P - p

pačʼak/   v-theme. get red. medio-passive: pačʼikin. Pl: pačʼe·kaš.

pačʼakʰwitaw   n. at it's getting red, on the red. xununnay ʔan pačʼakʰwitaw When it gets redder. underlying form: pačʼakʰwiti/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pačʼakʰwite·na   v. will get red. čʰan hiʔ pačʼakʰwite·na It's going to get red. underlying form: pačʼakʰwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

pačʼakʰwiti/   v-theme. get red. aorist: pačʼakʰwitši. future: pačʼakʰwite·na. non-directive gerundial: pačʼakʰwitšiw. locative: pačʼakʰwitaw. underlying form: pačʼak/ -witi/. See: pačʼikin 'red'.

pačʼakʰwitši   v. getting red. hiyam pačʼakʰwitši It's getting red. underlying form: pačʼakwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pačʼakʰwitšiw   v. when it gets red. underlying form: pačʼakʰwiti/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

pačʼe·kaš   n. red ones. underlying form: pačʼak/ -š. Morph: non-singular, plural.

pačʼikin   n. red. hə·pa pačʼikin red blood. pačʼikin tʰa ṭʰiʔ meṭʰ The red house is big. underlying form: pačʼak/ -in -0. Morph: medio-passive nominative case.

pahathay   n. parents. hawtaw mukʼe·ši ʔanikʼ ŋawa·ʔat mukʼešakŋiṭʰ pahathay ʔanikʼ puno·xutʰa tʰašti When women arrive at their womanhood their parents put them on a diet. underlying form: pahathay/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pahathay/   n-theme. parents. nominative: pahathay. genitive: pahathayin. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰohulhay

pahathayin   n. parents'. witʰe·pin čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ pe·yapyaŋiṭʰ ʔan pahathayin The boy's work was finished by his parents. underlying form: pahathay/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pahaʔṭʼa   n. grown-up, old man. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case.

pahaʔṭʼa   n. older. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative case.

palaxa   n. playing card.

pamʼutʰa   v. smoking. Morph: durative present.

pamʼuʔ   v. smoke. Note: Related languages Yawelmani paʔmo·/ 'to smoke (a cigarette), Chukchansi baʔomʼ 'smoke tobacco', Chukchansi pamʼot (NAS)

pan   n. bread. xotowot tʰa han tʰa ʔanikʼ pan They make hard acorn bisquits and that is their bread. underlying form: pan/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Chukchansi pa·naʔ

pan/   n-theme. bread. nominative: pan. accusative: pana. genitive: panin. dative: pana·ŋi. ablative: pana·nitʰ. locative: panaw. intensive possessor: panʔiyin. acquisitive: panna. acquisitive: panna·tʰa. Pl: pane·wayʼi. From: Spanish pan.

pana   n. bread. yow tʰihinʼ han təʔsat pisikʰčʼa pana Or they would make it into bisquit bread. underlying form: pan/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

panasčʰinat   v. want to wipe. underlying form: #pa·nas -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

panasʔiy   v. place to wipe hand over. underlying form: #pa·nas -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

panaw   n. on the bread. underlying form: pan/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

panaʔsa   v. make x wipe. underlying form: #pa·nas -a -0. Morph: causative.

pana·nitʰ   n. away from the bread. underlying form: pan/-nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pana·ŋi   n. bread. wakʼiy nan xe·ŋi pana·ŋi Give me this bread! underlying form: pan/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pana·saš   v. was wiping. underlying form: #pa·nas -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

pana·sat   v. is wiping. underlying form: #pa·nas -at. Morph: durative present.

pana·sičʼ   n. one who wipes hand over. underlying form: #pa·naš -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

pana·sitʰ   v. was wiped by. underlying form: #pa·nas -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

pane·wayʼ/   n-theme. breads. nominative: pane·wayʼi. underlying form: pan/ -e·- wayʼ. Morph: plural.

pane·wayʼi   n. breads. underlying form: pane·wayʼ/ -i. Morph: nominative case.

panin   n. bread's. underlying form: pan/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

panistʰiwšaš   v. wiped for each other. underlying form: #pa·nas -ištʰ -iwša -š. Morph: indirective reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

pankalači   n. tribe name (Bankalachi). Morph: nominative case. Note: consultant refers to these poeple as the Tejon people

panna   n. get bread!, make bread! underlying form: pan/ -na- -0. Morph: acquisitive imperative.

panna·tʰa   n. making or getting a lot of bread. underlying form: pan/ -na- -tʰa. Morph: acquisitive durative present.

