M - m

-m   afx. oblique. Morph: oblique.

-m   afx. second person genitive affix. Morph: second person genitive affix.

mačʼita   n. old woman. ʔamaʔ tʰawinʔin tʰa mačʼita tʰanši tʰawʔa tomtʰow The next morning the old woman went to the mountain. Morph: nominative case.

makʰwa   prn. you and me. waxinin makʰwa He will bother us. underlying form: ma·/ -kʰ -w -a. Morph: first person dual inclusive accusative case.

makʰwanitʰ   prn. we two. underlying form: ma· -kʰ -w -anitʰ. Morph: First person dual inclusive ablative case.

makʰwaŋ   prn. we two. underlying form: ma·/ -kʰ -w -aŋ. Morph: first person dual inclusive dative case.

makʰwaw   prn. to us two. underlying form: ma· -kʼ -w -aw. Morph: First dual inclusive locative case.

makʼ   prn. you and I. makʼ tʰaxinši You and I came. witʔin makʼ tʰahan hiʔ Let's (you and I) go right now. makʼ witʔin tʰahan Let's (you and I) go right now. underlying form: ma·/ -kʼ. Morph: first person dual inclusive nominative case.

mam   prn. you. underlying form: ma·/ -m. Morph: second person singular accusative case.

-mam   afx. decedent. Morph: decedent.

maŋ   v. take.

maŋaščʰinat   v. want to sleep. ʔamaʔ hawtaw naʔan maŋaščʰinat And when we want to sleep. underlying form: #maŋaš -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

maŋat   n. tears. Note: Related languages Yawelmani manal Chukchansi manalʼ

maŋa·šiš   v. sleep. maŋa·šaš naʔ tʰaŋ I put him to sleep. underlying form: #maŋaš -iš. Morph: causative.

maŋiš   v. sleep! underlying form: #maŋaš -0. Morph: imperative.

maŋiš   v. will sleep. naʔ hiʔ maŋiš I will go to sleep. underlying form: #maŋaš -0. Morph: future.

maŋišŋiṭʰ   v. sleeping. underlying form: #maŋaš -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

maŋišši   v. slept. wɨxnat naʔ maŋišši I slept too much. underlying form: #maŋaš -ši. Morph: aorist.

maŋšat   v. sleeping. underlying form: #maŋaš -at. Morph: durative present.

maŋšatinši   v. getting sleepy. hiyam naʔ maŋšatinši I am getting sleepy. underlying form: #maŋaš -at -in -ši. Morph: dubitative medio-passive aorist.

maŋʼe·čʰaʔ   n. nightshade.

mapʼ   v. fill! underlying form: #mapʼa -0. Morph: imperative.

mapʼaʔhanʼa   n. filled one. underlying form: #mapʼa -ʔhanʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

mapʼa·hiy   n. a place to fill. underlying form: #mapʼa -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive nominative case. See: mapʼiwšit.

mapʼa·wiš   v. will fill for x. underlying form: mapʼa·wiš/ -0. Morph: future.

mapʼa·wiš/   n-theme. fill oneself. aorist: mapʼwišši. future: mapʼa·wiš. underlying form: #mapʼa -wiš. Morph: refelxive-reciprocal.

mapʼa·ʔačʼ   n. one who fills. underlying form: #mapʼa -ʔačʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

mapʼe·na   v. will fill. underlying form: #mapʼa -e·na. Morph: future.

mapʼhačʰinat   v. want to fill. underlying form: #mapʼa -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

mapʼinši   v. was being filled, spilling. hin tʰa hiyam mapʼinši It is already spilling? underlying form: #mapʼa -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

mapʼiwšit   n. filling place. underlying form: #mapʼa -iwšit. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal adjunctive nominative case. See: mapʼa·hiy.

mapʼši   v. filled. underlying form: #mapʼa -ši. Morph: aorist.

mapʼwišši   v. filled for x. underlying form: mapʼa·wiš/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

mawṭʰiŋyan   n. plant species, hot herb. yow čaʔaʔpa tʰanaʔat yetʼ ʔopʰšiw tʰaw ʔanikʼ ʔam ʔinšiš ʔupʰištuŋiṭʰ kʼɨnəwšat tʰihinʼ mawṭʰiŋyan And if someone goes for a month without not having a good monthly then they lie down on (hot) mullein. Note: robably mullein

max   v. get!, take! ʔoyyat kʼačʼaw ho·pʰut šo·pʰin waʔa max Starting a basket take three long roots. underlying form: #ma·xa -0. Morph: imperative.

maxaʔ   n. taking. hawtaw wosow ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔoho·ʔot ʔanikʼ hačʼa·muʔ pʰutʰsa maxaʔ When it's autumn then they want to get their fresh acorn. tʰaw tʰihinʼ ṭʼe·kʼaṭʼkʼaŋiṭʰ hiyamʼ ʔanikʼ teyaw ʔanikʼ maxaʔ xiŋ ha·ʔa milikʰaniʔin mononhay They were tied like that long before they were taking white person's clothes. underlying form: #ma·xa -ʔ. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

maxa·ʔat   v. gets, takes. maxa·ʔat tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ They get it. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat Then they get it. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat taŋa·yin ho·put They get Jimsonweed roots. maxa·ʔat tʰihinʼ tʰakʰaʔkʰaʔ They get Redbud. underlying form: #ma·xa -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

maxši   v. took. ʔamaʔ naʔ maxši tʰaŋ And when I took it. miṭʼačʼ naʔ xew witčʼi maxši I took a small amount here. underlying form: #ma·xa -ši. Morph: aorist.

