: teyiwiš/ -čʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tiyetwišaš   v. was waiting for. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tiyetwišat   v. waiting for. tiyetwišat naʔ mam I am waiting for you. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -at. Morph: durative present.

tiye·taš   v. was caring. underlying form: #te·yit -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tiye·tat   v. caring for. underlying form: #te·yit -at. Morph: durative present.

tiye·tawšit   v. waiting place. underlying form: teyiwiš/ -awšit. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal adjunctive.

tiyitwaš   v. will wait for. underlying form: teytiwiš/ -0. Morph: future.

tiyʼmʼayʼhaʔ   n. beliefs, powers. Note: often refers to those beliefs that have been acquired through dreaming and give a person power Variant: tiyʼmʼayʼxayʼ. See: timiʔta 'made to think'.

tiyʼmʼayʼxayʼ   n. beliefs, power. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat ʔanikʼ tiyʼmʼayʼxayʼ hiyam tʰašti hiyam ʔinešʔin ʔaŋaṭʰwat ʔanikʼ Then they get whatever power has been made good for them in their dream. Variant: timʼayʼhaʔ.

tiʔ   prt. interrogative particle. Morph: Interrogative, usually follows the interrogated word. See: ʔot.

tiʔ   v. sink! underlying form: #tiʔi· -0. Morph: imperative.

tiʔačʰinat   v. want to sink. underlying form: #tiʔi· -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tiʔan   n. sinking. ʔoho·ʔot nim tiʔan I want to sink (I want my sinking). to·ʔotto nim tiʔan Let me sink. ʔə·kʼaš nim tʰihin tiʔan They saw me sinking. underlying form: #tiʔi· -n. Morph: verbal noun.

tiʔan/   v-theme. make tea. resultative gerundial: tiʔanʔin. From: English tea.

tiʔanʔin   v. make tea. ʔamaʔ ʔan tʼapʼtʼapʼ tiʔanʔin tʰaʔan ʔohoyo And its leaves also make tea for colds. underlying form: tiʔan/ ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tiʔanʼa   n. was sunk. underlying form: #tiʔi· -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tiʔe·hiyaw   n. sinking place. underlying form: #tiʔi· -hiy -aw. Morph: consequent adjunctive locative case.

tiʔe·niʔaw   n. sinking place. underlying form: #tiʔi· -n- -aw. Morph: medio-passive locative.

tiʔe·niʔiy   n. sinker. underlying form: #tiʔi· -n- -ʔiy. Morph: medio-passive consequent adjunctive.

tiʔi   v. will sink. tiʔiʔ hiʔ It's going to sink. underlying form: #tiʔi· -0. Morph: future.

tiʔši   v. sank. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ši. Morph: aorist. See: teʔe·ši.

tiʔta   v. make it sink. ʔowon xiŋ tiʔta Sink this boat! underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

tiʔta/   v-theme. make x sink. imperative: tiʔta. passive aorist: teʔe·tatʰ. dubitative: teʔe·tat. indirective: te·ʔataštʰi. indirective: te·ʔataštʰiš. underlying form: #tiʔi· -ta. Morph: causatiive.

tiʔtiʔ   v. sink over and over. underlying form: tiʔtiʔ/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tiʔtiʔ/   v-theme. sink repeatedly. imperative: tiʔtiʔ. aorist: tiʔtiʔši.

tiʔtiʔši   v. sunk over and over. underlying form: tiʔtiʔ/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

ti·miti·mi/   v-theme. think. imperative: temtim. aorist: temtimši. neutral verbal noun: temtam. reflexive-reciprocal: timitmiwša·tʰa. future: time·tim. neutral agentive: time·timičʼ. consequent adjunctive: time·timhiy. durative present: timetmat. durative aorist: timetmaš. causative: timiʔta. indirective: temšitʰši.

tɨʔasanʼa   n. that which was made. ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ kʼipʼewʼ tɨʔašanʼa pʰo·taŋi And they make the cradle strap from beads. tɨʔasanʼa kʰorisin biya Coor's beer (beer that was made by Coor's). underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tɨʔasčʰinat   v. want to make. ʔamaʔ hičʰa tʰihinʼ tɨʔasčʰinat tʼepʰna And if they want to make acorn mush, underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tɨʔa·sitʰ   v. made by x. našo·šu nim tɨʔa·sitʰ It was made by my mother. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tɨʔə·sɨčʼ   n. maker. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tɨʔɨču   n. clean.

tɨʔɨs   v. make! tɨʔɨs pʰita Make a road! underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -0. Morph: imperative.

tɨʔɨs/   n-theme. making. accusative: tɨʔsa. locative: tɨʔsaw. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun theme.

tɨʔɨsaŋiṭʰ   v. being made. hawtaw kʼačʼaw tɨʔɨsaŋiṭʰ When they make the basket. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

tɨʔɨsŋɨṭʰ   v. will be made by x. našo·šo nihiʔ tɨʔɨsŋiṭʰ It will be made by my mother. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tɨʔɨsšatʰ   v. will make for. hanʼtʰa ʔam pʰisa·ʔat yow hičʰa ʔaŋiṭʰwat tʰaŋ tɨʔɨsšatʰ If they do not want to doctor then their dream makes them. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -šatʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

tɨʔɨsšaw   v. when made. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ ʔotʼyit xew ʔanikʼ kʰulša tɨʔɨsšaw And they put it there when they make a cross. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -šaw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tɨʔɨsšɨ   v. made. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ puyʼimhay ʔočay ʔan tɨʔɨsšɨ And they both made pretty designs. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -šɨ. Morph: aorist.

tɨʔɨsta   v. make x make. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ta. Morph: causative.

tɨʔɨsʔɨy   v. making place. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

tɨʔɨšiš   v. maker. xotʰoʔ tɨʔɨšiš rain maker. See: tɨʔɨs 'to make'.

tɨʔsa   n. making. hawšun tʰaw ʔanikʼ hawitnay ʔanikʼ tʰaw hiyʼa tʰaŋ tɨʔsa ʔanikʼ ʔohoʔot ʔalinaʔ Later they get however much they want to make their flour. underlying form: tɨʔɨs/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tɨʔsaw   n. making there. underlying form: tɨʔɨs/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tɨʔsištʰaš   v. made for x. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ištʰa -š. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tɨʔsɨn   v. will make. wi tɨʔsɨn mayʼ We all will make it. ʔam wɨxnat ʔinšiš piye·na tʰihinʼ mayʼin pʼaʔanʼa wi tɨʔsɨn mayʼ ʔanikʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ That is not good, they will eat up all our land, we must make the people their hands. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -in. Morph: future.

tɨʔsɨštʰaš   v. was making for x. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -ɨšt -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tɨʔsɨwšaš   v. made by each other. hiyam ʔopʰiš tɨʔsɨwšaš The moon is already making (rings). Anth: This is an indication that it will rain. underlying form: #tɨʔɨs -iwša -š. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

-to   afx. repetitive. Morph: repetitive.

-to   afx. causative. Morph: causative.

točixiwšaš   v. were scaring each other. underlying form: #to·čox -iwša -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

točoxčʰinat   v. want to scare. underlying form: #to·čox -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

točoxhonʼ   n. being scared. točoxhonʼ naʼ nim ʔoho·ʔot I want to be scared. underlying form: #to·čox -honʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun nominative case.

točoxhonʼo   n. being scared by x. underlying form: #to·čox -honʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

točoxni   v. will be scared. ximawmaw hiʔ točoxni He will be scared. underlying form: #to·čox -in -i. Morph: medio-passive future.

točoxnʼo   n. one who is being scared. underlying form: #to·čox -in -ʔ...a. Morph: medio-passive consequent agentive.

točoxšitʰaš   v. was scaring for x. underlying form: #to·čox -šitʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist. Variant: točxištʰaš.

točoxto   v. scare repeatedly! underlying form: točocto/ -0. Morph: imperative.

točoxto/   v-theme. scare repeatedly. imperative: točoxto. future: točoxtot. underlying form: #to·čox -to. Morph: repetitive.

točoxtot   v. will scare repeatedly. underlying form: točoxto/-t. Morph: future.

točoxʔiy   n. scary place. underlying form: #to·čox -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

točoʔxo   v. make scared! underlying form: #to·čox -a. Morph: causative.

točo·xičʼ   n. one who scares. underlying form: #to·čox -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

točo·xinši   v. was scared. točo·xinši naʔ I got scared. underlying form: #to·čox -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

točo·xoš   v. was scaring. underlying form: #to·čox -oš. Morph: durative aorist.

točo·xot   v. is scaring. underlying form: #to·čox -ot. Morph: durative present.

točxin   v. will scare. točxin naʔ mam hiʔ I am going to scare you. underlying form: #to·čox -in. Morph: future.

točxištʰaš   v. was scaring for x. underlying form: #to·čox -ištʰa -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist. Variant: točoxšitʰaš.

točxitʰ   v. was scared by. ha·ʔin maʔ točxitʰ What was it that scared you? underlying form: #to·čox -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

točxo   v. scared. underlying form: #to·čox -o. Morph: nominative case. Phon: [točʰxo]

točxot   v. might scare. underlying form: #to·čox -ot. Morph: dubitative.

tokʼowʼiničʼ   v. one who always gets pregnant. underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tokʼowʼnoš   v. was getting pregnant. underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tokʼowʼonʼo   v. was already getting pregnant. ʔamaʔ hiyam tokʼowʼonʼo And she was already pregnant. underlying form: #tokʼowʼ -ʔ...onʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tokʼtat   v. bury. ʔamaʔ tʰihin hapasaw yow tokʼtat And they bury it in ashes. underlying form: #tukʼut -at. Morph: durative present.

tokʼwʼin/   v-theme. get pregnant. imperative: tukʼwʼin. durative aorist: tokʼowʼnoš. aorist: tukʼwʼinši. future: tokʼwʼon. neutral verbal noun: tukʼiwʼna. neutral agentive: tokʼowʼiničʼ. adjunctive: tukʼiwʼnit. underlying form: #tokʼowʼ -in. Morph: medio-passive.

tokʼwʼon   v. will get pregnant. underlying form: #tokʼowʼ -on. Morph: future.

tomotʰ/   n. mountain, east. nominative: tumitʰ. accusative: tomtʰo. genitive: tumtʰin. dative: tomtʰoŋ. ablative: tomtʰonitʰ. locative: tomtʰow. Pl: tumitʰhat. Pl: tume·tʰi. resident: tumʼtʰinʼin. Note: Related languages Yawelmani lomit, Chukchansi tululʼ Chukchansi tulul (NAS)

tomtʰo   n. mountain. domtʰo hatixinitʰ The mountain was climbed. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -o. Morph: accusative case.

tomtʰonitʰ   n. away from the mountain. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -onitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

tomtʰoŋ   n. mountain. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -oŋ. Morph: dative case.

tomtʰow   n. (to the, on the) mountain. ʔaŋaṭʰwat ʔan tʰaŋ hawaʔtʰa tomtʰow xoʔo·xiʔ Her dream told her that she was on the mountain. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ pučʼo·ŋa ʔan hantʰaw hičʰa čʰuŋo·huy tʰaŋ tomtʰow tʰan And he says to his son "quit going over the hill". Morph: locative case.

tomtʰow   n. east. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -ow. Morph: locative case.

toŋta   n. hooting. underlying form: #toŋot -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

toŋtoš   v. was ringing. underlying form: #toŋot -oš. Morph: durative aorist.

toŋtot   v. is ringing. underlying form: #toŋot -ot. Morph: durative present.

toŋtʰum   n. dinner. underlying form: toŋtʰum/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

toŋtʰum/   n-theme. dinner. nominative: toŋtʰum. accusative: toŋtʰuma.

toŋtʰuma   n. dinner. underlying form: toŋtʰum/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

toppol   n. jackrabbit. underlying form: toppol/ -0. Morph: nominative, accusative, locative case. Variant: toppot.