pansa   n. wiping. underlying form: #pa·nas -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pansin   v. will wipe hand over. nahiʔ pansin I will wipe the hand over. underlying form: #pa·nas -in. Morph: future. Variant: pa·nisin.

pansištʰaš   v. wiped for x. underlying form: #pa·nas -ištʰa -š. Morph: indirective aorist.

panwit   v. fanning motion. See: #pa·nas 'to wipe'.

panʔiyin   n. all lot of bread, making bread all the time, always have a whole lot of bread. underlying form: pan/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

papʼ   n. grandmother, mother's son's children, father's mother. papʼ father's mother. tošši ʔan papʼ ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ha·ʔačʼi hunʼayiw tʰaŋ tomtʰow {He} told his grandmother I saw someone different over the mountain. underlying form: papʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

papʼ/   n-theme. paternal grandmother, mother's son's children. nominative: papʼ. decendent: papʼumam. diminutive: papʼa·čʼa. diminutive: papʼa·yʼa. Pl: papʼe·ʔi.

papʼa·ča   n. grandaughter, grandson. underlying form: papʼ/ -čʼa. Morph: diminutive.

papʼa·čʼanʼi   n. babies. underlying form: papʼa·čʼa -nʼ- -i. Morph: plural nominative case.

papʼa·yʼa   n. grandma. underlying form: papʼe·/ -yʼa. Morph: diminutive.

papʼe·ʔi   n. paternal grandmothers. underlying form: papʼ/ -i. Morph: plural.

papʼumam   n. deceased paternal grandmother. underlying form: papʼ/ -mam. Morph: decedent.

pas   n. bone marrow. Note: Related language Yawelmani paṣ

pasyalit   v. visit. ʔamaʔ haʔ hiča ʔan xa·yʼo tʰaxnat mayʼwa pasyalit And what might he be saying: we all are coming to visit. Morph: durative present. Note: Related language Chukchansi pasyalit (NAS)

pašawtʰawši   v. travelling together. Morph: durative reflexive-reciprocal.

pašayŋiṭʰ   v. crawling. ʔoho·ʔot min pašayŋiṭʰ Do you want to go bye-bye? Lit: Do you want your crawling? underlying form: #pašay -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

patawʼ/   v-theme. bring. medio-passive: patawʼun/.

patawʼun/   v-theme. be taken in. aorist: patwʼunšu. future: patwʼun. passive gerundial: patawʼuŋṭʰu. neutral verbal noun: patawʼunwačʼ. underlying form: patawʼ/ -in. Morph: medio passive.

patawʼunwačʼ   n. long, blue lizard. underlying form: patawʼun/ -wačʼ. Morph: agentive. Note: Appears in story of a lizard which enters the anus if one bends down

pata·wʼuŋṭʰu   v. taking in. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ min pata·wʼuŋṭʰu I saw you taking it inside. underlying form: patawʼu/ -ŋṭʰi. Morph: passive gerundial.

patuw   n. downstream, downhill. patuw tʰanši It's going downstream. Note: Related language Yawelmani paluw 'downhill'

patwʼun   v. will go in. patwʼun mam hiʔ It will go into you. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ mayʼ wɨxnat patwʼun ʔanikʼ tʰa po·saʔ ʔanikʼ pottʰaw And they, people, do that a lot until their power will go into their body. underlying form: patawʼun/ -0. Morph: future.

patwʼunšu   v. took in. hiyam patwʼunšu It is already in. underlying form: patawʼun/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

paṭʰ   prt. as usual, with a degree of dislike or disdain, usually. hiyam paṭʰ tʰaxinši He already came, as usual. (said when you dislike him). hiyam paṭʰ wa·xinši He was making trouble as usual. Morph: aspectual particle. Note: Related language Yawelmani paṭʰ

paʔo·nayin   n. yellowjacket's. underlying form: paʔo·nʼay/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

paʔo·nʼay   n. yellowjacket. underlying form: paʔo·nʼay/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

paʔo·nʼay/   n-theme. yellowjacket. nominative: paʔo·nʼay. genitive: paʔo·nʼayin. Note: Related language Yawelmani paʔo·nay

pa·haṭʼ   n. elder.

pa·haṭʼhuṭʼ   n. elders, grown-ups. See: pahaṭʰʔa.

pa·ka   n. cow. underlying form: pa·ka/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: pa·kʰa.

pa·ka/   n-theme. cow. nominative: pa·ka. genitive: pa·kiʔin. From: Spanish 'vaca'.