maxšitʰši   v. took (for x). ʔitawʼaŋ naʔ mam maxšitʰši I got a flower for you. underlying form: #ma·xa -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

maxta·tʰa   v. cause to get. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ maxta·tʰa wakʼ hinwit ʔatita ŋawit And they sent him to get whatever he could when he got to the bottom. underlying form: #ma·xa -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

maxtʰin   v. being taken. hiyam ʔinšiš maxtʰin It is ready to be taken. underlying form: #ma·xa -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

mayiš   n. corn. From: Spanish maíz.

maywe·ʔi   prt. sometimes. maywe·ʔi hawtaw puhuṭʰ tʰaŋ ʔan ʔaxiʔčʰi ʔamaʔ tɨʔɨsaŋiṭʰ meṭʰ ʔaxiʔčʰi Sometimes when the baby gets to old for the cradle a big cradle is made.

mayʼ   prn. we (all of us). kʼumuy mayʼ tʰahan All of us will go. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ. Morph: first person plural inclusive nominative case.

mayʼ   n. person. tʰawaʔṭʰa mayʼ dead person. tʰa·ŋi mayʼ ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ That is why people have good hands. underlying form: mayʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mayʼ/   n-theme. human, person. nominative: mayʼ. accusative: mayʼa. genitive: mayʼin. dative: mayʼa·ŋi. ablative: mayʼa·nitʰ. locative: mayʼaw. Pl: mayʼhat. Pl: mayʼe·wayʼi. Pl: mayʼe·ʔi. intensive possessor: mayʼʔiyin.

mayʼa   n. person. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ mayʼa I saw the person. underlying form: mayʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

mayʼaw   n. to the human. čʼatkʼinši mayʼaw It turned into a human. ʔamaʔ tʰa·ŋi mayʼaw wakʼiyši pʰuṭʰo·ŋin tʰašti And he gave that hand to the people. underlying form: mayʼ/ -w. Morph: locative case. Phon: occasionally pronounced with a voiceless w [mayʼaw̥]

mayʼa·nitʰ   n. away from the person. underlying form: mayʼ/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

mayʼa·ŋi   n. person. jan nan tuše·ʔaš tʰa·ŋi mayʼa·ŋi tuytaʔe·čʼa John told me about the person who fed me. underlying form: mayʼ/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

mayʼe·hi   n. people. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi/ -h -i. Morph: oblique plural accusative case.

mayʼe·hin   n. people's. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi/ -h -in. Morph: oblique plural genitive case. Variant: mayʼe·ʔin.

mayʼe·hinitʰ   n. away from the people. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi/ -h -initʰ. Morph: oblique plural ablative case. Variant: mayʼe·ʔinitʰ.

mayʼe·wayʼhi   n. people. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ mayʼe·wayʼhi I saw the people. underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -h -i. Morph: oblique plural accusative case.

mayʼe·wayʼhin   n. belonging to the people. mayʼe·wayʼhin pʰuṭʰoŋhat peoples' hands. mayʼe·wʼayhin ʔočay peoples' design (on baskets). Note: images from Gamble Note: people design on basket and people's design underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -h -in. Morph: oblique plural genitive case.

mayʼe·wayʼhinitʰ   n. (away from the) people. underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -h -initʰ. Morph: oblique plural ablative case.

mayʼe·wayʼhiŋ   n. people. mayʼe·wayʼhiŋ naʔ mam wakʰiyši I gave you (the word) people. underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -h -ŋ. Morph: plural dative case.

mayʼe·wayʼhiw   n. (at the) people. tʰanšitʰši naʔ mayʼe·wayʼhiw I went to the people for you. Phon: more careful pronunciation mayʼe·wayʼhiw (at the) people. underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -h -iw. Morph: plural locative case.

mayʼe·wayʼi   n. people. underlying form: mayʼe·wayʼi/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mayʼe·wayʼi/   n-theme. people. nominative: mayʼe·wayʼi. accusative: mayʼe·wayʼhi. genitive: mayʼe·wayʼhin. dative: mayʼe·wayʼhiŋ. ablative: mayʼe·wayʼhinitʰ. locative: mayʼe·wayʼhiniw. See: mayʼ/ 'person' mayʼe·ʔi 'people'.

mayʼe·ʔi   n. persons. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mayʼe·ʔi/   n-theme. people. nominative: mayʼe·ʔi. accusative: mayʼe·hi. genitive: mayʼe·hin. ablative: mayʼe·hinitʰ. underlying form: mayʼ/ -i. Morph: plural.

mayʼe·ʔin   n. persons'. mayʼe·ʔin pʰuṭʰuŋhat person' hands. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi/ -in. Morph: genitive case. Variant: mayʼe·hin.

mayʼe·ʔinitʰ   n. away from the humans. underlying form: mayʼe·ʔi -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case. Variant: mayʼe·hinitʰ.

mayʼhat   n. persons. underlying form: mayʼ/ -hat. Morph: plural.

mayʼin   n. person's. mayʼin pʰuṭʰoŋ person's hands. tʰa šumlelaʔ mayʼin ʔočoy The hat with people's decoration. underlying form: mayʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

mayʼiyin   n. it's all human. underlying form: mayʼ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor. Note: consultant states this means 'it's all human' but indicates it is not a form she would use

mayʼwa   prn. all of us. pʰohyon hiyam hiwetʰši čʰan mayʼwa ʔam ʔinišat Hawk was already around here, he is not going to do us any good. tuytiʔin mayʼwa hiʔ tʰaʔan tʰahan After he feeds us all he will leave. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ -w -a. Morph: first person plural inclusive accusative case.