toppol/   n-theme. jackrabbit. Variant: toppʰut. nominative: toppol. accusative: toppol. genitive: toppolin. dative: toppolŋi. ablative: toppolnitʰ. locative: toppol. Pl: tuppelwayʼi. intensive possessor: tuppiyin. Note: Related language Yawelmani topʰol 'large rabbit'

toppolin   n. jackrabbit's. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tɨʔɨsšat tʰiwin yowwe·ʔi toppolin čʼutya And they made it from cottontail or sometimes jackrabbit skin. underlying form: toppol/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

toppolnitʰ   n. jackrabbit (away from the ...) underlying form: toppol/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

toppolŋi   n. jackrabbit. underlying form: toppol/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

toppot   n. jackrabbit. Variant: toppol.

topʰiṭʰ/   n-theme. fish. nominative: tupʰiṭʰ. nominative: tupʰicʰ. accusative: tupʰṭʰa. genitive: topʰṭʰin. Note: Related languages Yawelamni lopʰiṭʰ Chukchansi lopʰis (NAS)

topʰoṭʰšitʰat   v. fishing for. underlying form: topʰoṭʰ/ -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

topʰoṭʰtit   v. fishing. underlying form: topʰoṭʰto/ -it. Morph: durative present.

topʰoṭʰtitčʼa   n. fisherman. hawtaw hewtʰat ye·tʼaw topʰoṭʰtitčʼa ʔama ʔam ʔinšiš When he's around the fisherman, then it is no good. underlying form: to·pʰoṭʰto/ -t -ičʼ -a. Morph: future neutral agentive accusative case.

topʰoṭʰto/   v-theme. fishing. aorist: topʰṭʰutši. durative present: topʰoṭʰtit. neutral agentive: topʰoṭʰtitčʼa. underlying form: topʰoṭʰ/ -to. Morph: causative.

topʰo·ṭʰ/   v-theme. to fish. future: topʰo·tʰit. causative: topʰoṭʰto/. indirective: topʰoṭʰšitʰat.

topʰo·ṭʰit   v. will go fishing. topʰo·ṭʰit makʼ Let's you and I go fishing. underlying form: topʰoṭʰ/ -t. Morph: future.

topʰṭʰa   n. fish. ʔam mayʼ hiʔ ṭʰo·kʰin topʰṭa We won't catch any fish. underlying form: topʰoṭʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case. Variant: topʰṭʰu.

topʰṭʰin   n. fish's. underlying form: topʰiṭʰ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

topʰṭʰu   n. fish. yow hantaw haya·tiw natʰetʰ nimikʼ ʔam čʼowʼhiy kʼačʰnʼayʼay ṭʰukʰo·ʔat topʰṭʰu Also in summer when our father wasn't working, we would be fishing, catching fish. underlying form: topʰiṭʰ/ -o. Morph: accusative case. Variant: topʰṭʰa.

topʰṭʰutši   v. was fishing. underlying form: topʰoṭʰto/-ši. Morph: aorist.

toš   v. tell! toš tʰaŋ Tell him! underlying form: #to·šo -0. Morph: imperative.

tošhočʰinat   v. wants to tell. tošhočʰinat nan witaʔaŋ He wants to tell me something. underlying form: #to·šo -hočʰin -at. Morph: desiderative.

tošši   v. told. tošši naʔ napʰtʰimhaŋ I told you about my sons-in-law. underlying form: #to·šo -ši. Morph: aorist.

tošʔin   v. when told. underlying form: #to·šo -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tot   v. quit! underlying form: to·to/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tot   v. will allow. tot naʔ min hiʔ tuya I'll let you eat. underlying form: to·to/ -0. Morph: future.

totohčʰinat   v. want to allow. underlying form: #to·ʔot -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

toto·tʰo   v. is allowing. underlying form: to·to -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

totšu   v. hung. naʔ tʰaŋ totšu I hung it. underlying form: #tu·tu -šu. Morph: aorist.

totto   v. make allow, make quit. totto mam ʔan pʼinʼʔaš Let it sting you! totto nim tiʔan Let me sink! totto nim tuyʔaš Let me eat! toʔotto nim tʰaŋitʰ Let me go! underlying form: to·to/ -to -0. Morph: causative imperative.

tottoš   v. made x allow. underlying form: #to·ʔot -to -š. Morph: causative durative aorist.

totʔoš   v. allowing. underlying form: to·to/ -ʔoš. Morph: precative gerundial.

towiṭʼ   v. go. towiṭʼ tapʰay Go, pick clover! towiṭʼ kʰaw Go home!

towon/   v-theme. attend a celebration. neutral verbal noun: towonaw. Note: Related language Yawelmani lowon 'attend a feast'

tox   v. spill!, pour! tox tʰaŋ ʔitkʼa Spill the water! ʔam hiʔ tʰa tox ʔitkʼa Don't spill the water! underlying form: #toxo -0. Morph: imperative.

toxhon/   v-theme. spilled by. durative present: toxhontʰo. underlying form: #toxo -hon. Morph: passive.

toxhonto   v. was spilled. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tʰaŋ ʔitkʼin toxhontʰo I saw the water that was spilling. underlying form: toxin/ -hon -ta. Morph: passive causative.

toxin/   v-theme. poured, spilled. aorist: toxinši. durative present: toxnat. durative aorist: toxnaš. future: tuxin. underlying form: #toxo -in. Morph: medio-passive.

toxinši   v. spilled. toxinši ʔitikʼ The water spilled. hin tʰa ʔitikʼ toxinši Did the water spill? underlying form: toxin/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

toxmatʰi   n. bunch of rocks.

toxnaš   v. was spilling. toxnaš tʰa ʔitikʼ The water was spilling. underlying form: toxin/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

toxnat   v. spilling. ʔitikʼ toxnat The water is spilling. ʔam ʔitikʼ toxnat The water isn't spilling. underlying form: toxin/ -at. Morph: durative present.

toxoʔonʼo   n. that which was spilled. toxoʔonʼo tʰa ʔitikʼ čʼičʼikʼ The water that spilled is cold. underlying form: #toxo -ʔhonʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun nominative case.

toxšu   v. poured, spilled. toxšu ʔitkʼa tʰa lame·saw I spilled water on the table. underlying form: #toxo -ši. Morph: aorist.

toʔan   n. game, playing. yow mukʼišhin toʔan It was a woman's game. natʰe·tʰin nim ʔə·kʼaš ʔanikʼ toʔan My father saw their playing. underlying form: #tuʔu· -an. Morph: neutral verbal noun genitive case.

toʔon   n. playing. tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ nay milikʰaniʔin toʔon They play on it like the white person's game. underlying form: toʔon/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

toʔon/   n-theme. playing. nominative: toʔon. locative: toʔonaw.

toʔonaw   n. celebration. underlying form: toʔon/ aw. Morph: locative case. See: tuwniwiš.

toʔoṭʼ   n. head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

toʔoṭʼ/   n-theme. head. nominative: toʔoṭʼ. accusative: toʔoṭʼa. genitive: toʔṭʼin. dative: toʔṭʼoŋ. ablative: toʔṭʼonitʰ. locative: toʔṭʼow. Pl: tuʔiṭʼhat. intensive possessor: tuʔṭʼiyin. intensive possessor: tuʔṭʼiṭʼin.

toʔoṭʼa   n. head. yow tʰaw xo·ʔoxiʔ mayʼ ʔanikʼ toʔoṭʼa ʔanikʼ ʔotʼoy And that is where they put their human heads. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ -a. Morph: accusative case.

toʔo·šu   v. play, was playing. ʔam naʔ tʰaŋ wɨxnat toʔo·šu I didn't play it very much. underlying form: #tuʔu· -šu. Morph: aorist.

toʔta   v. play, made x play. toʔta tʰaʔ I made him play. underlying form: toʔta/ -0. Morph: causative imperative. Variant: tuʔta.

toʔta/   v-theme. make play. imperative: toʔta. aorist: toʔtaš. durative: toʔta·tʰa. underlying form: #tuʔuʔ -ta. Morph: causative.

toʔtaš   v. play, made x play. underlying form: toʔta/ -aš. Morph: causative aorist.

toʔta·tʰa   v. making play. underlying form: #toʔta/ -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

toʔṭʼin   n. head's. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ in. Morph: genitive case. Variant: tuʔṭʼin.

toʔṭʼonitʰ   n. away from the head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ -onitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

toʔṭʼoŋ   n. head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ -oŋ. Morph: dative case.

toʔṭʼow   n. on the head. yow tʰihinʼ ʔam ʔanikʼ toʔṭʼow kʼoykʼat They don't scratch their head. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ toʔṭʼow ʔanikʼ šuŋo·tot tʰaŋ ṭʰe·ʔiw Then they carry it home on their head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ -ow. Morph: locative case.

to·čix   v. scare! to·čix tʰaŋ Scare him! underlying form: #to·čox -0. Morph: imperative.

to·čixši   v. scared. to·čixši maʔ nan You scared me. wɨxat naʔ tʰaŋ to·čixši I scared him a lot. underlying form: #to·čox -ši. Morph: aorist.

to·čixtʰin   v. being scared by x. to·čixtʰin nim being scared by me. underlying form: #to·čox -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

to·čixʔaš   v. let x be scared. underlying form: #to·čox -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

to·čoxin   v. being scared. ʔamaʔ tʰašti hiṭʼwa·yoʔ yawa·tit tʰaw tʰihinʼ ʔam to·čoxin Then the evil spirit follows them if they don't get scared. to·čoxin tʰa·ši It was scared. underlying form: #to·čox -in. Morph: medio-passive.

to·čoxintʰa   v. being scared. yow hičʰa tʰihinʼ to·čoxintʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti čʰɨxa·čʰantʰa Or if they get scared then it makes them sick. underlying form: #to·čox -in -tʰa. Morph: medio-passive durative present.

to·kʰin   n. full belly, fat belly.

to·matim   v. pile up. təʔsat ye·tʼaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰaw to·matim Making it with what they can get together. underlying form: #tumu -0. Morph: durative present.

to·šin   v. will tell. underlying form: #to·šo -in. Morph: future.

to·to/   v-theme. allow, quit, leave. let go, untie. imperative: tot. aorist: to·toš. causative: totto. causative: tottoš. durative present: toto·tʰo. durative present: tute·ʔat. durative aorist: tute·ʔaš. desiderative: totohčʰinat. future: tot. future: to·tot. precative gerunidal: totʔoš. Note: Related language Yawelmani lolʼo

to·toš   v. allowed. to·toš naʔ ʔan tʰaŋ piya I let him finish it. underlying form: to·to/ -oš. Morph: aorist.

to·tot   v. will allow. to·tot naʔ mam hiʔ I'll let you do whatever. underlying form: to·to/ -t. Morph: future.

to·tun   v. will hang. naʔ hiʔ tʰaŋ to·tun I will hang it. underlying form: #tu·tu -in. Morph: future.

to·xatix   v. pour. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaw do·xatix tʰaŋ ʔan ʔipna Then they pour their flour in it. underlying form: #toxo -0. Morph: durative present. Variant: to·xotix.

to·xoštʰit   v. pouring for x. underlying form: #toxo -šitʰ -it. Morph: indirective durative present.

to·yatiy   v. eating. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ to·yatiy še·šatʰ hiyam tʰihinʼ ʔinšiš Then it is alright for them to eat meat. nahni tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰaw čʼitʼatʼ to·yatiy tʰa·ŋi ye·tʼaw yow we·ʔi hučenʼaw yičʼŋa tʰaŋ to·yatiy Sometimes they eat it with clover ot whatever or they eat it like that alone. tʰihinʼ ʔam to·yatiy se·satʰ They can't eat meat. underlying form: #tuyu -0. Morph: durative present.

to·yatuyta   v. being made to eat. ʔamaʔ tošši limkʼa tiŋta tʰihinʼ to·yatuyta And he told Praire Falcon: They are being made to eat dirt.