pa·kiʔin   n. cow's. underlying form: pa·ka/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pa·kʰa   n. cow. natʰetʰ nimikʼ huyo·čʼu kawa·yuʔ ʔamaʔ yow pa·kʰa yow haya·tiw čʼo·wʼotʰo Our father liked horses and also cattle and worked in the summertime. Variant: pa·ka.

pa·kʼat   n. remembering. Morph: neutral verbal noun. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰakʼatʰ 'remind'

pa·mukʰ   n. saw grass shoots, new shoots of the saw grass plant, used for basket making.

pa·nis   v. wipe! underlying form: #pa·nas -0. Morph: imperative.

pa·nishan   v. was wiped by x. underlying form: #pa·nas -han. Morph: passive.

pa·nisin   v. will wipe the hand over. underlying form: #pa·nas -in. Morph: future. Variant: pansin.

pa·nisši   v. was wiped. naʔ pa·nisši I wiped. underlying form: #pa·nas -ši. Morph: aorist.

pa·nisʔaš   v. let x wipe. underlying form: #pa·nas -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

pa·niš   v. caught up. underlying form: #pa·na -š. Morph: durative aorist.

pa·nit   v. will catch up. underlying form: #pa·na -t. Morph: future.

pa·pas   n. potatoes. pa·pas nay ʔan xo·ʔoxiy ʔam čʰanʼiʔ meṭʰnay puninhat tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ tʰaʔan ʔotʰtat It is potato like and not very big, small things that they also dig. From: Spanish 'papa'.

pepnʼaʔ   n. tree mushroom.

pewna   v. sewing. underlying form: pe·wan/ -0. Morph: accusative case.

pewnat   v. might sew. underlying form: #pi·win -at. hičʰa naʔ naʔas pewnat I might sew. underlying form: #pi·win -at. Morph: dubitative.

pewnin   v. will sew. underlying form: #pi·win -in. Morph: future.

pewniwšaš   v. sewed for oneself. underlying form: #pi·win -iwša -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

pe·čʼiyʼ   n. older brother. underlying form: nipečʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. term of endearment--used by family.

pe·laš   n. pears. From: English 'pears'. Variant: peʔelaš.

pe·mančʰuyʼ   n. hummingbird. Note: Related language Chukchansi te·mayʼsuʔ

pe·nat   v. is low. pe·nat nim mono·xičʼ yow hawʼečeyʼ ho·pʰut yow maxa·ʔat My black root is low and it is hard to get those roots. underlying form: #pe·ni -at. Morph: durative present.

pe·naʔ   n. comb. From: Spanish 'peine'.

pe·wan   n. sewing. underlying form: #pi·win -0. Morph: nominative case.

pe·wan/   n-theme. sewing. nominative: pe·wan. accusative: pewna. underlying form: #pi·win -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

pe·win   v. sew! underlying form: #pi·win -0. Morph: imperative.

pe·winhan   v. being sewn by x. underlying form: #pi·win -han. Morph: passive.

pe·winŋiṭʰ   v. will be sewn by. underlying form: #pi·win -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

pe·winši   v. sewn. underlying form: #pi·win -ši. Morph: aorist.

pe·wintʰin   v. sewn by. pe·wintʰin ʔan When she sewed it. underlying form: #pi·win -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

pe·winʔaš   v. Let x sew. pe·winʔaš naʔ Let me sew. underlying form: #pi·win ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

pe·winʔin   v. while sewing. underlying form: #pi·win -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pe·wona   n. sewing. Note: an abberant form

pe·yapiy   v. finishing. pe·yapiy ʔan čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi He is finishing his work. hiyam tʰaŋ pe·yapiy He is finishing it. underlying form: #piyi -0. Morph: durative present.

pe·yapyaŋiṭʰ   v. is being finished. hiyam pe·yapyaŋiṭʰ It is being finished. pe·yapyaŋiṭʰ ʔanikʼ čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ Their work was finished by soneone else. underlying form: #piyi -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

pe·yapyiš   v. was finishing. hiyam pe·yapyiš He was finishing. hiyam naʔ pe·yapyiš nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I had already finished my job. underlying form: #piyi -0 -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

pəŋaʔa·čʼa   n. fogs. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ pəŋaʔa·čʼa I saw the fogs. underlying form: pə·ŋa/ -ačʼ -a. Morph: plural accusative.

pəŋa·ʔačʼhaŋ   n. about the fogs. underlying form: pə·ŋa/ -ačʼ -h -aŋ. Morph: neutral agentive plural oblique dative case.