mayʼwanitʰ   prn. away from us. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ -w -anitʰ. Morph: first person plural inclusive ablative case.

mayʼwaŋ   prn. all of us. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ -aŋ. Morph: first person plural inclusive dative case.

mayʼwaw   prn. to us all. kʼumuy mayʼwaw To all of us. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ -w -aw. Morph: first person plural inclusive locative case.

maʔ   prn. you. maʔ tʰaxnat You are coming. maʔ tʰaxinši You came. underlying form: ma·/ -ʔ. Morph: second person singular nominative.

maʔakʼ   prn. you two. underlying form: ma·/ -ʔ- -akʼ. Morph: second person dual nominative case.

maʔan   prn. you all. ʔə·kʼaš maʔan nan You all saw me. underlying form: ma·/ -ʔ- -an. Morph: second person plural nominative case. Note: This form is also used as a polite form of address for your in-laws hitew maʔan xo·ʔoxiʔ Where are you? {refering to mother-in law or father-in-law}.

ma·/   prn-theme. Second person. singular nominative: maʔ. singular accusative: mam. singular genitive: min. singular dative: ma·maŋ. singular ablative: ma·manitʰ. singular locative: ma·maw. dual nominative: maʔakʼ. dual accusative: ma·makʼ. dual genitive: minkin. dual dative: ma·makʼŋi. dual ablative: ma·makʼnitʰ. dual locative: ma·makʼiw. plural nominative: maʔan. plural accusative: ma·munwa. plural genitive: minikʼ. plural dative: ma·munwaŋ. plural ablative: ma·munwanitʰ. plural locative: ma·munwaw.

ma·čis   n. matches. From: English matches. Note: Related language Chukchansi ma·jis (NAS)

ma·čiy   n. brush rabbit. underlying form: ma·čiy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

ma·čiy/   n-theme. brush rabbit. nominative: ma·čiy. Pl: ma·čiyhat. Sylvilagus bachmani.

ma·čiyhat   n. brush rabbits. underlying form: ma·čiy/ -hat. Morph: plural.

ma·kin   prn. ours (we two). underlying form: ma·/ -k -in. Morph: first person dual inclusive genitive case.

ma·makiw   prn. at you two, to you two. underlying form: ma· -m -akʼ -iw. Morph: Second person dual locative case.

ma·makʰnitʰ   prn. away from you two. underlying form: ma·/ -m -akʼ -nitʰ. Morph: second person dual ablative case.

ma·makʰŋi   prn. you two. underlying form: ma·/ -m -akʼ -ŋi. Morph: second person dual dative case.

ma·makʼ   prn. you two. underlying form: ma·/ -m -akʼ. Morph: second person dual accusative case.

ma·manitʰ   prn. away from you. underlying form: ma·/ -m -anitʰ. Morph: second person singular ablative case.

ma·maŋ   prn. with you. ma·maŋ niʔ wakʼin I will give it to you. Morph: niʔ is a contraction of nihiʔ <naʔ+hiʔ. wakʼyin naʔ ma·maŋ hiʔ tʰa·ŋi I will give that to you. underlying form: ma·/ -m -aŋ. Morph: second person singular dative case.

ma·maw   prn. at you. underlying form: ma·/ -m -aw. Morph: second person singular locative case.

ma·munwa   prn. you all. underlying form: ma·/ -m -un -w -a. Morph: second person plural accusative case.

ma·munwanitʰ   prn. away from you all. underlying form: ma·/ -m -un -w -anitʰ. Morph: second person plural ablative case.

ma·munwaŋ   prn. you all. underlying form: ma·/ -m -un -w -aŋ. Morph: second person plural dative case.

ma·munwaw   prn. to you all. underlying form: ma·/ -m -un -w -aw. Morph: second person plural locative case.

ma·ŋa   n. mud wasp.

ma·ŋasa   n. nest of mud wasp. See: ma·ŋa 'mud wasp'.

ma·pʼamipʼ   v. is filling. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰaw piyin ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰaŋ ma·pʼamipʼ ša·xalŋi yow we·ʔi ha·ŋitʰaw kʼiwʼšaŋ And when they finish it there, they fill it with tar or whatever hard thing they have. underlying form: #mapʼa -0. Morph: durative present.

ma·pʼampʼaš   v. was filling. underlying form: #mapʼa -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

ma·tatʼa   n. men's talk.

ma·ṭʰuŋi   n. plant species used for medicine. Variant: mə·ṭʰɨŋʔɨy.

ma·xin   v. will take. ma·xin nihiʔ yow ʔan wɨxe·ʔašiw I'll take it when it has more. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ma·xin tʰaŋ watʼa·xat And they will take it and split it. underlying form: #ma·xa -in. Morph: future.

ma·yʼin   prn. ours (all of us). tuy ma·yin xiʔi ʔošŋuṭʰ All our food will be stolen. underlying form: ma·/ -yʼ -in. Morph: first person plural inclusive genitive case.

menṭʼaš   v. was nursing a baby. underlying form: #mi·niṭʼ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

menṭʼat   v. will nurse a baby. underlying form: #mi·niṭʼ -t. Morph: future.

menṭʼatʰa   v. is nursing a baby. underlying form: #mi·niṭʼ -tʰa·. Morph: durative aorist.

meriy   n-proper. Mary.