to·yatyaŋiṭʰ   v. was eaten by. underlying form: #tuyu -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

to·yatyaš   v. was eating. to·yatyaš naʔ I was eating. ʔupʰyiw to·yatyaš He ate all day. underlying form: #tuyu -0 -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

to·ʔamakʰin   v. sweating. to·ʔamaktin naʔ I'm sweating. See: tumkʰunšu.

to·ʔatiʔ   v. playing. tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ nay milikʰaniʔin toʔon They play on it like the white person's game. underlying form: #tuʔu· -0. Morph: durative present.

to·ʔatʔaš   v. played. underlying form: #tuʔu· -0 -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tučay   n. Duck species.

tukʼiwʼna   n. getting pregnant. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim tukʼiwʼna I want to get pregnant. underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

tukʼiwʼnit   n. place to get pregnant. underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -it. Morph: adjunctive.

tukʼtaw   n. at the burying. underlying form: #tukʼut -0 -aw. Morph: neutral verbal noun locative case.

tukʼtun   v. will bury. underlying form: #tukʼut -un. Morph: future.

tukʼtuŋiṭʰ   n. will be buried by x. underlying form: #tukʼut -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tukʼtuštʰaš   v. buried for x. underlying form: #tukʼut -ištʰ -aš. Morph: indirective aorist.

tukʼutšu   v. buried. underlying form: #tukʼut -šu. Morph: aorist.

tukʼwʼin   v. get pregnant! underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tukʼwʼinši   v. got pregnant. underlying form: tokʼwʼin/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tumatʰi   n. tomato. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰoma·tiʔ (NAS) From: English tomato.

tumetʰhi   n. mountains. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tumetʰhi I saw the mountains. underlying form: tume·tʰi/ -h- -i. Morph: plural accusative case.

tumetʰhin   n. mountains'. underlying form: tume·tʰi/ -h- -in. Morph: plural genitive case.

tumetʰhinitʰ   n. (away from the) mountains. underlying form: tume·tʰi/ -h- -initʰ. Morph: plural ablative case.

tumetʰhiŋ   n. mountains. underlying form: tume·tʰi/ -h- -iŋ. Morph: plural dative case.

tumetʰhiw   n. (at the) mountains. underlying form: tume·tʰi/ -h- -iw. Morph: plural locative case.

tume·tʰi   n. mountains. tume·tʰi waʔ xo·ʔoxiʔ The mountains are far away. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -i. Morph: plural nominative case. Variant: tumitʰhat.

tume·tʰi/   n. mountains. nominative: tume·tʰi. accusative: tumetʰhi. genitive: tumetʰhin. dative: tumetʰhiŋ. ablative: tumetʰhinitʰ. locative: tumetʰhiw. resident: tumʼtʰinʼin. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -i. Morph: plural. Variant: tumitʰhat.

tumitʰ   n. mountain, hill. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tumitʰhat   n. mountains. ʔačʰew xo·ʔoxiʔ tumitʰhat The mountains are close together. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -hat. Morph: plural nominative case. Variant: tume·tʰi.

tumkʰun   n. sweat. underlying form: tumkʰun/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tumkʰun/   n-theme. sweat. nominative: tumkʰun. locative: tumukʰnaw. aorist: tumkʰunšu. See: to·ʔamakʰin. Note: Related language Chukchansi sumkʼun (NAS)

tumkʰunšu   v. sweated. underlying form: tumkʰun/ -šu. Morph: aorist.

tumo·na   v. will pile up. underlying form: #tumu -o·na. Morph: future.

tumšu   v. piled up. underlying form: #tumu -šu. Morph: aorist.

tumtʰin   n. mountain's. hutaʔšaš tumtʰin po·kʰit The mountain's spring was running. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tumukʰnaw   n. at the sweating place. hiya·mʼu tʰaŋ hiyamxay keṭʼnat ʔinšiš tumukʰnaw kʼamona·tʰa kʼawkʼawṭʰiʔin hitew tʰanši Long ago the old people put it under their arm for sweating, it takes away the smell. underlying form: tumkʰun/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tumʼo·tumʼučʼ   n. woodrat. ʔamaʔ hačʼum koyuma pʰata·tatʰ yow humʼut yow tumʼtʰinʼin humʼut ʔamaʔ yow tumʼo·tumʼučʼ There were young girls, woodpecker and quail, also mountain quail and also woodrat. See: tumu "to pile up".

tumʼtʰinʼin   n. person from the mountains, eastener. ʔamaʔ hačʼum koyuma pʰata·tatʰ yow humʼut yow tumʼtʰinʼin humʼut ʔamaʔ yow tumʼo·tumʼučʼ There were young girls, woodpecker and quail, also mountain quail and also woodrat. underlying form: tomotʰ/ -ʼ...inʼin. Morph: resident.

tuŋit   v. will ring. tuŋit hiʔ It will ring. underlying form: #toŋot -0. Morph: future.

tuŋitši   v. ringing. underlying form: #toŋot -ši. Morph: aorist.

tuppelwayʼi   n. jackrabbits. underlying form: toppol/ -wayʼ -i. Morph: plurtal nominative case.

tuppiyin   n. someone with lots of jackrabbits. underlying form: toppol/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

tupʰicʰ   n. fish. underlying form: topʰiṭʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: tupʰiṭʰ.

tupʰiṭʰ   n. fish. underlying form: topʰiṭʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: tupʰicʼ.

tupʰṭʰa   n. fish. underlying form: topʰiṭʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tustus/   n-theme. rubbed on, something that has been rubbed on. acquisitive: tustusna/.

tustusna/   v-theme. being rubbed on. durative present: tustusnat. durative aorist: tustusnaš. future: tustusnate·na. underlying form: tustus/ -na. Morph: acquisitive.

tustusnaš   v. was rubbed on. underlying form: tustusna/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tustusnat   v. is rubbing on. underlying form: tustusna/ -at. Morph: durative present.

tustusnate·na   v. will be rubbed on. underlying form: tustusna/ -i·na. Morph: future.

tušaʔa   v. one who used to tell. hiʔ yow čaʔaʔpa ʔam tušaʔa tʰaŋ čʼaʔapa ʔam tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʼaxa·nat And some do not -- they were told about it by some others and they are not scared by it. underlying form: #to·šo -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

tuše·ʔaš   v. let x tell. tuše·ʔaš naʔ mam nim natʰitʰmamŋi Let me tell you about my deceased father. underlying form: #to·šo -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

tuše·ʔaš   v. told. tuše·ʔaš naʔ mam wite·ʔi tʰa I told you who they were. tuše·ʔaš naʔ mam ʔan ʔoša I told you about his stealing. underlying form: #to·šo -ʔaš. Morph: durative aorist.

tuše·ʔat   v. telling. ʔamaʔ tʰaw nan yow tʰaw tuše·ʔat ʔan ʔɨtəm Then he tells me his story again there. underlying form: #to·šo -at. Morph: durative present.

tute·ʔaŋiṭʰ   v. is being untied. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ witʰiphat to·ʔatiʔ mitʰis pohoṭʰʔun tʰaw tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ tute·ʔaŋiṭʰ And that is what the babies play with until they get older when they are first untied. underlying form: to·to/ -ʔ- -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

tute·ʔaš   v. was allowing. tute·ʔas ʔan tʰanŋiṭʰ The let him go. underlying form: to·to/ -ʔaš. Morph: durative aorist.

tute·ʔat   v. allowing, leaving. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tute·ʔat They leave it up there. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šiymanutʰa šiyamunšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit hawaw ʔanikʼ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tute·ʔat Then they dry it, when it is dry they put it and leave it in whatever {container} they have. underlying form: to·to/ -at. Morph: durative present.

tuto·šutʰ   v. will hang for x. tuto·šutʰ naʔ mam hiʔ I will hang it for you. underlying form: #tu·tu -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

tuttaš   v. made x stop. Morph: causative aorist. Note: related to to·to/ allow, quit, leave?

tuṭʼe·/   v-theme. get bad, ruin. durative aorist: tuṭʼe·ʔaš. durative present: tuṭʼe·ʔat. neutral verbal noun: tuṭʼi. neutral verbal noun: tuṭʼe·ʔašiw. causative inchoative: tuṭʼe·yatʰaʔ. Note: Related language Yawelmani toṭʼi

tuṭʼe·yatʰaʔ   v. ruins. yow tʰihinʼ ʔam ʔanikʼ toʔṭʼow kʼoykʼat meʔči tuṭʰe·yatʰaʔ ʔanikʼ ʔoṭʼow They don't scratch their head because it ruins their hair. underlying form: tuṭʼe·/ -ya -tʰa. Morph: causative inchoative durative present.

tuṭʼe·ʔaš   v. getting bad. underlying form: tuṭʼe·/ -ʔ- -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tuṭʼe·ʔašiw   n. when bad. tuṭʼe·ʔašiw ʔan When it gets bad. underlying form: tuṭʼe·/ -ʔa -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tuṭʼe·ʔat   v. getting bad. underlying form: tuṭʼe·/ -ʔ- -at. Morph: durative present.

tuṭʼi   n. bad. čʰə·šaš wɨxnat tuṭʼi The dog is very bad. underlying form: tuṭʼe·/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tuṭʼpisin   n. ugly. See: tuṭʼi 'bad'. Note: Related language Yawelmani toṭʼpiṣin

tuwniwiš   n. celebration. underlying form: tuwniwiš/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tuwniwiš/   n-theme. celebration, feast. nominative: tuwniwiš. locative: tuwniwišaw. underlying form: towon/ -iwš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal verbal noun. See: towonaw.

tuwniwšaw   n. at the celebration. underlying form: tuwniwiš/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tuwuxhan   n. brown bears. underlying form: tuwxun/ -h- an. Morph: non-singular plural.

tuwxun   n. brown bear. underlying form: tuwxun/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tuwxun/   n-theme. brown bear, cinnamon bear. nominative: tuwxun. Pl: tuwuxhan. Ursus arctos.

tuxin   v. will spill. ʔitikʼ tʰa tuxin The water sill spill. underlying form: toxin/ -0. Morph: future.

tuy   v. eat! underlying form: tuy/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tuy   n. food. ʔamaʔ yow pʰutʰsa maxa·ʔat tʰa nimikʼ hiya·mʼu tuy And also get acorns, that was our food long ago. ʔamaʔ tʰa hiyam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ tuy And it is good for their food. underlying form: tuy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tuy/   n. food. nominative: tuy. accusative: tuya. dative: tuyaŋ. intensive possessor: tuyʔuyun. underlying form: #tuyu -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tuya   n. eating, food. kʰuy min tuya Salt your food. ʔukun naʔ ʔaypʰun teyaw nim tuya I will drink first before I eat. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan tuya I saw it eating. yow hičʰa maʔ ʔoho·ʔot nimikʼ ʔitkʼa ʔotʼoy tʰaw tuya min Or if you want to put water there with your food. underlying form: tuy/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tuyaŋ   n. food. ʔamaʔ tʰanši tʰašti ʔačʼew ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰuhnaš tuyaŋ ʔanikʼ witʰep wittʰa tʰihinʼ to·yatiy Then he went near them and they spat food the were eating on the boy. underlying form: tuy/ -ŋ. Morph: dative case.

tuyat   v. might eat. maʔ naʔas tuyat You should eat. underlying form: #tuyu -at. Morph: dubitative.

tuyhačʰinat   v. wanting to eat. tuyhačʰinat naʔ I want to eat. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰa tuyhačʰinat When they want to eat anything. underlying form: #tuyu -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tuyhan   v. being eaten by. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan tuyhan I saw it being eaten. underlying form: #tuyu -han. Morph: passive.

tuyŋuṭʰ   v. will be eaten by someone. tuy xiʔ ʔam tuyŋuṭʰ This food can't be eaten. underlying form: #tuyu -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tuyoʔčʼu   n. eater. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -i. Morph: neutral agentive accusative case.

tuyoʔčʼun   n. eater's. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -in. Morph: neutral agentive genitive case.

tuyoʔčʼunutʰ   n. away from the eater. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -initʰ. Morph: neutral agentive ablative case.