pəxyat   n. clouds, underlying form: #pɨxə·y/ -at. Morph: plural.

pə·ŋa   n. fog. underlying form: pə·ŋa/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: pə·ŋiʔ.

pə·ŋa/   n-theme. fog. nominative: pə·ŋa. accusative: pə·ŋaʔ. genitive: pə·ŋɨʔɨn. dative: pə·ŋaŋ. ablative: pə·ŋanitʰ. Pl: pəŋaʔa·čʼa.

pə·ŋaŋ   n. fog. underlying form: pə·na/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pə·ŋaʔ   n. fog. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ pə·ŋaʔ I saw the fog. underlying form: pə·ŋa/ -ʔ. Morph: accusative case.

pə·ŋiʔ   n. fog. Variant: pə·ŋa.

pə·ŋɨʔɨn   n. fog's. underlying form: pə·ŋa/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pilho·liš   n. beans. Variant: polxoliš. From: Span frijoles.

pilxoliš   n. beans. Variant: pilho·liš. From: Spanish 'frijoles'.

pisiʔčʼa   n. biscuits. yow tʰihinʼ han təʔsat pisiʔčʼa pana Or they would make it into bisquit bread. From: English bisquit.

pite·kʼa   n. shitty. hə·pa pite·kʼa diarrhea "bloody shit". underlying form: pitikʼ/ -a. Morph: inchoative.

pitikʼ   n. excrement. Note: Related languages Yawelmani pitikʼ 'excrement' Chukchansi bitikʼ 'faeces'

pitikʼ/   n. excrement. nominative: pitikʼ. inchoative: pite·kʼa.

pitʰetʰši   v. teaching. underlying form: pitʰetʰši/ -0. Morph: durative.

pitʰetʰši/   v-theme. teach. durative: pitʰetʰši. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰitʰelse·/

piwančʰinat   v. want to sew. underlying form: #pi·win -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

piwanta   v. sew repeatedly! underlying form: piwanta/ -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

piwanta/   v-theme. sew repeatedly. imperative: piwanta. future: piwantat. underlying form: #pi·win -ta. Morph: repetitive.

piwantat   v. will sew repeatedly. underlying form: piwanta/ -t. Morph: repetitive future.

piwaʔnanʼa   v. that which was sewn. underlying form: #pi·win -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

piwa·nitʰ   v. was sewn by. underlying form: #pi·win -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

piwenčʼi   v. sewer. underlying form: piwe·nicʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

piwenčʼin   v. sewer's. underlying form: piwe·nič/ʼ -in. Morph: genitive case.

piwenčʼinitʰ   n. away from the sewer. underlying form: piwe·nič/ʼ -initʰ. Morph: ablative case.

piwenʔaš   v. Let x sew. underlying form: #pi·win -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

piwenʔiy   v. sewing thing, sewing place. ʔawo·xaʔ piwenʔiy The needle is sewing. underlying form: #pi·win -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

piweʔni   v. make x sew. underlying form: #pi·win -i. Morph: causative.

piwe·naš   v. was sewing. piwe·naš naʔ I was sewing. underlying form: #pi·win -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

piwe·nat   v. is sewing. piwe·nat naʔ I am sewing. underlying form: #pi·win -at. Morph: durative present.

piwe·ničʼ   n. one who sews. underlying form: piwe·ničʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

piwe·ničʼ/   n-theme. one who sews. nominative: piwe·ničʼ. accusative: piwenčʼi. genitive: piwenčʼin. ablative: piwenčʼinitʰ. underlying form: #pi·win -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

piwinšatʰ   v. will sew for x. underlying form: #pi·win -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

piwinwaš   v. will sew for oneself. underlying form: #pi·win -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

piwništʰaš   v. sewed for x. underlying form: #pi·win -ištʰa -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

piwwitši   v. ringing in ears, ringing lightly, ring like a bell. hiyam piwwitši It is already ringing in the ears. underlying form: #piwwit -ši. Morph: aorist.

piy   v. finish! underlying form: #piyi -0. Morph: imperative.

piya   v. finishing. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan piya I saw him finishing it. to·ʔot nim piya Let me finish! to·ʔot nim tʰaŋ piya Let me finish it. underlying form: #piyi -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

piyat   v. might finish. hičʰa naʔas tʰaŋ piyat He should finish it. underlying form: #piyi -at. Morph: dubitative.