meṭʰ   n. very much, large, thick, true, good. maywe·ʔi hawtaw puhuṭʰ tʰaŋ ʔan ʔaxiʔčʰi ʔamaʔ tɨʔɨsaŋiṭʰ meṭʰ ʔaxiʔčʰi Sometimes when the baby gets to old for the cradle a big cradle is made. meṭʰ maʔ ʔot ʔipʰe·ʔičʼ Are you a good swimmer? underlying form: mi·ṭʰi/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

meṭʰaw   n. at the large thing. underlying form: mi·ṭʰi/ -aw.

meṭʰa·hat   n. stretched, made large. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ meṭʰa·hat And you are stretching it. underlying form: mi·ṭʰi/ -a -h -at. Morph: accusative case non-singular durative present.

meṭʰnay   prt. larger. ʔamaʔ yow mitʼačʼ meṭʰnay kʼačʼaw And again{found} a little bit bigger basket. underlying form: meṭʰ -nay. Morph: A compound of meṭʰ 'big' and nay 'like' giving a meaning 'big like, larger'.

meʔči   conj. because. yow tʰihinʼ ʔam ʔanikʼ toʔṭʼow kʼoykʼat meʔči tuṭʰe·yatʰaʔ ʔanikʼ ʔoṭʼow They don't scratch their head because it ruins their hair. Morph: conjunction. Note: Related language Yawelmani meʔʒiʔ

me·čin   v. will be sure.

me·ničʼ   n. breast, nipple. Variant: me·nikʼ. Note: Related language Chukchansi miničʰ 'breast, nipple' (NAS)

me·ničʼ/   n-theme. nipple, breast. nominative: me·ničʼ. Pl: minečʼi. Note: Related langauge Chukchansi miničʰ (NAS)

me·nikʼ   n. breast. Variant: me·ničʼ; me·niṭʼ. See: me·niṭʼ 'to nurse a babyʼ.

məkʼ   v. swallow! underlying form: #mə·kʼi -0. Morph: imperative.

məkʼa·ʔat   v. swallowing. ʔam tʰaŋ hetʰtʰa məkʼa·ʔat She hasn't swallowed it yet. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -ʔat. Morph: durative present.

məkʼə·hɨy   v. throat, windpipe, swallow place. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive. Note: Related language Chukchansi mikʼemkʼilʼ

məkʼšɨ   v. swallowed. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -ši. Morph: aorist tense.

məkʼwite·na   v. will swallow. underlying form: mə·kʼɨwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

məkʼwiti/   v-theme. to do a swallow, drink. future: məkʼwite·na. aorist: məkʼwitši. imperative: məkʼwɨy. retardative: mə·kʼwit. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -witi/.

məkʼwitši   v. swallowed. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

məkʼwɨy   v. swallow!, drink! məkʼwɨy xe·ŋi ʔitkʼaŋ Drink (it) with this water! underlying form: #me·kʼɨwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

məkʼʔɨn   v. when x swallows. məkʼʔɨn hɨʔ tʰahan When he swallows he'll go. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

mə·kʼɨn   v. will swallow. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨ -in. Morph: future.

mə·kʼwɨt   v. swallow slowly. underlying form: #mə·kʼɨwiti/ -0. Morph: retardative.

mə·ṭʰɨŋʔɨyʼ   n. plant used in steam bath during birth, plant used as as medicine (especially in childbirth) and as a beverage. Variant: ma·ṭʰuŋi.

mičat   v. being sure.

mičeʔna   prt. indeed, really, of course, probably, is it true, is that right. mičeʔna naʔ moyo·not Of course I am tired. Note: Related language Yawelmani mižnaʔ 'indeed, surely'

miče·naš   v. was sure.

mihiʔ   prn. you-will. tʰaw mihiʔ tʰaŋ hoyoʔ šalʼalʼwitaw ʔam hiʔ tʰaxin If you call them in the morning, they will not come. Morph: maʔ 'you' plus hiʔ 'future'.

mil   n. thousand. yetʼmil one thousand. From: Spanish mil 'thousand'.

milikʰaniʔin   n. white person's. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ nay milikʰaniʔin toʔon And they play on it like the white person's game. underlying form: milikʰa·na/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

milikʰa·na/   n-theme. white person. nominative: milikʰa·naʔ. genitive: milikʰa·nin. genitive: milikaniʔin. locative: milikʰa·naw. From: Span americano. See: Chuk mihka·naʔ Chuk mika·naʼ (NAS).

milikʰa·naw   n. at the white person, in English. han min xiŋ hoyon milikʰa·naw What do you call it in English? underlying form: milikʰa·na/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

milikʰa·naʔ   n. white person. underlying form: milikʰa·na/ -ʔ. Morph: nominative case.

min   prn. yours. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ min nan ʔamta I want you to help me. underlying form: ma·/ -in. Morph: second person singular genitive case.

minečʼi   n. nipples.

mine·ṭʼit   v. is nursing a baby. našo·šu ʔan mine·ṭʼit Her mother is nursing a baby. ho·wiʔ mine·ṭʼit witʰiphat nahni yetʼ pʼaʔanʼa poŋoy pʼaʔanʼa yow nahni čʰawpʰaw yitʼšiŋta ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ tuytaŋiṭʰ ʔanikʼ tʰaw witʔin hiyam to·yatiy ʔamaʔ hetʰtʰa yow mine·ṭʼit Yes, they nurse their babies sometimes one year, two years, or sometimes continuously for five years they feed them even if the are already eating they still nurse them. underlying form: #mi·niṭʼ -at. Morph: durative present.