tuyoʔčʼuŋ   n. eater. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -iŋ. Morph: neutral agentive dative case.

tuyoʔčʼuw   n. eto the eater. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -iw. Morph: neutral agentive locative case.

tuyo·huy   v. eating place, food supply. ʔamaʔ našuš nimikʼ wɨxi ʔan ṭʰokʰšiw šiymanutʰa tʰa tomoxšiw nimikʼ tuyo·huy Then our mother would dry most of his catch, that was our winter food. underlying form: #tuyu -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

tuyo·na   v. will eat. hičʰa nihiʔ tuyo·na I might eat. he·čʰiʔ naʔ tuyo·na I'll eat now. hinwitʔin nihiʔ tuyo·na hiyamxaš I don't know if I will eat tomorrow. underlying form: #tuyu -o·na. Morph: future.

tuyo·ʔučʼ   n. eater. jan xew tʰaxinši tuyo·ʔučʼ John came here to eat. underlying form: tuyo·ʔučʼ/ -0. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tuyo·ʔučʼ/   n. eater. nominative: tuyo·ʔučʼ. accusative: tuyoʔčʼu. genitive: tuyoʔčʼun. dative: tuyoʔčʼuŋ. ablative: tuyoʔčʼunutʰ. locative: tuyoʔčʼuw. underlying form: #tuyu -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

tuyšiw   v. when x eats. tuyšiw janin ʔaypʰun nihiʔ tʰahan After John eats, I will go. ʔaypʰun janin tuyšiw (ʔamaʔ) hiʔ mari tʰahan After John eats (then) Mary will go. underlying form: #tuyu -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tuyšu   v. ate. tuyšu naʔ pana I ate the bread. tuyšu tʰaŋ waʔa hiwetʰʔin He ate while he was walking a long way. underlying form: #tuyu -šu. Morph: aorist.

tuyšutʰ   v. eat with! kʰuyoŋ tuyšutʰ Eat salt with it! underlying form: #tuyu -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective imperative.

tuyta   v. make eat. tuyta nan Make me eat. tuyta tʰaŋ Make him eat. underlying form: #tuyu -ta. Morph: causative.

tuyta/   v-theme. make eat, feed. durative present: tuyta·tʰa. durative aorist: tuytatʰa·ši. aorist: tuytaš. future: tuytat. passive gerundial: tuytatʰin. non-directive gerundial: tuytašiw. passive future: tuytaŋiṭʰ. underlying form: #tuyu -ta/. Morph: causative.

tuytaŋiṭʰ   v. will be made to eat. ho·wiʔ mine·ṭʼit witʰiphat nahni yetʼ pʼaʔanʼa poŋoy pʼaʔanʼa yow nahni čʰawpʰaw yitʼšiŋta ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ tuytaŋiṭʰ ʔanikʼ tʰaw witʔin hiyam to·yatiy ʔamaʔ hetʰtʰa yow mine·ṭʼit Yes, they nurse their babies sometimes one year, two years, or sometimes continuously for five years they feed them even if the are already eating they still nurse them. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: causative passive future.

tuytaš   v. fed. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -aš. Morph: causative aorist.

tuytašiw   v. when x feeds. janin tuytašiw mari nihiʔ tʰahan When John feeds Mary, I'll go. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -šiw. Morph: causative non-directive gerundial.

tuytat   v. will feed. tuytat naʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ I'll get him to eat. čʰa tʰihinʼ tuytat ʔanikʼ kɨʔya yow tʰihinʼ mayʼa čʰan tuyo·na še·əšatʰ Soon they will feed their face washer and soon they the people will eat meat. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -t. Morph: causative future.

tuytatʰaš   v. made x eat repetitively. tuytatʰaš naʔ tʰaŋ wɨxat I made him eat several times. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -tʰa -š. Morph: causative repetitive aorist.

tuytatʰa·ši   v. was feeding. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -tʰa -ši. Morph: causative durative aorist.

tuytatʰin   v. when fed by. janin nihiʔ tuytatʰin tʰahan When John feeds me I'll go. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -tʰin. Morph: causative passice gerundial.

tuytaʔe·čʼa   n. feeder. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tʰaŋ mayʼa tuytaʔe·čʼa I the saw the person who fed me. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -ʔ- -ičʼ -a. Morph: causative neutral agentive accusative case.

tuyta·tʰa   v. making x eat, feeding x. nahni pʰisa·ʔat čʰɨxɨčʰina ʔan kʰamʼa tʰoyonʼow tʰihin tuyta·tʰa ṭʰaʔaṭʰi yow kʰo·pʰi Sometimes his dancing at night is for a sick person, they feed the people including coffee. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

tuytiʔičʼ   n. feeder. tuytiʔičʼ nan tʰa mayʼ tʰanši The person who fed me left. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -ʔ- -ičʼ. Morph: causative neutral agentive nominative case.

tuytiʔin   v. after feeding. mari tuytiʔin nan hiʔ tʰahan After Mary feeds me she will go. underlying form: #tuyu -ta -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tuytuy   v. eat repeatedly! underlying form: ́tuyutuyu/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tuytuyšu   v. ate repeatedly. underlying form: tuyutuyu/ -šu. Morph: aorist.

tuytuywiš   v. feast. Lit: each other eating repetitively underlying form: tuyutuyu/ -wiš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal.

tuytʰun   v. being eaten. wɨxnat ʔinšiš tuytʰun ha·pʰuy It is good being eaten sweet. underlying form: #tuyu -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

tuyuštʰawšiš   v. ate each other. underlying form: #tuyu -šitʰ -iwša -iš. Morph: indirective reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist. Variant: tuyuštʰiwšiš. Note: consultant says it can be pronounced either way

tuyuštʰiwšiš   v. ate each other. po·hat tuyuštʰiwšiš The squirrels ate each other. underlying form: #tuyu -šitʰ -iwša -iš. Morph: indirective reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist. See: tuyuštʰawšis. Note: consultant says it can be pronounced either way

tuyutuyu/   v. eat repetitively. imperative: tuytuy. aorist: tuytuyšu. reflexive-reciprocal: tuytuywiš. underlying form: #tuyu + #tuyu. Morph: repeated action.

tuyutʰ   v. was eaten by x. hiyam tuyutʰ It was eaten. underlying form: #tuyu -utʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tuywit   v. making someone eat. underlying form: #tuyu -witi -0. Morph: imperative.

tuyʔaš   v. let x eat. totto ʔan tuyʔaš Let him eat!. tuyʔaš nim Let me eat! underlying form: #tuyu -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

tuyʔun   v. after eating. tuyʔun piyši He is finished eating. tuyʔun ʔaypʰun janin hiʔ tʰahan After John eats, he will go. underlying form: #tuyu -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tuyʔuyun   n. one who eats all the time. wɨxnat tuyʔuyun He's always eating a lot. underlying form: tuy/ -ʔ- -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

tuʔ   v. play! ʔam yakʼ xew ho·pʰutaw tuʔ Don't play in the roots. Lit: don't you two there in the roots play! Phon: note that in slower speech the final echo vowel tuʔᵘˀ tuʔᵘˀ underlying form: #tuʔu· -ʔ. Morph: imperative.

tuʔ   v. will play. underlying form: #tuʔu· -ʔ. Morph: future.

tuʔahčʰinat   v. play, want to play. underlying form: #tuʔu· -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative.

tuʔaʔa   n. player who is finished playing. underlying form: #tuʔu· -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

tuʔiṭʼhat   n. heads. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ -hat. Morph: plural.

tuʔo·hiy   n. playing place, playing thing. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ xoʔ ʔanikʼ kʼačʼaw tɨʔasanʼa tuʔo·hiy ʔanikʼ hoyo·ʔoš ʔan kʰayʼo·ṭʰuʔ And they have their playing basket made, it is called kayowtu. underlying form: #tuʔu· -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

tuʔo·ʔučʼ   v. player. underlying form: #tuʔu· -ʔučʼ. Morph: neutral agentive. Phon: the initial [t] not prominent in this example

tuʔta   v. make x play! underlying form: #tuʔu· -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative. Variant: toʔta.

tuʔte·ʔat   v. is allowing. underlying form: #to·ʔot -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

tuʔṭʼin   n. head's. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case. Variant: toʔṭʼin.

tuʔṭʼiṭʼin   n. big head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor. Variant: tuʔṭʼiyin.

tuʔṭʼiyin   n. big head. underlying form: toʔoṭʼ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor. Variant: tuʔṭʼiṭʼin.

-tʰ   afx. passive aorist. Morph: passive aorist.

tʰa   dem-prn. that, the. tʰa witaʔa doing something. xi ʔan tʰa ʔo·šutʰ This is the one he stole. underlying form: tʰa·/ -0. Morph: singular nominative case.

tʰa   dem-prn. her, him, it. wowtuyuʔ tʰa I wil stop it. underlying form: tʰa·/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

-tʰa   afx. durative present. Morph: durative present.

tʰahan   v. will go, go. wiša nihiʔ tʰahan I will go later. tʰahan nihiʔ mam ye·tʼaw I will go together with you. Morph: future.

tʰakʰakʰnʼaʔ   n. Mountain and Valley quail. Variant: tʰakʰna. Oreortyx pictus. Note: Some confusion about species. O. pictus may only refer to Mountain quail

tʰakʰaʔkʰaʔ   n. Redbud. tʰakʰaʔkʰaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔana·pʰat They are splitting Redbud. Note: pictures from Gamble Note: Cecile collecting Redbud for baskets and a close up of the Redbud stems Note: Here is Cecile's account of collecting and preparing Redbud for baskets: 0. tʰakaʔkʰaʔ 1. maxa·ʔat tʰihinʼ tʰakʰaʔkʰaʔ 2. puyuŋšiw ʔan tʰa tʰaŋ kʼiwʼišta·tʰa 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ma·xin tʰaŋ watʼa·xat 4. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ takta·tʰa yetʼ tʰoyonʼow 5. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow watʰa·xat ʔan hoŋhoŋ 6. hawtaw ʔiništʰa tixatčʰinat tʰihinʼ 7. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow hɨpʰa·ʔat hiyam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ tʰaʔan tixittʰin 8. ʔam ʔinšiš teyaw puyoŋ maxtʰin 9. kʼiwʼišta·tʰa tʰaŋ puyoŋ 10. xoʔ ʔan ṭʼayax tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ wayʼkʰat hawtaw tʰihinʼ tixatčʰinat 11. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔoho·ʔot hawit ʔanikʼ tʰaw tixtin tʰa·nitʰ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaw tʰaŋ 0. Redbud 1. They get Redbud. 2. After it frosts it makes it hard. 3. And they will take it and split it. 4. Then they make it stay over night. 5. Then they again split it's heart-wood. 6. When it is ready, they want to weave a basket. 7. Then they also scrape it and it is good to also be woven by them. 8. It is not good to get before it frosts. 9. The frost makes it hard. 10. If there are knobs where new growth comes, they clean them off when they want to weave a basket. 11. When they want to use it, they will weave away from that spot. See: tʰukʰuta 'redbud tree'.

tʰakʰa·či   n. palm of hand.