piyatʰ   v. was finished. piyatʰ nim I finished it. underlying form: #piyi -tʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: piyitʰ.

piyaʔa   v. finisher. underlying form: #piyi -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

piyeṭʰši   v. twisted. underlying form: #piyeṭʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

piye·hiy   n. finishing place. underlying form: #piyi -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive nominative case.

piye·na   v. will finish. čʰa naʔ piye·na nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I will finish working soon. kʰuhṭʰun tʰaŋ hiʔ piye·na The boy will finish it. underlying form: #piyi -e·na. Morph: future.

piye·ʔičʼ   v. finisher. underlying form: #piyi -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

piyhačʰinat   v. wants to finish. pami tʰaŋ piyhačʰinat Pam wants to finish it. underlying form: #piyi -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

piyhan   v. finished by someone. underlying form: #piyi -han. Morph: passive.

piyhanŋiṭʰ   v. being finished by someone. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ kʼačʼawin piyhanŋiṭʰ I saw the basket being finished. underlying form: #piyi -han -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive predicated gerundial.

piyin   v. finished by. wite·pin hiʔ piyin It will be finished by the boy. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ piyin ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰaŋ ma·pʼamipʼ ša·xalŋi yow we·ʔi ha·ŋitʰaw kʼiwʼšaŋ And when they finish it there, they fill it with tar or whatever hard thing they have. underlying form: #piyi -in. Morph: medio-passive.

piyinši   v. finished, gone. hiyam nay piyinši It's' nearly gone. piyinši mayʼin tuy Our food's gone. underlying form: #piyi -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

piyitʰ   v. was finished. hiyam nim piyitʰ It was finished by me. nim čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰ piyitʰ nim nipe·čʼin My work was finished by my brother. underlying form: #piyi -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: piyatʰ.

piyna   n. getting finished. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan piyna I saw it finished. underlying form: #piya -na. Morph: acquisitive.

piyŋiṭʰ   v. will be finished. piyŋiṭʰ hiʔ It will be finished. hiyam hiʔ piyŋiṭʰ It will already be finished. underlying form: #piyi -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

piyši   v. finished, finish, be ready. hiyam naʔ piyši nim čʼo·wʼoŋṭʰi I finished working. piyši naʔ hiyam I'm already finished. underlying form: #piyi -ši. Morph: aorist.

piyšitʰši   v. finished for someone. witʰep nan piyšitʰši The boy finished for me. witʰe·pin našuš pitšitʰši tʰaŋ ʔan čʼo·wʼoŋiṭʰin The boy's mother finished his work. underlying form: #piyi -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

piyšiw   v. when finishing. janin piyšiw nihiʔ tʰahan When Jon finishes I'll go. underlying form: #piyi -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

piyta   v. make someone finish. piyta tʰaŋ Make him finish! underlying form: #piyi -ta. Morph: causative.

piytaš   v. made somone finish. wixat naʔ tʰaŋ piytaš I made him finish several times. underlying form: #piyi -ta -š. Morph: causative durative aorist.

piyta·tʰa   v. making someone finish. piytatʰa tʰaŋ Making him finish it. underlying form: #piyi -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

piytʰin   v. finished by x. biytʰin nim I had finished it. piytʰin nim tʰanši When I finished it, it went. underlying form: #piyi -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

piywišši   v. finished for each other. underlying form: #piyi -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

piyʔaš   v. let someone finish. piyʔaš nim Let me finish. underlying form: #piyi -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

piyʔaščʰinat   v. wanting to let someone finish. ʔamaʔ ʔə·kʼaš kʰayiw hiyam tʰaŋ piyʔaščʰinat And coyote already saw him wanting to let him finish. underlying form: #piyi -ʔaš -čʰin -at. Morph: precative gerundial desiderative durative present.

piyʔin   v. being finished. piyʔin tʰanši Being finished, he left. piyʔin naʔ tʰanši I left when I finished. underlying form: #piyi -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pɨxəy   n. cloud. pɨxəy naʔ ʔəkʼaš I saw the cloud. underlying form: pɨxə·y/-0. Morph: nominative and accusative case.

pɨxəynɨtʰ   n. away from the cloud. underlying form: pɨxə·y -nɨtʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pɨxə·y/   n-theme. cloud. nominative: pɨxəy. accusative: pɨxəy. accusative: pɨxə·yɨ. dative: pɨxə·yaŋ. genitive: pɨxə·yɨn. ablative: pɨxəynɨtʰ. locative: pɨxə·yɨw. Pl: pəxyat.