minikʼ   prn. you all's. amaʔ hičʰaʔ xo·ʔoxiʔ ʔɨtə·mɨčʼ ʔamaʔ ʔətmat minikʼ ṭʼotšiw toyonʼow And if they have a story teller then they tell stories while peeling at night. underlying form: ma·/ -in -ikʼ. Morph: second person plural genitive case.

minkin   prn. you two's. underlying form: ma·/ -in -kʼ -in. Morph: second person dual genitive case.

mitʰačʼ   prt. slightly. Variant: mitʼačʼ.

mitʰis   prt. when, until, as. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ witʰiphat to·ʔatiʔ mitʰis pohoṭʰʔun tʰaw tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ tute·ʔaŋiṭʰ And that is what the babies play with until they get older when they are first untied.

mitʼačʼ   prt. slightly, small, small amount. mitʼačʼ naʔ tʰaŋ ho·tahtaš I knew him slightly. ʔamaʔ yow miṭʼačʼ meṭʰnay kʼačʼaw And she again {found} a little bit bigger basket. mitʼačʼ witčʼiŋ wakʼiy Give {me} a litlle! Variant: mitʰačʼ. Morph: modifying particle of degree.

miṭʰaʔa   n. big. hawit nay maʔ ʔoho·ʔot ʔan tɨʔsa miṭʰaʔa However big you want to make it. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

miṭʰe·hat   n. big things. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -hat. Morph: plural. See: Yaw mayʼa·hay 'big ones'.

miṭʰe·haṭʼ   n. big things. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -haṭʼ. See: Yaw mayʼa·hay 'big ones'.

miṭʰe·ʔaš   v. was getting bigger. hiyam miṭʰe·ʔaš It's getting bigger. wa·wʼaw miṭʰe·ʔaš It got bigger yesterday. tʰowin xi hiyam mitʰe·ʔaš The town got bigger. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -ʔaš. Morph: durative aorist.

miṭʰe·ʔašiw   v. (when it is) bigger. miṭʰe·ʔašiw ʔan When it's bigger. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -a -šiw. Morph: resultative gerundial.

miṭʰe·ʔat   v. will be getting bigger. miṭʰe·ʔat hiʔ It will get bigger. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -ʔat. Morph: future.

miṭʰe·ʔatʰatʰ   v. been made bigger. hawtaw maʔ čʼakša ʔotʼyit ʔamaʔ hiyamʼa miṭʰe·ʔatʰatʰ When you put the straw grass in it is already been made bigger. underlying form: miṭʰi·/ -tʰa -tʰ. Morph: durative passive aorist.

miṭʰi·/   n. big in size. non-directive gerundial: miṭʰe·ʔašiw. durative aorist: miṭe·ʔaš. future: miṭʰe·ʔat. passive aorist: miṭʰe·ʔatʰatʰ. consequent agentive: miṭʰaʔa. Pl: miṭʰe·haṭʼ. Pl: miṭʰe·hat.

miyel   n. honey, syrup. See: Yaw miyel 'bee; honey'. From: Span miel.

miyewšit   n. scissors. hitew ma·yʼin tʰa miyewšit Where are our scissors? Morph: reflexive reciprocal consequent adjunctive {-wšit}. Note: Related language Yawelmani me·yi 'to cut'

miʔaw   prt. cat's meow. Note: sound imitiation

mi·tʰi/   n-theme. large thing. locative: meṭʰaw. durative present: meṭʰa·hat.

mɨkčʼa   n. heavy. underlying form: mɨkɨčʼ -a. Morph: accusative case. Note: Related language Chukchansi migičʼ

mɨkɨčʼ   n. heavy. underlying form: mɨkɨčʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: mɨkʰɨṭʰ.

mɨkɨčʼ/   n-theme. heavy. nominative: mɨkɨčʼ. accusative: mɨkčʼa.

mɨkʰɨṭʰ   n. heavy. Variant: mɨkɨčʼ.

mɨkʼɨš   n. neck. Note: Related language Chukchansi mikʼiš (NAS)

mɨŋɨnšɨ   v. forgot. we·ʔi mɨŋɨŋši naʔ pʰičʼ hawšun ʔanikʼ pʰičʼ I forgot anything on the count, how many of them count. naʔ mɨŋɨnši tʰaŋ I forgot it. underlying form: #mɨŋɨn -ši. Morph: aorist.

mɨŋnat   v. forget. underlying form: #mɨŋɨn -at. Morph: durative present.

močʰoʔto   n. old woman. Morph: a diminuative or endearment form of moxoʔto mukʰiš 'old woman'. See: moxoʔto.

močʰto   n. old woman. See: močʰoʔtoʔ.

mokʰoymam   n. deceased mother's sister. underlying form: mo·kʰoy/ -mam. Morph: decedent.

monohoy/   n-theme. clothes, personal property, belongings. accusative: mononhay. dative: mononhayŋi.

mononhay   n. belongings. ʔaŋṭʰaw hintʰaw ʔotʼoy ʔanikʼ mononhay xoʔo·xiʔ pʰata·wʼiw The doctors around there put their belongings in the cave. underlying form: mononhoy/ -0. Morph: accusative case.