tʰakʰa·tʰiʔ   n. sourberry. Rhus trilobata (aromatica). Note: Image from commons.wikimedia.org Note: The berries of this plant are very sour but often eaten. Here is Cecile's account of sourberry: 0. tʰakʰa·tʰiʔ 1. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hayatšiw sisšiw ʔan maxa·ʔat šuyʼukʼ 2. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔan ma·xin ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ʔanikʼ pʰə·wasiw mitʼačʼ pəwsat 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witʔin ʔitkʼaŋ hokʰyat 4. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·yatiy tʰaw witʔin 5. nahni tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰaw čʼitʼatʼ to·yatiy tʰa·ŋi ye·tʼaw yow we·ʔi hučenʼaw yičʼŋa tʰaŋ to·yatiy 6. ʔamaʔ wɨxnat šuyʼukʼ nahni xoʔo·ši yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ hantʰaw hapʰuy 7. ʔamaʔ tʰa·ŋi tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hokʰyat ʔamaʔ hapʰoya·tʰa 8. kʼaṭʰu ʔanikʼ tʰa ʔašukaʔ hiya·mʼu 9. xoʔo·ši nimikʼ ʔašukiŋ ʔamaʔ naʔan hukuyʔin tʰaŋ ʔašukaŋ to·yatiy yow čaʔaʔpa tʰaŋ kʰuyoŋ hokʰyat 10. wɨxnat tʰaʔan ʔinšiš wɨxi tʰaŋ wɨxnat hetʰtʰa maxa·ʔat 0. Sourberry 1. When summer comes and when it ripens, then they get it sour. 2. They will get it and take it to their mortar and pound it slightly. 3. Then they mix it with water right away. 4. And they eat it right away like that. 5. Sometimes they eat it with clover ot whatever or they eat it like that alone. 6. And it is very sour, sometimes if they have something sweet 7. Then they mix it with that and it sweetens it. 8. They didn't have sugar long ago. 9. When we have some sugar then we mix it with that and eat it or mix it with some salt. 10. It is also very good so many still get it. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰaxa·tʰiʔ (NAS)

tʰakʰna   n. quail. Variant: tʰakʰakʰnʼa.

tʰakʰotʰat   n. rainbow. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰakʰa·lapʼ (NAS)

tʰan   v. go! tʰan ṭʼiʔiw hite·tʰaw Go anywhere. underlying form: #tʰa·na -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰan   n. going. we·ʔi wihamʼ tʰan I wish he would go. naʔ wihamʼ tʰan I wish I could go. underlying form: #tʰa·na -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

tʰanahčʰinat   v. want to be going. ʔaxčʰayʼ tʰanahčʰinat maʔ Little baby, do you want to go? underlying form: #tʰa·na -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tʰanaštʰat   v. lasts. Lit: goes for them ʔamaʔ tʰa tʰašti tʰanaštʰat waʔ kʰaʔama ʔanikʼ hiwe·tʰaw And that lasts them until they are walking. underlying form: #tʰa·na -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

tʰanaʔaš   v. was going. tʰanaʔaš naʔ I was going. tʰanaʔaš naʔ tʰaŋ ye·tʼaw I went with him. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ʔaš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʰanaʔat   v. going, leaving, going around. hitew maʔ tʰanaʔat Where are you going? ʔamaʔ naʔ tʰanaʔat And I was going. tʰanaʔat naʔ kʼaw hupʰut tʰaw nim I am going where I got the root. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

tʰana·tʰa   n. goings. ʔamaʔ tʰanši xununnay ʔan tʰana·tʰa And he went, the farthest of his goings. underlying form: #tʰa·na -0 -tʰa -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun durative accusative case.

tʰanŋiṭʰ   v. leaving, going. taŋa·ʔaš naʔ ʔan tʰaŋiṭʰ I heard him going. totto nim tʰanŋiṭʰ Let me go. underlying form: tʰa·na -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

tʰanši   v. gone, went. tʰanši hite·tʰaw They went anywhere. witaʔaw tʰihinʼ tʰanši They went somewhere. tʰaxan tʰaw nim tʰanši Someone went where I was. tʰanši naʔ mam ye·tʼaw I went together with you. hiyam naʔ tʰanši goodbye. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰanšitʰši   v. went for x. tʰanšitʰši naʔ ʔaŋṭʰuwha I went for the doctors. underlying form: #tʰa·na -šitʰ-ši. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tʰanta   v. make x go. ʔamaʔ tʰa ṭʼuxit tʰanta xoyiš kʰayʼwa ʔə·kʼaš tʰasti ṭʰaʔaṭʰi hawaʔtʰaʔ tʰihinʼ And the Eagle sent Coyote who attempted (to see) and saw how all those people were doing. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

tʰantaŋiṭʰ   v. taking. Lit: causing its going ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan tʰaŋ tʰantaŋiṭʰ I saw him taking it. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ta -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: causative predicated gerundial.

tʰantaš   v. took in. tʰantaš tʰaŋ He took them. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ta -aš. Morph: causative aorist.

tʰantiʔin   v. will take. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ʔanikʼ pʰə·wasiw mitʼačʼ pəwsat They take it to their mortar and pound it a little. ʔamaʔ ʔopʰoʔtoʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit šiyamnunšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ṭʰe·ʔiw Then they put it in the sun again, when dried they take it into the house. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ta -ʔ- -in. Morph: causative future.

tʰantʰin   v. going. tʰutayʼiš tʰaw tʰantʰin It is hard going there. underlying form: tʰa·na -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

tʰanʔašiš   v. letting x go. ʔamaʔ sunsun tʰaŋ tʰanʔašiš ʔoštʰow ʔan wičʼetʰaw Then they were prohibiting the couple from going, so he got a burning stick. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ʔaš -iš. Morph: precative gerundial durative aorist.

tʰanʔin   v. while going. kʰayʼiw kʰa·mʼakʰimʼ tʰanʔin Coyote is dancing while he goes. underlying form: #tʰa·na -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tʰaŋ   dem-prn. that one. naʔ tʰaŋ yuʔut hutʰo·mʼat I was going to pull it up. hiyamxaš tʰaŋ hiʔ ta·ŋin He will hear it tomorrow. underlying form: tʰa·/ -ŋ. Morph: singular accusative case.

tʰapʰakʰ   n. tick. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʰipʰikʼ Chukchansi tʰipʰikʼ (NAS)

tʰapʰukʼ   n. Mountain beaver. Apolodontia rufa. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰipikʼ (NAS)

-tʰaš   afx. durative aorist. Morph: durative aorist.

tʰašikʼ   dem-prn. those two. poyʼo·mi tʰašikʼ Those two are pretty girls. tʰašikʼ ʔə·kʼaš nim tʰaxna They saw me coming. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -ikʼ. Morph: dual nominative case--form alternates with tʰihikʼ. Variant: tʰihikʼ.

tʰašinʼ   dem-prn. those all. tʰašinʼ tʰaw tʰanši They went there. tʰašinʼ ho·tahtaš nim tʰaxna They knew I was coming. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -inʼ. Morph: plural nominative case--form alternates with tʰihinʼ but tʰihinʼ usually does not occur as first word in sentence. Variant: tʰihinʼ.

tʰaški   dem-prn. those two. ʔamaʔ tʰaški tʰuyinʼši ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taka·ši pʰata·wʼiw ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hotʼo·ʔoniš And it got dark on them and they stayed overnight in a cave and they built a fire. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -kʼ -i. Morph: dual accusative case.

tʰaškin   dem-prn. those two's. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -kʼ -in. Morph: dual genitive case.

tʰaškinitʰ   dem-prn. those two (away from ...) underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -kʼ -initʰ. Morph: dual ablative case.

tʰaškiŋ   dem-prn. those two. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -kʼ -iŋ. Morph: dual dative case.

tʰaškiw   dem-prn. at those two, to those two. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -kʼ -iw. Morph: dual locative case.

tʰašti   dem-prn. those all. ṭʰomṭʰom tʰasti hiʔ Cover them all! ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ kɨʔɨy tʰašti čʼomtat wakʼyat tʰašti And their face washer gives them all their face washing. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -t -i. Morph: plural accusative case.

tʰaštin   dem-prn. those all's. ʔamaʔ ʔɨtkʰačʼi ʔan tʰaštin ʔan ʔɨtkʰat ʔo·mo ʔan ʔuyyu ʔɨtkʰat ʔan ʔɨtkʰa wɨxi ṭʰaʔaṭʰi ʔoʔčiʔičʼ kʼunimʔin ʔoštʰo xo·ʔoxiʔ Then the singers sing their song, when the starter starts the singing a lot of people sit around the bonfire and watch. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -t -in. Morph: plural genitive case.

tʰaštinitʰ   dem-prn. those all (away from ...) underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -t -initʰ. Morph: plural ablative case.

tʰaštiŋ   dem-prn. those all. tošši naʔ mam tʰaštiŋ I told you about those things. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -t -iŋ. Morph: plural dative case.

tʰaštiw   dem-prn. those all (to ...) tʰanši naʔ tʰastiw I walked to all those. ʔamaʔ sawaxitʰ tʰaštiw tʰanši And turtle went to them all. Morph: consultant states that tʰašti would also be acceptable here. ʔamaʔ tʰaštiw ʔamaʔ tʰanši ʔačʼew ʔanikʼ ṭʰe·ʔiw And he went to them all then went near to their house. underlying form: tʰa·/ -š -t -iw. Morph: plural locative case.

tʰatupʰ   n. bow, gun. hiyam ʔan tʼuyinši tʰatupʰ He could not shoot his bow already. Note: Related language Yawelamni ṭʼapʰ

tʰatxacʼ   n. tongue. Variant: tʰaxaṭʰ.

tʰatxaṭʰ   n. tongue. Variant: tʰatxacʼ; tʰaxaṭʰ. Note: Related langauge Chukchansi talxas (NAS)

tʰaw   prt. if. tʰaw tʰihinʼ hičʰa tʰumatanʼa ʔoho·ʔot ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔam ṭʼotʔin tʰaŋ If they want it roasted then they don't peel it.

tʰaw   dem-prn. there. tʰaw wihamʼ makʼ tʰan We wish we could go there. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰaŋ tute·ʔat Then he leaves it there. underlying form: tʰa·/ -w. Morph: singular locative case.

-tʰaw   afx. indefinite. Morph: indefinite. Note: best translated as an indefinite pronoun or 'supposed...'

tʰawakʰo   n. tobacco. Variant: tawa·kʰoʔ.

tʰawan/   v-theme. be morning. aorist: tʰawinši. neutral verbal noun: tʰawin. resultative gerundial: tʰawanʔin. neutral agentive: tʰawa·ničʼ.

tʰawaṭʰat   n. die, death. hawtaw ʔanikʼ hantʰaw tʰawaṭʰat When someone has died. underlying form: #tʰa·waṭʰ -at. Morph: durative present.

tʰawaṭʰčʰinat   v. want to die. ʔamaʔ hiyam tʰawaṭʰčʰinat ʔamaʔ hawaʔčay ʔan kʰe·šikʰ tʰaw wa·kʼaš ʔakayčʼi And he wanted to die and he barely got his portion under his fingernails by pulling it from a deep place. underlying form: #tʰa·waṭʰ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tʰawaʔṭʰa   v. dead; corpse. yow tʰihinʼ ʔotʼyit ʔanikʼ tʰawaʔṭʰa And they put it on their corpse. underlying form: tʰa·waṭʰ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

tʰawa·ničʼ   n. morning.star. underlying form: tʰawan/ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case. Note: Related languages Yawelmani tʰawa·nicʼ Chukchansi tʰawa·nʼiš Chukchansi tʰawa·niš (NAS)

tʰawin   v. dawn. underlying form: tʰawan/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

tʰawinši   v. was morning. underlying form: tʰawan/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰawinʔin   v. while it is morning. underlying form: tʰawan/ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tʰawit   v. it is said.

tʰawitši   v. was said. ʔamaʔ wistʰila ʔamaʔ haw tʰawitʰši And he was dressed, because that was what was said. See: wistilin 'dressed'.

tʰawna   prt. then. Morph: Functions as a temporal adverb.

tʰawṭʰaš   n. death. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yiwʼe·ničʼ ʔan tʼuyšu tʰawṭʰaš tʰaŋ And her husband shot it to death. underlying form: #tʰa·waṭʰ -š -0. Morph: durative aorist neutral verbal noun.

tʰawṭʰaš   v. kill. See: #tʰa·waṭʰ.

tʰawṭʰuŋiṭʰ   n. death. Lit: already be dead by ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ kʰayʼiw tʰawṭʰuŋiṭʰ ʔahaṭʰ And coyote demanded to kill him. underlying form: #tʰa·waṭʰ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tʰaxan   n. coming. underlying form: taxan/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʰaxan/   n-theme. coming. nominative: tʰaxan. accusative: tʰaxna. genitive: tʰaxinin. resident: tʰaxinʼin.