pɨxə·yɨn   n. cloud's. underlying form: pɨxə·y/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pɨxə·yɨŋ   n. cloud. underlying form: pɨxə·y/ -iŋ. Morph: dative case.

pɨxə·yɨw   n. to the cloud. pɨxə·yɨw naʔ tʰan I go to the cloud. underlying form: pɨxə·y/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pɨxyaš   v. was cloudy. underlying form: #pɨxɨ·y -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

pɨxyat   v. cloudy. underlying form: #pɨxɨ·y -at. Morph: durative present.

pɨxyɨn   v. will be cloudy. underlying form: #pɨxɨ·y -in. Morph: future.

poctʼom   n. twelve.

pohoṭʼʔun   v. when x matures, gets older. witʰep xi pohoṭʼʔun This child grew up. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pohuṭʼ   v. will grow, will mature. pohuṭʼ hiʔ witʰep The child will grow up. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -0. Morph: future.

pohuṭʼšiw   v. while growing. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan pohuṭʼšiw I saw him growing up. hiyam pohuṭʼšiw Already grown up. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

pohuṭʼšu   v. growing up. hiyam pohuṭʼšu witʰep The child is already grown. ʔamaʔ pučʼoŋ ʔan pohuṭʼšu Then his son grew up. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -šu. Morph: aorist.

pokokʰno   n. burrowing owl.

pokʰtin   n. spring's (water). pokʰtin ʔitkʼa The spring's water. underlying form: po·kʰit/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pokʼ   v. find! underlying form: #pokʼo -0. Morph: imperative.

pokʼhačʰinat   v. want to find. pokʼhačʰinat naʔ tʰaŋ I want to find it. underlying form: #pokʼo -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present. Note: Consultant states that this form is used when you have no idea where to look for something.

pokʼhon   v. found by someone. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan pokʼhon I saw his being found. underlying form: #pokʼo -hon. Morph: passive voice.

pokʼo   n. finding. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim tʰaŋ pokʼo I want to find it. underlying form: #pokʼo -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

pokʼopokʼo/   v-theme. find over and over. aorist: pokʼpokʼši. underlying form: #pokʼo -0. Morph: this verb theme is the reduplicated form of #pokʼo.

pokʼot   v. might find. hičʰa naʔas naʔ tʰaŋ pokʼot I might find it. underlying form: #pokʼo -ot. Morph: dubitative.

pokʼotʰ   v. was found by someone. pokʼotʰ nim tʰa kʼačʼaw The basket was found by me. underlying form: #pokʼo -otʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: pukʼetʰ.

pokʼoʔčʼi   n. finder. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tʰaŋ pokʼoʔčʼi nan I saw the one who found me. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔoč/ʼ -i. Morph: accusative case.

pokʼoʔčʼin   n. finder's. pokʼoʔčʼin pʰuṭʰoŋ The finder's hand. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔoč/ʼ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pokʼoʔčʼinitʰ   n. away from the finder. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔočʼ/ -initʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pokʼoʔčʼiŋ   n. with the finder. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔočʼ/ -iŋ. Morph: dative case.

pokʼoʔčʼiw   n. to the finder. tʰanši naʔ xew pokʼoʔčiw I walked to the doctor. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔočʼ/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pokʼoʔo   v. one who finds things. underlying form: #pokʼo -ʔo. Morph: consequent agentive.

pokʼo·ʔočʼ   n. finder. tʰaxinši xew pokʼo·ʔočʼ nan She came here to find me. tʰa yetʼ xew tʰaxnaš pokʼo·ʔočʼ nan tʰanši The one who came here to find me left. underlying form: #pokʼo·ʔočʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pokʼo·ʔočʼ/   n. finder. nominative: pokʼo·ʔočʼ. accusative: pokʼoʔčʼi. genitive: pokʼoʔčʼin. dative: pokʼoʔčʼiŋ. ablative: pokʼoʔčʼinitʰ. locative: pokʼoʔčʼiw. underlying form: #pokʼo -ačʼ.

pokʼpokʼ   v. find repeateadly. Note: Reduplicated form to mark repeated action Variant: pukʼpokʼ.

pokʼpokʼši   v. found repeatedly. underlying form: pokʼopokʼo/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pokʼto   v. make someone find! nan pokʼto Make me find it! underlying form: #pokʼo -to. Morph: causative imperative.

pokʼto·tʰo   v. making find. pokʼto·tʰo tʰaŋ Making him find it. underlying form: #pokʼo -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative aorist.