mononhayŋi   n. clothes. ʔamaʔ tʰašti wakʼyat mononhayŋi yow kʼə·xaŋ Then the face washer gives them al clothes and money. underlying form: mononhay/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

monoxčʼi   n. black root. monoxčʼi maʔ tʰaʔan hopʰtat You dig black root also. monoxčʼi maʔ hopʰtat Are you digging black root? underlying form: mono·xičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

mono·xičʼ   n. black root, Bracken Fern root. Note: Here is Cecile's description of preparing black root: 0. mono·xičʼ 1. monoxčʼi maʔ tʰaʔan hopʰtat 2. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ wɨxe·niʔin ṭʼoto·ʔot 3. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ meṭʰa·hat ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ sa·kas ʔan šipešpat 4. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ ṭʼə·waṭʼiw xapʰtiw ʔitkʼaw 5. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ yow čoʔpat 6. (ʔamaʔ) tʰaŋ piyʔin tʰaŋ hoʔoyʼowow ʔitkʼaw ṭʼə·waṭʼiw yetʼ tʰoyonʼow 7. ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ yow sa·kas ʔan šipešpat 8. tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow ṭʼə·waṭʼiw ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ yow šipešpat ʔan sa·kas 9. hawtaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼə·waṭʼiw hoʔoyʼowow ʔitkʼaw hamʼat ṭɨmɨxwittʰa 10. hawtaw ʔan pʰawʼpʰučʼ ṭɨmɨxwɨy ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ šiymanutʰa 11. šiyamnunšiw ʔan tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šototʰto·tʰa 12. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼə·waṭʼiw hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔanikʼ ʔoho·ʔot tixta 13. ʔamaʔ hiyam ʔinšiš 0. Bracken Fern root 1. You also dig black root. 2. And when you get a bunch of them, peel them. 3. And you stretch them, scraping off the glue. 4. Then you soak it in hot water. 5. Then you also divide it. 6. finish it by soaking it in rusty water for one night. 7. Then you again scrape off its glue. 8. They then again soak it and again scrape off its glue. 9. They soak it submerged in rusty water for however black (they want it to be). 10. Whenever it turns black, then they dry it. 11. When its dried, they coil it. 12. Then they soak however much they want to make a basket. 13. Then it is good. underlying form: mono·xičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mono·xičʼ/   n-theme. black root, the tap root of Bracken Fern. nominative: mono·xičʼ. accusative: monoxčʼi. Pteridium aquilinum (western brackenfern). Note: pictures from Wikipedia and Gamble Pictures show a Brackenfern plant and part of black root preparation process. Note: Brackenfern plant picture by Rasbak: wikimedia.org

monʼay   v. fly. Note: Related language Yawelmani mo·nʼay

mos   n. sweathouse. Variant: moš.

moskʰitʰaʔ   n. mosquito. Variant: muskiytʰaʔ.

moš   n. sweathouse. Note: Related language Yawelmani moṣ Chukchansi m'oṣ Chukchansi mos (NAS) Variant: mos.

mototičʼ   n. cheater. underlying form: #motot -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

moṭokʼat   v. smoky, will be smoky. underlying form: #mo·ṭʰukʼ -at. Morph: distributive.

moṭʰakʼ   n. dirt.

moṭʰkʼonhiy   n. place to get dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

moṭʰkʼonʔičʼ   n. one who gets things dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

moṭʰokʼ   n. dirty.

moṭʰokʼhonʼo   n. that which has been dirtied. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -ʔhonʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

moṭʰoxhonʼo   n. was dirtied. underlying form: #muṭʰux -honʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

moṭʼkʼon   v. get dirty.

moxoʔtoʔ   n. old, old man. tʰanši nim tʰa moxoʔtoʔ ʔɨtɨkʰšɨ While I went the old man sang. underlying form: #mo·xot -ʔ...a -ʔ. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case. Variant: mo·xoʔto. Note: Related language Chukchansi mostʼo 'old man' moxlʼo 'old woman'

moxtihčʼa   n. old ones. underlying form: #mo·xot -hačʼ. Morph: diminuative plural accusative case.

moyin   n. tired. underlying form: #mo·yon -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

moyo·not   v. am tired, am getting tired. he·či hiʔ naʔ moyo·not Today I'm tired. xo·now maʔ moyo·not Do you get tired often? underlying form: #mo·yon -ot. Morph: durative present.

mo·kʰoy   n. mother's sister. underlying form: mo·kʰoy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mo·kʰoy/   n-theme. mother's sister. nominative: mo·kʰoy. decendent: mokʰoymam. Pl: mukʰeyayi. Note: Related language Yawelmani mo·kʰoy

mo·loʔ   n. gray.

mo·no/   v-theme. put in mouth. consequent agentive: munwita·ʔa.

mo·nʼošaw   n. eat eight, eight o'clock. tʰašinʼ teyaw toʔo·šu mo·nʼošaw They all played before eight o'clock. underlying form: munʼoš/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

mo·ṭʰokʼin   v. getting.dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -0. Morph: durative present.

mo·ṭʰokʼnoš   v. got dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -oš. Morph: durative aorist.

mo·ṭʰukʰ   n. smoke. Variant: muṭʰukʼ.

mo·xitši   v. got old. hiyam mo·xitši He is old. underlying form: #mo·xot -ši. Morph: aorist.

mo·xitšiw   v. when you get old, when it gets old. mo·xitšiw ʔan When it's old. underlying form: #mo·xot -šiw. Morph: neutral verbal noum nominative case.

mo·xoʔto   n. old man. underlying form: #mo·xot -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case. Variant: moxoʔto.

mo·yinši   v. was tired. he·či naʔ mo·yinši I'm tired now. mo·yinši naʔ I got tired. or I was getting tired. wɨxnat naʔ mo·yinši I had gotten tired. hin maʔ mo·yinši Did you get tired? underlying form: #mo·yon -ši. Morph: aorist.

mo·yon   v. will be tired. mo·yon nihiʔ I will get tired. wiša nihiʔ mo·yon I'll get tired later on. underlying form: #mo·yon -0. Morph: future.