tʰaxaniš   v. was bringing. underlying form: #tʰaxa·n -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʰaxaṭʰ   n. tongue. Variant: tatxaṭʰ.

tʰaxaʔni   v. cause to come. underlying form: #tʰaxan -i. Morph: causative.

tʰaxa·ničʼ   n. one who comes. underlying form: #tʰaxan -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tʰaxa·niŋiṭʰ   v. will be brought. tʰaxa·niŋiṭʰ nihiʔ I will be brought here. underlying form: #tʰaxan -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tʰaxa·nitʰ   v. brought by x. tʰaxa·nitʰ naʔ xew I was brought here. underlying form: #tʰaxa·n -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tʰaxin   v. will come. hin ʔakʰamʼ hiʔ tʰaxin I guess he will come. ʔamaʔ hiyamxaš nihiʔ tʰaxin And, I will come back tomorrow. underlying form: #tʰaxan -0. Morph: future.

tʰaxin   v. come in! underlying form: #tʰaxan -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰaxinin   n. coming. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ janin tʰaxinin xew tuya I saw John come here to eat. underlying form: tʰaxin/-in. Morph: genitive case.

tʰaxinšatʰ   v. will come for x. underlying form: #tʰaxan -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

tʰaxinši   v. came. maʔ tʰaxinši You came. hiyam tʰaxinši He came. hiyam naʔ tʰaxinši I came. ʔamaʔ ye·tʼaw kʼaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ tʰaxinši And he came to the group the next day. underlying form: #tʰaxan -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰaxinšitʰat   v. is coming for x. underlying form: #tʰaxan -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

tʰaxinšiw   v. when x comes. tʰaxinšiw nim tʰanši When I came he went. tʰaxinšiw naʔ nim hiʔ tuyo·na When you come I will eat. underlying form: #tʰaxan -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tʰaxinšiya   v. will come. ʔamaʔ ʔan yiwʼin tošši tʰaŋ yow wuy wittʰa tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ yow yetʼ tʰaxinšiya Then his wife told him: do it again and another will come. underlying form: #tʰaxan -ši -ya. Morph: aorist casuative inchoative.

tʰaxinʼin   n. resident, lives on the x side. tomtʰo tʰaxinʼin Lives on the mountainside. underlying form: taxin/ -ʼ...inʼin. Morph: resident.

tʰaxna   n. coming. ho·tahtaš tʰihinʼ nim tʰaxna They knew I was coming. ʔə·kʼaš nim tʰihikʼ tʰaxna They saw me coming. underlying form: tʰaxin/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʰaxnaš   v. came. wa·wʼaw tʰašikʼ tʰaxnaš They came yesterday. underlying form: #tʰaxan -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʰaxnat   v. coming. tʰaxnat naʔ taka·ʔačʼ nay I am coming to stay all night with you. ʔamaʔ yow tʰaxnat And they were coming again. underlying form: #tʰaxan -at. Morph: durative present.

tʰaxništʰaš   v. was coming for x. underlying form: #tʰaxan -šitʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tʰaxniwšatʰaši   v. were coming for each other. underlying form: #tʰaxan -iwša -tʰa -ši. Morph: refelxive-reciprocal durative aorist.

tʰayaw   prt. ahead. Note: Related language Chukchnsi teyitʰ 'go ahead' (NAS)

tʰayiŋin   v. leaching hole is made. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰayiŋin Then they make a leaching hole. underlying form: tʰayuŋ/ -in. Morph: medio-passive.

tʰayuŋ   n. leaching hole. underlying form: tʰayuŋ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʰayuŋ/   n-theme. leaching hole. nominative: tʰayuŋ. locative: tʰayuŋiw. medio-passive: tʰayiŋin.

tʰayuŋiw   n. leaching hole.loc. underlying form: tʰayuŋ/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

tʰayʼpa·mučʼ   n. river swallow, bird species.

tʰaʔan   prt. too, also. ṭʼatʼa ti tʰaʔan It is a tree also. wɨxnat tʰaʔan ʔinšiš wɨxi tʰaŋ wɨxnat hetʰtʰa maxa·ʔat It is also very good so many still get it.

tʰaʔin   dem-prn. that one's. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ mukʼešhin niwti ʔočoy yow kʰuhuṭʼha·yin tʰaʔin tʰaŋ niwti ʔočoy And they had a different women's design and a different mensʼ design. underlying form: tʰa·/ -ʔ- -in. Morph: singular genitive case.

-tʰa·   afx. durative. Morph: durative.

tʰa·/   prn-theme. that. singular nominative: tʰa. singular accusative: tʰaŋ. singular genitive: tʰaʔin. singular dative: tʰa·ŋi. singular ablative: tʰa·nitʰ. singular locative: tʰaw. dual nominative: tʰašikʼ. dual nominative: tʰihikʼ. dual accusative: tʰaški. dual genitive: tʰaškin. dual dative: tʰaškiŋ. dual ablative: tʰaškinitʰ. dual locative: tʰaškiw. plural nominative: tʰašinʼ. plural nominative: tʰihinʼ. plural accusative: tʰašti. plural genitive: tʰaštin. plural dative: tʰaštiŋ. plural ablative: tʰaštinitʰ. plural locative: tʰaštiw. Morph: Demonstrative pronoun tʰa·/ 'that' = that which is relatively far from the first person speaker. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ṭʰa· Chukchansi tʰa· (NAS)

tʰa·čaw   n. left-side. Variant: tʼa·čaw.

tʰa·mučʼ   prt. like that. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰa·mučʼ pʰəwsat Then they pound it like that. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰa·mumʼ (NAS)

tʰa·na   n. going. totto ʔan tʰa·na Let him go. underlying form: #tʰa·na -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun acusative case.

tʰa·nitʰ   dem-prn. away (away from ...) time·timhiy tʰa·nitʰ away to a place to think. ʔamaʔ witʔin hu··hu··wittʰa tʰa·nitʰ tʰaw hewtʰat And making the noise huuhuu walking away from there. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tɨʔsɨn tʰa·nitʰ tuya And they could make food from that. underlying form: tʰa·/ -nitʰ. Morph: singular ablative case.

tʰa·ŋi   dem-prn. that (about .... ), with it. wakʼyin naʔ ma·maŋ hiʔ tʰa·ŋi I will give that to you. čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰus ʔinšiš hacʼa·mʼuʔ tʰa·ŋi hokʰyaŋiṭʰ Fresh live oak acorn is good to mix in with it. underlying form: tʰa·/ -ŋi. Morph: third person singular dative case.

tʰa·ši   v. it was. hawaʔ tʰa·ši What was it? underlying form: tʰa·/ -ši. Morph: aorist. Note: A demonstrative pronoun with aorist tense suffix meaning "it was".

tʰa·wiṭʰši   v. killed, dead. ʔamaʔ tʰašti tʰa·ŋi witʔin tʰa·wiṭʰši And he killed them with it right away. mayʼ tʰa tʰa·wiṭʰši That dead person. underlying form: #tʰa·waṭʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰeššitʰiš   v. come out for x. underlying form: #tʰiši -šitʰ -iš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tʰetnat   v. was rolling. underlying form: #tʰitin -at. Morph: durative present.

tʰeʔin   n. teaʼs. ʔamaʔ yow wišitʰaʔ tʰeʔin ʔitawʼiyin ʔinšiš himnaw And elderberry tʰeʔin flowers are also good for fever. underlying form: tʰi·/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tʰe·hačʰapʰi   n. Tehachapi -- placename.

tʰe·sitʰiš   v. urinate.

tʰe·tiy   n. teeth. šamaw ʔan tʰe·tiy xo·ʔoxiʔ He has teeth in his mouth. Note: Related langauge Chukchansi tʰe·liy

tʰe·ʔanitʰa   v. make tea. underlying form: tʰi·/ -na -tʰa. Morph: acquisitive durative present.

tʰe·ʔašištʰin   v. will clean for x. tʰe·ʔašištʰin yawta He will clean the yard. Morph: indirective future.

tʰe·ʔatʰiš   v. comes out. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ xapʰtiw ʔotʼo·yin tʰaw ʔamaʔ ʔinišiyin tʰe·ʔatʰiš ʔitikʼ And they will put hot water there and it comes out as good water. underlying form: #tʰiši -0. Morph: durative present.

tʰe·ʔin   n. tea's. ʔamaʔ yow wišitʰaʔ tʰeʔin ʔitawʼiyin ʔinšiš himnaw And elderberry flowers are also good for fever. underlying form: tʰi·ʔ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tʰihikʼ   dem-prn. those two. wa·wʼaw tʰihikʼ tʰaxinši They came yesterday. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hiyam tʰoynʼoš And it was already night time for those two. underlying form: tʰa·/ -h -ikʼ. Morph: dual nominative case--form alternates with tʰašikʼ. Variant: tʰašikʼ.

tʰihinʼ   dem-prn. those all. tʰanši tʰihinʼ tʰaw They went there. xi hiyam tʰihinʼ punuxšu They are already fasting. underlying form: tʰa·/ -h -inʼ. Morph: plural nominative case--form alternates with tʰašinʼ but usually not used as first word in sentence. Variant: tʰašinʼ.

tʰilipʰuš   n. guts.

tʰimši   v. thrown. underlying form: #tʰimi -ši. Morph: aorist. Variant: tʼimʼši.

-tʰin   afx. passive gerundial. Morph: passive gerundial.

tʰipʰikʰnic   n. land of the dead.

tʰiš   v. get out!, come out!, emerge! underlying form: #tʰiši -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰišamay/   n-theme. springtime. nominative: tʰišamay. locative: tʰišamyiw. aorist: tʰišamyiš. Note: likely from tʰiši 'to emerge See: Yaw tismayʼa Chuk tʰiša·muy Chuk tʰišamyuw (NAS).

tʰišamyiš   v. was springtime. hiyam tʰišamyiš It was spring. underlying form: tʰišamay/ -iš. Morph: aorist.

tʰišamyiw   n. in the springtime. čʰanʼiʔ tʰišamyiw It will be spring. čʰan tʰihinʼ tʰišamyiw hiwe·tʰin They will be walking in the spring. underlying form: tʰišamay/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

tʰiše·na   v. will come out. tʰiše·na hiʔ It will come out. underlying form: #tʰiši -i·na. Morph: future.

tʰišši   v. came out. ʔitkʼaŋi tʰišši She came out of the water. underlying form: #tʰiši -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰiššiw   v. comes out, leaves. kʼumuy ʔan kʼɨyɨṭʰɨn tʰiššiw All it's bitterness comes out. hawtaw nan kʼumuy yiwʼičʼnaš ʔamaʔ nan tʰiššiw nimikʼ tʰaw xoʔen yičʼŋa nimikʼ pahathay tʰaw xoʔo·xiʔ When we all got married then we left our living place and our parents lived there alone. underlying form: #tʰiši -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tʰišta   v. 1 • take out!

2 • take off!