pokʼʔoš   v. let someone find. ʔan hiʔ pokʼʔoš Let him find it. underlying form: #pokʼo -ʔoš. Morph: precative gerundial.

ponxat   v. fast, refrain from eating. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ponxat ʔam tʰihinʼ to·yatiy še·šatʰ They fast and they don't eat meat. underlying form: #punux -at. Morph: durative present.

poŋoy   n. two. poŋoy mukʼe·ši two women. ṭʼiyʼew yow poŋoy twelve. poŋoy ṭʼiyew munʼoš twenty eight. underlying form: poŋoy/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ponoy Chukchansi ponoyʼ (NAS)

poŋoy/   n-theme. two. nominative: poŋoy. accusative: poŋya.

poŋoy ṭʼiyʼew   n. twenty. Morph: two tens.

poŋya   n. two. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ pʰawʼta·tʰa poŋya ʔopʰšu Then they fill it in to two months. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ ʔan ṭʼe·kʼaṭʼikʼ we·ʔi ʔan yetʼ yow poŋya ʔan ʔopʰšiw And they tie its [hands] there for one or two months. underlying form: poŋoy/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pošwat   v. cracking. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pošwat Then they crack it. underlying form: #pušuw -at. Morph: durative present.

pošwoʔ   v. crack. underlying form: #pušuw -0 -ʔ. Morph: neutral verbal noun absolutive.

pošwoʔo   v. ready to crack. ʔamaʔ hawtaw kʼumuy šaʔnat ʔamaʔ hiyam pʰawʼši tʰaŋ pošwoʔo And when it is all loosened up then it is ready to crack. underlying form: #pušuw -ʔo. Morph: consequent agentive.

pototiywaṭʰ   n. stink bug. Note: Related language Yawelmani poto·tiywe·ʔic̣ʼ

pottʰa   n. body. underlying form: po·tutʰ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pottʰanitʰ   n. away from the body. underlying form: potutʰ/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pottʰaŋ   n. body. underlying form: potutʰ/-aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pottʰaw   n. on the body, in the body. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ mayʼ wɨxnat patwʼun ʔanikʼ tʰa po·saʔ ʔanikʼ pottʰaw And they, people, do that a lot until their power will go into their body. underlying form: pottutʰ/ -aw. Morph: locative case. Phon: the [w] is voiceless [pottʰaw̥]

pottʰun   n. body's. pottʰun pʰuṭʰoŋ the body's hand. pottʰun pʰuṭʰuŋhayʼ The body's hands. underlying form: potutʰ/ -un. Morph: genitive case.

poṭʰkʼon   v. will sour. underlying form: poṭʰokʼ -on. Morph: future.

poṭʰokʼ   v. sour! underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -0. Morph: imperative.

poṭʰokʼin   v. will sour. underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -in. Morph: future.

poṭʰoʔkʼonʼo   v. that which has rotted. poṭʰoʔkʼonʼo tuyo·ʔučʼ buzard (rotten thing eater). underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -ʔ...onʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun nominative case.

poyʼo·mʼ/   n-theme. pretty. nominative: poyʼo·mʼi. Pl: poyʼumʼhay. causative: puyʼumta. Note: Related languges Yawelmani poyʼo·me·/ Chukchansi poyo·miʔ (NAS)

poyʼo·mʼi   n. pretty. poyʼo·mʼi mukʼiš pretty girl. underlying form: poyʼo·m/ -i. Morph: nominative case.

poyʼumʼhay   n. pretty. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ poyʼumʼhay ʔočay ʔan tɨʔɨsšɨ And they both made pretty designs. underlying form: poyʼo·mʼ/ -hay. Morph: plural.

po·čʼaŋi   n. sons. underlying form: pučʼu·ŋ/ -i. Morph: plural.

po·hat   n. squirrel. geitellus beechevi. underlying form: po·hat/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

po·hat/   n-theme. squirrel. nominative: po·hat. genitive: po·hatin. dative: po·hatŋi. Pl: po·hathay. Note: Related language Yawelmani po·hal

po·hathay   n. squirrels. underlying form: po·hat/ -hay. Morph: nominative case.

po·hatin   n. squirrel's. underlying form: po·hat/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

po·hatŋi   n. squirrel. underlying form: po·hat/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

po·kʰit   n. spring. hutaʔšaš tumtʰin po·kʰit The mountain's spring is running. underlying form: po·kʰit/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

po·kʰit/   n-theme. spring (water). nominative: po·kʰit. genitive: pokʰtin.