mo·yʼukʼ/   n-theme. whirlwind. locative: mo·yʼukʼiw. Note: Related language Yawelmani mo·yʼakʼ

mo·yʼukʼiw   n. Whirlwind Place. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ ŋawši mo·yʼukʼiw And they arrived at Whirlwind place. underlying form: mo·yʼukʼ/ iw. Morph: locative case. The name of a place of special doings. A hole was there where people ate dirt before they had hands--related to the beginning of the world story. Here is Cecileʼs telling of how people got their hands at Whirlwind Place: 0. mo·yʼukʼiw 1. hiya·mʼu mayʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ ʔanikʼ nay čʰə·šašin 2. ʔam ʔanikʼ wastʰutʰaši ha·ʔa hawit kʰušne·lowaš yow we·ʔi tuya maxaʔ 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tiŋta tuyšu mo·yʼukʼiw 4. ʔamaʔ tʰašti kʰayʼiw ʔə·kʼaš to·yatiy tʰihinʼ tiŋta 5. ʔamaʔ tošši limkʼa tiŋta tʰihinʼ to·yatiy 6. ʔam wɨxnat ʔinšiš piye·na tʰihinʼ mayʼin pʼaʔanʼa wi tɨʔsɨn mayʼ ʔanikʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ 7. ʔamaʔ tʰašti kʰayʼiw tʰaŋ xa·xiy nim pʰuṭʰo·ŋa tʰašti wakʼiy 8. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hiʔ tuyo·na nay nim tuya 9. ʔamaʔ ṭʼuxit xa·xiy ʔam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ pʰuṭʰo·ŋa witʔin xoʔen 10. ʔamaʔ kʼačʼe·čʼayʼwʼo xa·xiy nim pʰuṭʰoŋ tʰašti wakʼiy 11. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ kʰayʼiw tʰawṭʰuŋiṭʰ ʔoho·ʔoš 0. Whirlwind Place 1. Long ago people had hands like dogsʼ 2. They couldn't use their (hands) to cook or get food or anything. 3. And they ate dirt at Whirlwind place. 4. And coyote went to see them eating dirt. 5. Then he told Praire Falcon (Cecile changes this to Eagle later): They are eating dirt. 6. That is not good, they will eat up our land, we must make them hands. 7. Then coyote said to him: Give them my hands. 8. Then they will eat like I eat. 9. And Eagle said: It's no good, they couldn't live right with those hands. 10 Then lizard said: Give them my hands. 11. And coyote wanted to kill him right there. 12. ʔamaʔ tiŋtaw kʼačʼe·čʼayʼwʼo pʰuṭʰoŋ ʔan ʔotʼoyši tiŋtaw 13. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ kʰayʼiw xay ʔiništʰaš tʰawṭʰuŋiṭʰ tʰaw ʔoho·ʔot 14. pučʼičʼ ʔamaʔ čʰitapʰ ʔan tawitʰ pʰatuwunšu yakʰawaw 15. ʔam tʰaŋ wastʰuš kʰayʼwin pʰičʰiw 16. ʔamaʔ hotʼo·ʔoniš ʔamaʔ ʔitši tʰaŋ ʔoštʰo muṭʰukʼta·tʰa tʰaŋ 17. ʔamaʔ tʰa·nitʰ tʰišši kʼačʼe·čʼayʼwʼo niwit yow yakʰawaw waʔa hattinši 18. tʰa·nitʰ tʰaŋ kʰayʼiwa halʼwaštʰit 19. ṭʼuxit maxši ʔan tʰaŋ pʰuṭʰoŋin ʔan šə·pʰa tiŋtaw 20. ʔamaʔ tʰa·ŋi mayʼa wakʼiyši pʰuṭʰo·ŋin tʰašti 21. tʰa·ŋi mayʼ ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ 22. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat ʔanikʼ tuya šimiyaʔ kʼumuy ha·ʔintʰa 12. Then lizard marked his hand in the dirt 13. And coyote jumped on him wanting to kill him. 14. Small and quick, he went into the rock. 15. The coyote couldn't catch him. 16. Then he built a fire and fanned the fire making it smoke. 17 Then lizard got out from there and climbed higher to another rock. 18. From there he was laughing at coyote. 19. Eagle got the hand (print) marked in the ground. 20 and he gave that to the people. 21. That's why people's hands are good. 22 And that's how they get their food, seeds, and anything else.

mukʰeyayi   n. aunts. See: mo·kʰoy.

mukʰiš   n. woman. Variant: mukʼiš.

mukʼešakŋiṭʰ   n. womanhood. hawtaw mukʼe·ši ʔanikʼ ŋawa·ʔat mukʼešakŋiṭʰ pahathay ʔanikʼ puno·xutʰa tʰašti When women arrive at their womanhood their parents put them on a diet. See: mukʼiš.

mukʼešhi   n. women. xo·now tʰihinʼ to·ʔatiʔhat mukʼešhi They were always playing, the women. underlying form: mukʼe·ši/ -h- -i. Morph: accusative case.

mukʼešhin   n. women's. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ mukʼešhin niwti ʔočoy And women's design is different. underlying form: mukʼe·ši/ -h- -in. Morph: plural oblique genitive case. Variant: mukʼišhin.

mukʼe·ši   n. women. poŋoy mukʼe·ši two women. underlying form: mukʼe·ši/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mukʼe·ši/   n-theme. girls, women. nominative: mukʼe·ši. accusative: mukʼešhi. genitive: mikʼešhin. genitive: mukʼišhin.