3 • fish out! underlying form: #tʰiši -ta. Morph: causative imperative.

tʰištaš   v. took out, took off. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰanši ʔamaʔ ʔan šitʰitčiŋ tʰaŋ tʰištaš pukʼši tʰaŋ kʼə·xa And he went there and with his cane took out and found the money. underlying form: #tʰiši -ta -š. Morph: causative durative aorist.

tʰištaštʰiš   v. took out for x, took off for x. underlying form: tʰiši -ta -šitʰ -iš. Morph: causative indirective durative aorist.

tʰišta·tʰa   v. taking off, taking out. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʔ tʰaŋ xuša·ʔat kʼumuy ʔan tʰišta·tʰa tiŋta yow ṭʼəʔčʰa They rub it all to get off its dirt and skin. underlying form: #tʰiši -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative.

tʰištiʔin   v. when taken out. ʔamaʔ hawtaw se·sasis ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔan tʰištiʔin tʰaʔan kʼumuy ʔan wayʼkʰat tiŋta yow ʔan hapas And when it is done they take it out and clean off all the dirt and ashes. underlying form: #tʰisi -ta -ʔin. Morph: causative resultative gerundial.

tʰitenitʰa   v. rolling. underlying form: #tʰitin -tʰa. Morph: durative.

tʰitinši   v. rolled. underlying form: #tʰitin -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰiwwin   v. scatter, will scatter. tʰiwwin tihin hiʔ They will scatter like chickens. underlying form: tʰiwwin/ -0. Morph: future.

tʰiwwin/   v-theme. scatter, scatter like chickens. future: tʰiwwin. aorist: tʰiwwinši. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʰiwwiyi 'bounce up'

tʰiwwinši   v. scattered. underlying form: tʰiwwin/ -ši. Morph: aorist tense.

tʰiwʼ   n. cottontail rabbit. underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʰiwʼ/   n-theme. cottontail, Desert cottontail rabbit. Sylvilagus auduboni. nominative: tʰiwʼ. accusative: tʰiwʼa. genitive: tʰiwʼin. dative: tʰiwʼa·ŋi. ablative: tʰiwʼa·nitʰ. locative: tʰiwʼaw. Gram: consultants state there was no plural for this word they always said wɨxi tʰiwʼ 'many cottontail' Note: Related languages Yawelmani c̣iʔiw Chukchansi tʰiwʼ Chukchansi tʰewʼ (NAS)

tʰiwʼa   n. cottontail rabbit. underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʰiwʼaw   n. (to the) cottontail. Phon: voiceless final [w̥] when asked to say carefully consultant voices the final [w] tʰiwʼaw underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tʰiwʼa·nitʰ   n. (away from the) cottontail. underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -anit. Morph: ablative case.

tʰiwʼa·ŋi   n. cottontail. underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

tʰiwʼin   n. cottontail rabbit's. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tɨʔɨsšat tʰiwin yowwe·ʔi toppolin čʼutya And they made it from cottontail or sometimes jackrabbit skin. underlying form: tʰiwʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tʰi·/   n-theme. tea. genitive: te·ʔin. acquisitive: te·ʔanitʰa. From: English tea.

-tʰɨn   afx. passive gerundial. Morph: passive gerundial.

-tʰo   afx. durative present. Variant: -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

tʰomox/   v-theme. be winter. aorist: tʰomoxši. medio-passive: tʰumxinši. neutral verbal noun: tʰomoxo/.

tʰomoxiš/   n-theme. winter. nominative: tʰomoxši. locative: tʰomoxšiw. Note: Related language Chukchansi tomo·xiš (NAS)

tʰomoxoʔ   n. winter. underlying form: tʰomox/ -ʔ. Morph: absolutive.

tʰomoxši   v. winter, gettting winter. hiyam tʰomoxši It was winter. underlying form: tʰomox/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰomoxšiw   n. in winter. ʔamaʔ našuš nimikʼ wɨxi ʔan ṭʰokʰšiw šiymanutʰa tʰa tomoxšiw nimikʼ tuyo·huy Then our mother would dry most of his catch, that was our winter food. underlying form: tʰomoxši -w. Morph: locative case.

tʰontaš   v. remove. hiyam tʰaŋ tʰontaš ʔitkʼa He removed the water.

tʰopʰoŋ   n. buckeye. Note: Related languages Yawelmani topʰin Chukchansi topʰinʼ

tʰoṭʰ   n. belly, stomach. Variant: ṭʰoṭʰ. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʰoṭʰ

tʰoynʼoš   v. was night time. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hiyam tʰoynʼoš And it was already night time for those two. underlying form: tʰoyonʼ/ -oš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʰoyonʼ   n. night. underlying form: tʰoyonʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʰoyonʼ/   n-theme. night. nominative: tʰoyonʼ. locative: tʰoyonʼow.

tʰoyonʼow   n. at night, over night. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰoyonʼow tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼoto·ʔot Then at night they peel it there. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ takta·tʰa yetʼ tʰoyonʼow Then they make it stay over night. underlying form: tʰoyonʼ/ -ow. Morph: locative case. Note: Related languges Yawelmani tʰoynʼoʔ 'night-time' Chukchansi tʰoyʼnow

tʰo·wixitʼ   n. oak, black oak, white oak. Note: Related language Yawelmani to·wixit 'white oak'

tʰuh/   n-theme. spit. acquisitive: tʰuhna/. retardative: tʰu·h.

tʰuhna/   v. making, aquiring spit. durative present: tʰuhna·tʰa. durative aorist: tʰuhnatʰa·ši. future: tʰuhnat. aorist: tʰuhnaš. predicated gerundial: tʰuhnuŋiṭʰ. underlying form: tʰuh/ -na. Morph: acquisitive.

tʰuhnaš   v. spat. ʔamaʔ tʰanši tʰašti ʔačʼew ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰuhnaš tuyaŋ ʔanikʼ witʰep wittʰa tʰihinʼ to·yatiy Then he went near them and they spat food the were eating on the boy. underlying form: tʰuhna/ -š. Morph: aorist.

tʰuhnat   v. will make spit. underlying form: tʰuhna/ -t. Morph: future tense.

tʰuhnatʰa·ši   v. was making spit. underlying form: tʰuhna/ -tʰa -ši. Morph: causative aorist.

tʰuhna·tʰa   v. making spit. ʔamaʔ tʰihin wamičʰin tʰaw tʰuhna·tʰa And they will chew [some of the desired food] and spit it into [the hole]. underlying form: tʰuhna/ -tʰa. Morph: durative.

tʰuhnuŋiṭʰ   v. spitting. underlying form: tʰuhna/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

tʰuhwit   n. spit. underlying form: tʰuhwiti/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tʰuhwite·na   v. will spit. tʰuhwite·na naʔ I will spit. underlying form: tʰuhwiti/ -e·na. Morph: future.

tʰuhwiti/   v-theme. spit, make the motion of spitting, making the sound of spitting. future: tʰuhwite·na. aorist: tʰuhwitši. imperative: tʰuhwuy. retardative: tʰu·hwit. neutral verbal noun: tʰuhwit. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʰuhwiyi

tʰuhwitši   v. spit. underlying form: tʰuhwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰuhwuy   v. spit! underlying form: tʰuhwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰukʰ   n. ear. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʰukʼ Chukchansi tʰukʼ (NAS)

tʰukʰ   v. pull! underlying form: #tʰukʰu -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰukʰčʰəči   n. barn owl.

tʰukʰšu   v. pulled. underlying form: #tʰukʰu -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰukʰuta   n. redbud tree. See: tʰakʰaʔkʰaʔ 'redbud'.

tʰukʰʔun   v. while pulling. underlying form: #tʰukʰu -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tʰumatanʼa   v. roasted. tʰaw tʰihinʼ hičʰa tʰumatanʼa ʔoho·ʔot ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔam ṭʼotʔin tʰaŋ If they want it roasted then they don't peel it. underlying form: #tʰumot -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tʰumxinši   v. hibernate, wintering. hiyam tʰihinʼ tʰumxinši They are hibernating. underlying form: #tʰomox -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

tʰutayʼiš   prt. hard, difficult. tʰutayʼiš tʰaw tʰantʰin It is hard to go there. tʰutayʼšiʔin naʔ hiwetʰši I walked with difficulty. Note: Related language Yawelamni tulayʼis

tʰutošu   v. unable.

tʰux   v. lead! underlying form: #tʰuxu -0. Morph: imperative.

tʰuxo·na   v. will lead. underlying form: #tʰuxu -i·na. Morph: future.

tʰuxšu   v. led. underlying form: #tʰuxu· -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰuyinʼ   v. will be night. čʰanʼiʔ tʰuyinʼ It will be night soon. underlying form: #tʰoyonʼ -0. Morph: future.

tʰuyinʼši   v. was night. hiyam tʰuyinʼši It was night. ʔamaʔ tʰaški tʰuyinʼši ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taka·ši pʰata·wʼiw ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hotʼo·ʔoniš And it got dark on them and they stayed overnight in a cave and they built a fire. underlying form: #tʰoyonʼ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʰu·h   v. spit slowly. underlying form: tʰuh/ -0. Morph: retardative.

tʰu·hwit   v. spit slowly! underlying form: tʰuhwiti/ -0. Morph: retardative imperative.

tʼačʼay   n. duck species. Variant: tačʰay.

tʼamʼuyʼkʼa   n. strainer. underlying form: tʼamʼyʼukʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʼamʼuyʼkʼaw   n. strainer. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ha·ʔa tʼamʼuyʼkʼaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ kʼačʼawo ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ kʼačʼawiw tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot And whatever there is they gather into a strainer or if theirs is a basket, then they gather it into the basket. underlying form: tʼamʼyʼukʼ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tʼamʼyʼukʼ   n. seed-beater, strainer basket. underlying form: tʼamʼyʼukʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼamʼyʼukʼ/   n-theme. seed-beater, strainer. nominative: tʼamʼyʼukʼ. accusative: tʼamʼuyʼkʼa. locative: tʼamʼuyʼkʼaw.

tʼaŋiy   n. cheeks. Variant: ṭʼa·ŋi.

tʼapʰ   v. slap.

tʼapʰitši   v. brushed. underlying form: #tʼapʰit -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʼapʰtiwšaš   v. brushed each other. underlying form: #tʼapʰit -iwša -aš. Morph: refelxive-reciprocal durative aorist.

tʼapʰwita   v. slap, make x slap. underlying form: tʼapwiti/ -a. Morph: causative.

tʼapʰwite·na   v. will slap. underlying form: tʼapʰwiti/ -e·na. Morph: future.

tʼapʰwiti/   v-theme. slap. aorist: tʼapʰwitši. future: tʼapʰwite·na. imperative: tʼapʰwuy. retardative: tʼa··pʰwit. causative: tʼapʰwita. Note: Related language Yawelmani tʼapʰwiyi Chukchansi tʼapʰe·litʰ

tʼapʰwitši   v. slapped. underlying form: tʼapʰwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʼapʰwuy   v. slap! underlying form: tʼapʰwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tʼapʼtʼapʼ   n. leaf, leaves. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ wayʼkʰat ʔan xiŋ tʼapʼtʼapʼ Then they clean off all its leaves. underlying form: tʼapʼtʼapʼ -0. Morph: accusative case.

tʼapʼtʼapʼ/   n. leaf; leaves. nominative: tʼapʼtʼapʼ. accusative: tʼapʼtʼapʼ. dative: tʼapʼtʼapʼŋi. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʼapʰpaš (NAS)

tʼapʼtʼapʼŋi   n. leaves. underlying form: tʼapʼtʼapʼ/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

tʼawʼat   n. singing-stick. Variant: ṭʼawʼit.

tʼayupʰnuš   n. placename, A hill near Terminus.

tʼaywan   n. gambling.tray. underlying form: tʼaywan/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼaywan/   n-theme. gambling.basket, gambling tray, sifting basket. nominative: tʼaywan. accusative: tʼaywani. locative: tʼaywaniw. Variant: tʼaywʼan. See: kʰayʼo·ṭʰu/.

tʼaywani   v. gambling basket. underlying form: tʼaywan/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

tʼaywaniw   n. in the gambling basket, in the sifting basket. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witʔin tʼaywaniw ʔotʼo·yin Then right away they put it in the sifting basket. underlying form: tʼaywan/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

tʼa·čaw   left-side, to the left. Note: Related languages Yawelmani tʼa·tsaʔ Chukchansi tʼasnaw Variant: tʰa·čaw.

tʼa·pʰ   v. slap slowly. Morph: retardative.

tʼa··pʰwit   v. slap very slowly. underlying form: tʼapʰwiti/ -0. Morph: retardative.

tʼečʼpʰayʼ   n. little bird. underlying form: tʼe·čʼipʰ/ -0. Morph: diminutive.