mukʼiš   n. woman. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. mukʼiš tʰa nan woṭʰo·ʔičʼ ʔə·kʼaš mari The woman who hit me saw Mary. underlying form: mukʼiš/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: mukʰiš.

mukʼiš/   n-theme. woman. nominative: mukʼiš. accusative: mukʼši. genitive: mukʼšin. Pl: mukʼe·ši. Variant: mukʰiš. Note: Related language Chukchansi mokʰe·laʔ (NAS)

mukʼišhin   n. women's. yow mukʼišhin toʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ And it was a women's game and they played it. underlying form: mukʼe·ši/ -h -in. Morph: non-singular genitive case. Variant: mukʼešhin.

mukʼši   n. woman. mari ʔə·kʼaš tʰaŋ mukʰši ʔan wuṭʰa jan Mary saw the woman who hit John. underlying form: mukʼiš/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

mukʼšin   n. woman's. jan ʔə·kʼaš tʰaŋ mukʼšin nan woṭo John saw the woman who hit me. underlying form: mukʼši/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

munwita·ʔa   n. one who puts x in the mouth. xunay nahni tʰihinʼ munwita·ʔa ʔotʼyit Sometimes they would even put it in their mouths like that. underlying form: mo·no/ -witi -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive of the-witi form.

munʼaw   prt. outside. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔopʰotšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow munʼaw ʔotʼyit Then they put it outside in the sun again. Morph: locative particle.

munʼmunʼšiʔin   v. eight at a time. munʼmunʼšiʔin tʰaŋ tʰantaš He took eight at a time. underlying form: #munʼuš -ʼ...a -ʔin. Morph: distributive resultative gerundial.

munʼoš   n. eight. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ munʼoš ʔanikʼ huwočʰ And they have eight dice. poŋoy ṭʼiyew munʼoš twenty eight. underlying form: munʼoš/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related languages Yawelmani munʼos Chukchansi munʼoš

munʼoš/   n-theme. eight. nominative: munʼoš. locative: mo·nʼowšaw.

munʼšam   v. eight times, eighth, eighteen. underlying form: #munʼuš -ʼ...am. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

munʼšat   v. eight times, eighth, eighteen. Note: Related language Chukchansi monʼšilʼ

muskiytʰaʔ   n. mosquito. From: English mosquito. Variant: moskʰitʰaʔ.

mutitši   v. cheated. underlying form: #motot -ši. Morph: aorist.

muttin   v. will cheat. underlying form: #motot -in. Morph: future.

muṭʰikʼna   n. dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

muṭʰixši   v. was dirty. underlying form: #muṭʰux -ši. Morph: aorist.

muṭʰkʼin   v. will be dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -0. Morph: future.

muṭʰkʼin/   v-theme. get dirty. underlying form: mo·ṭʰukʼ -in. durative present: mo·ṭʰokʼin. durative aorist: mo·ṭʰokʼnoš. imperative: muṭʰkʼin. aorist: muṭʰkʼinši. future: moṭʰkʼon. precative gerunidal: muṭʰkʼinʔaš. neutral verbal noun: muṭʰkʼina. retardative: mu·ṭʰukʼ. passive verbal noun: moṭʰokʼhonʼo. consequent adjunctive: moṭʰkʼonhiy. neutral agentive: moṭʰkʼonʔičʼ. Note: Related language Yawelmani mo·ṭʼakʼ 'smoke'

muṭʰkʼinši   v. dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

muṭʰkʼinʔaš   v. let x get dirty. underlying form: muṭʰkʼin/ -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

muṭʰukʼta·tʰa   v. cause to smoke. ʔamaʔ hotʼo·ʔoniš ʔamaʔ ʔitši tʰaŋ ʔoštʰo muṭʰukʼta·tʰa tʰaŋ Then he built a fire and fanned it making it smoke. underlying form: #mo·ṭʰukʼ -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

muṭʰukʼwit   n. smoky. underlying form: muṭʰu·kʼwiti/ -0. Morph: nuetral verbal noun nominative case.

muṭʰukʼwite·na   v. will get smoky. underlying form: muṭʰu·kʼwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

muṭʰukʼwiti/   v-theme. smoky, to get smoky. future: muṭʰukʼwite·na. aorist: muṭʰukʼwitši. imperative: muṭʰukʼwit. underlying form: #mo·ṭʰukʼ -witi.

muṭʰukʼwitši   v. got smoky. underlying form: muṭʰukʼwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

muṭʰxin   v. will be dirty. muṭʰxin nihiʔ I'll be dirty. underlying form: #muṭʼux -in. Morph: future.

muṭʰxinši   v. was being dirtied. underlying form: #muṭʰux -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

muxit   v. will get old. muxit hiʔ I'll get old. underlying form: #mo·xot -0. Morph: future.

mu·la   n. mule. Morph: nominative case. From: Spanish mula.

mu·ṭʰukʼ   n. smoke. underlying form: #mo·ṭʰukʼ -0. Morph: retardative nominative case. Variant: mo·ṭʰukʰ.

mʼamʼnʼa   n. berry. xi kʰuṭʼun ṭʼowʼoʔonʼa mʼamʼnʼa This man has a berry. underlying form: mʼa·mʼin/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

mʼa·mʼinʼ   n. blackberries. underlying form: mʼa·mʼinʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

mʼa·mʼinʼ/   n-theme. berry, blackberry. nominative: mʼa·mʼinʼ. accusative: mʼamʼnʼa. Note: Related language Chukchansi ma·milʼ 'blackberry'

mʼučʰawʼ   n. black spider. Note: Related language me·čʼa 'black widow'