tʼepʰna   n. acorn mush, acorn soup. ʔamaʔ hičʰa tʰihinʼ tɨʔasčʰinat tʼepʰna And if they want to make acorn mush, ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ kačʰyat tʼepʰna yowwe·ʔi ha·ʔatʰaw Then they mix it with acorn mush or whatever they have. underlying form: tʼe·pʰin/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʼepʰna/   n. making acorn soup, making acorn mush. durative present: tʼepʰna·tʰa. passive future: tʼepʼnaŋiṭʰ. resultative gerundial: tʼepʰniʔin. underlying form: tʼe·pʰin/ -an. Morph: acquisitive.

tʼepʰnaŋiṭʰ   v. acorn mush will be made. pʰɨwɨsʔin ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ tʼepʰnaŋiṭʰ ʔoho·ʔot As a result of the pounding, when they want acorn mush to be made, underlying form: tʼe·pʰna/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tʼepʰna·tʰa   v. making acorn mush. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʼepʰna·tʰa Then they make acorn mush. underlying form: tʼepʰna/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

tʼepʰnin   n. acorn's. underlying form: tʼe·pʰin/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tʼepʰniʔin   v. acorn mush being made. tʼepʰniʔin təʔsat xunay nahni tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witaʔa ʔotʼyit yow tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ təʔsat pisikʰčʼa Once the acorn mush is all done, they will put it like that or sometimes make bisquits. underlying form: tʼepʰna/ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

tʼe·čʼipʰ   n. bird. underlying form: tʼe·čʼipʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼe·čʼipʰ/   n-theme. bird. nominative: tʼe·čʼipʰ. genitive: tʼičʼpʰin. diminutive: tʼečʼpʰayʼ. Pl: tʼe·čʼipʰhat. Pl: ṭʼičʼe·pʰwayʼi.

tʼe·čʼipʰhat   n. birds. underlying form: tʼe·čʼipʰ/ -hat. Morph: plural.

tʼe·mʼatʼimʼ   v. throwing. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʼe·mʼatʼimʼ And they throw them. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -0. Morph: durative present.

tʼe·mʼatʼmʼaŋiṭʰ   v. was thrown by x. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -aŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

tʼe·mʼatʼmʼaš   v. was throwing. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʼe·pikʼ   n. beaver, Mountain Beaver, otter. Apolodontia rufa. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰipikʼ (NAS) Variant: tʼə·pɨkʼ.

tʼe·pʰin   n. acorn flour cooked. underlying form: tʼe·pʰin/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼe·pʰin/   n-theme. acorn flour ground, cooked, acorn soup, mush. nominative: tʼe·pʰin. accusative: tʼepʰna. genitive: tʼepʰnin. acquisitive: tʼepʰna/. Note: Related languages Yawelmani tʼe·pʰin Chukchansi ʔe·pʼan

tʼə·pɨkʼ   n. beaver, Mountain Beaver, otter. Variant: tʼe·pikʼ.

tʼičʼpʰin   n. bird's. pʰuṭʰo·ŋaw ʔan wačamʼ ṭʼowʼoʔonʼa wačamʼ ʔan tɨʔasanʼa tʼičʼpʰin pʼa·tin yow ʔan ǯux toʔṭʼow ʔotʼoywišat He has a doctoring wand in his hand, his wand is made of a bird feather and his headress in put on his head. underlying form: tʼe·čʼipʰ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

tʼimʼ   v. throw! underlying form: #tʼimʼi -0. Morph: imperative.

tʼimʼa   n. throwing. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

tʼimʼatʰ   v. was thrown by x. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -atʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tʼimʼe·na   v. will throw. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -e·na. Morph: future.

tʼimʼe·ʔičʼ   n. thrower. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tʼimʼhačʰinat   v. want to throw. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tʼimʼši   v. threw. naʔ tʼimʼši ʔotot I threw the ball. teri tʼimʼši tʰaŋ ʔotot tʰaw moxoʔtoʔ Terry threw the ball to the old man. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -ši. Morph: aorist. Variant: tʰimši.

tʼimʼšitʰši   v. threw for x. frank nan tʼimʼšitʰši Frank threw for me. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

tʼimʼšiw   v. when thrown. underlying form: #tʼimʼi -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

tʼitiw   n. forehead. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰitʼiw Chukchansi pʰičʼiwʼ (NAS) Variant: titiw.

tʼoŋunšu   v. drowned. underlying form: #tʼoŋon -šu. Morph: aorist.

tʼoyŋo   n. between. underlying form: tʼoyŋo/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼoyŋo/   n-theme. middle, between. nominative: tʼoyŋo. locative: tʼoyŋow. resident: tʼuyŋinʼin. Variant: tʼoyʼŋi.

tʼoyŋow   n. in between, in the middle. ʔamaʔ čʼatikʼ tʼoyŋow And bend them in the middle! underlying form: tʼoyŋo/ -ow. Morph: locative case. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰoyʼnew 'middle finger'

tʼoyonat   v. picking berries. yetʼ tʰišamyiw mʼamʼnʼa tʼoyonat nahni tʰaŋ tʰaʔan šiymanutʰa yow nahni tʰaŋ ṭʰoŋa·ṭʰiw One spring (we would be) picking blackberries, sometimes drying them and sometimes canning them. underlying form: tʼoyon/ -a. Morph: durative present.

tʼoyox   n. medicine. kiṭʼinʔiy ʔinšiš tʰaŋ tʼoyox Mountain Balm is good medicine. underlying form: tʼoyox/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼoyox/   n-theme. medicine, doctoring with medicine. nominative: tʼoyox. accusative: tʼoyxo. underlying form: #tʼoyox -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

tʼoyoxčʰinat   v. want to doctor. underlying form: #tʼoyox -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tʼoyoxhonʼo   v. was doctored by. hiyam tʼoyoxhonʼo He was already doctored. underlying form: #tʼoyox -honʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

tʼoyoxšotʰ   v. will doctor for x. underlying form: #tʼoyox -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

tʼoyoxto   v. doctor repeatedly! underlying form: tʼoyoxto/ -0. Morph: imperative.

tʼoyoxto/   v-theme. doctor repetitively. imperative: tʼoyoxto. future: tʼoyoxtot. underlying form: #tʼoyox -to. Morph: repetitive.

tʼoyoxtot   v. will doctor repeatedly. underlying form: tʼoyoxto/ -t. Morph: future.

tʼoyoxwišat   v. doctor themselves. tʰa·ŋi tʰihinʼ tʼoyoxwišat They doctored themselves with it. underlying form: #tʼoyox -wiš -at. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

tʼoyoxʔiy   n. doctoring place. waʔ tʼoyoxʔiy xoʔo·xiʔ The doctoring place is far. underlying form: tʼoyoxʔiy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

tʼoyoxʔiy   n. doctoring place. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tʼoyoxʔiy I saw the doctoring place. underlying form: tʼoyoxʔiy/ -0. Morph: accusative case.

tʼoyoxʔiy/   n. doctor place. nominative: tʼoyoxʔiy. accusative: tʼoyoxʔiy. ablative: tʼoyoxʔiynitʰ. locative: tʼoyoxʔiyaw. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

tʼoyoxʔiyaw   n. to the doctoring place. tʰanši naʔ tʼoyoxʔiyaw I went to the doctoring place. underlying form: tʼoyoxʔiy/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

tʼoyoxʔiynitʰ   n. from the doctoring place. xuyiwši naʔ tʼoyoxʔiynitʰ I returned from the doctoring place. underlying form: tʼoyoxʔiy/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

tʼoyoʔxo   n. one who doctors. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ʔo. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case.

tʼoyo·xi   v. make x doctor. underlying form: #tʼoyox -i. Morph: causative imperative.

tʼoyo·xičʼ   n. one who doctors. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

tʼoyxo   v. doctor. underlying form: tʼoyox/ -o. Morph: accusative case.

tʼoyxoš   v. was doctoring. underlying form: #tʼoyox -oš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʼoyxot   v. is doctoring. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ot. Morph: durative present.

tʼoyxot   v. might doctor. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ot. Morph: dubitative.

tʼoyʼŋi   n. middle. Variant: tʼoyŋo.

tʼo·matʼim   v. gather. ʔamaʔ čʰɨxɨčʰna ʔan ye·tʼaw tʼo·matʼim And his sickness is gathered together. underlying form: #tʼomo -0. Morph: durative present.

tʼo·tatʼit   v. is burning. tʰa tʼo·tatʼit He is burning. underlying form: #tʼutu -0. Morph: durative present.

tʼo·tatʼtaš   v. was buring. underlying form: #tʼutu -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

tʼučʼtʼučʼnʼa   n. wren.

tʼucʼ   n. soup.

tʼunoy   n. fish net. Variant: tʼuŋoy.

tʼuŋoy   n. fish net. See: tʼuŋyin 'to net fish'. Variant: tʼunoy.

tʼuŋut   n. wildcat. Note: Related language Yawelmani ṭʼunul Variant: tʼuŋutʼ.

tʼuŋutʼ   n. wildcat. Variant: tʼuŋut.

tʼuŋyin   v. to net fish. See: tʼunoy 'fish net'.

tʼustʼuswite·wiš   v. will rub on one another. underlying form: tʼustʼuswiti/ -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

tʼustʼuswiti/   v-theme. rub on. aorist: tʼustʼuswitši. reflexive-reciprocal: tʼustʼuswite·wiš.

tʼustʼuswitši   v. rubbed on. underlying form: tʼustʼuswiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʼut   v. burn! underlying form: #tʼutu -0. Morph: imperative.

tʼuta   n. burning. tʰanši tʰaw tʼuta tʰaw ʔanikʼ He went to where they were burning. underlying form: #tʼutu -0 -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʼuthačʰinat   v. want to burn. underlying form: #tʼutu -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

tʼuto·na   v. will burn. underlying form: #tʼutu -o·na. Morph: future.

tʼutšu   v. burned. tʼutšu nim šamaʔ It burned my mouth. underlying form: #tʼutu -šu. Morph: aorist.

tʼuṭʼa   n. soup. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ṭʼuṭʼa yowwe·ʔi ha·ʔatʰa tʰaŋi tʰaŋ to·yatiy ye·tʰaw And they eat soup or whatever they have with it. underlying form: tʼuṭʼu/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

tʼuṭʼu/   n-theme. soup. nominative: tʼučʼ. accusative: tʼuṭʼa. Note: Related language Yawelmani tuṭʼu 'dip one's bread in the soup'

tʼuyinši   v. be shot. hiyam ʔan tʼuyinši tʰatupʰ He could not shoot his bow already. underlying form: #tʼuyu -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

tʼuyixhan   v. being doctored. underlying form: #tʼoyox -han. Morph: passive.

tʼuyixŋiṭʰ   v. will be doctored. tʼuyixŋiṭʰ hiʔ He will be doctored. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

tʼuyixši   v. doctored. tʼuyixši mam He doctored you. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ši. Morph: aorist.

tʼuyixtʰin   v. being doctored by x. underlying form: #tʼoyox -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

tʼuyixʔaš   v. let x doctor. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

tʼuyŋinʼin   n. one in between, middle finger. underlying form: tʼoyŋo/ -inʼin. Morph: resident. Note: Related language Chukchansi tʰoyʼnew 'niddle finger' Variant: tʼuyʼŋinʼin.

tʼuyo·na   v. will shoot. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. underlying form: #tʼuyu -o·na. Morph: future.

tʼuyšu   v. shot. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yiwʼe·ničʼ ʔan tʼuyšu tʰawtʰaš tʰaŋ And her husband shot it. underlying form: #tʼuyu -šu. Morph: aorist.

tʼuyux   v. doctor! underlying form: #tʼoyox -0. Morph: imperative.

tʼuyxin   v. will doctor. underlying form: #tʼoyox -in. Morph: future.

tʼuyxištʰaš   v. was doctoring for x. underlying form: #tʼoyox -ištʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

tʼuyxitʰ   v. was doctored. underlying form: #tʼoyox -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

tʼuyʼŋinʼin   n. middle finger. Variant: tʼuyŋinʼin.

tʼuʔtʼučʼnaʔ   n. wren.