po·kʼopikʼ   v. finding. čʰawpaw tʰaŋ po·kʼopikʼ He keeps finding it. underlying form: #pokʼo -0. Morph: durative present.

po·kʼopkʼoš   v. was finding. po·kʼopkʼoš tʰaŋ He was finding it. underlying form: #pokʼo -0 -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

po·mucʼ   n. beak. Variant: po·muṭʼ.

po·muṭʼ   n. beak. Note: Related languages Yawelmani pumuṭʼ Chukchansi pʼumaʔhiʔ Variant: po·mucʼ.

po·pičʼ   n. porcupine. underlying form: po·pičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

po·pičʼ/   n-theme. porcupine. nominative: po·pičʼ. Pl: pupe·čʼi.

po·sa/   n-theme. power, belief. nominative: po·saʔ. Variant: pʰo·šuʔ.

po·saʔ   n. power. kʼumuy nim po·saʔ All my power. Note: Acquiring power through a dream helper was an important part of Wikchmani life. Here is Cecile's account of acquiring power: 1. po·saʔ ʔanikʼ 2. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔaŋaṭʰwattʰa ʔiniša ha·ʔatʰaw ʔamaʔ hantʰaw tʰašti wittʰa ʔamaʔ tʰa ʔanikʼ po·saʔ 3. ʔamaʔ ʔipʰa·ʔat tʰihinʼ hiyamʼ šalʼalʼwitaw 4. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔam to·yatiy še·šatʰ yow tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰa ʔitaʔkʼa to·yatiy hawšun tʰaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ 5. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ mayʼ wɨxnat patwʼun ʔanikʼ tʰa po·saʔ ʔanikʼ pottʰaw 6. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ čʰanʼiʔ tuyo·na ha·ʔatʰa 7. amaʔ tʰihinʼ ha·ŋi tʰaw wita ʔanikʼ tʰa po·saʔ ʔaŋṭʰat ʔanikʼ 8. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat ʔanikʼ tiyʼmʼayʼxay hiyam tʰašti hiyam ʔinešʔin ʔaŋaṭʰwat ʔanikʼ 9. ʔamaʔ čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ pʰisa·ʔat yow čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ ʔam čʰupo·nat haʔa 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ witʔin xo·ʔoxiy po·saʔ ʔan ʔam wɨxnat čʼo·wʼtʰo 11. hanʼtʰa ʔam pʰisa·ʔat yow hičʰa ʔaŋiṭʰwit tʰaŋ tɨʔɨsšat 12. ʔamaʔ tʰaw pʰisa·ʔat ṭʰaʔaṭʰi 1. Their Power 2. When they dream well, whatever the dream tells them, then that is their power. 3. Then they swim early in the morning. 4. And they canʼt eat meat but they eat anything that is watery for as many days as needed. 5. And they, people, do that a lot until their power will go into their body. 6. And then they will again eat something. 7. And whatever they dream they do by their power. 8. Then they get whatever power has been made good for them in their dream. 9. And some are at first told to doctor but some do not believe anything at first. 10. And if they go that way then their power does not work much. 11. If they do not want to doctor then their dream makes them. 12. Then they doctor people. underlying form: po·ša/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

po·tutʰ   n. body. underlying form: po·tutʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Yawelmani po·lutʰ

po·tutʰ/   n-theme. body. nominative: po·tutʰ. accusative: pottʰa. genitive: pottʰun. dative: pottʰaŋ. ablative: pottʰanitʰ. locative: pottʰaw. intensive possessor: pottʰiyin. Pl: puto·tʰatʰi. Variant: pʰo·tutʰ. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰo·lutʰ

pučʼičʼ   prt. small in size, a small thing or person. ʔamaʔ ʔačʼew tʰaŋ yakʼaw xo·ʔoxʔoš pučʼičʼ kʼačʼaw And near the rock there was a small basket. Variant: pučʼučʼ.

pučʼičʼhačʼ   prt. tiny ones. underlying form: pu·čʼičʼ -hačʼ. Morph: diminutive plural.

pučʼičʼhaṭʼ   prt. small things. underlying form: pu·čʼičʼ -haṭʼ. Morph: plural.

pučʼŋayʼ   n. sonny, young boy. Morph: diminutive.

pučʼoŋ   n. son. hiyam xoʔoxʔoš ṭʼuxit and yow ʔan pučʼoŋ Already eagle and also his son were living. underlying form: pučʼu·ŋ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pučʼo·ŋa   n. son. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ pučʼo·ŋa ʔan hantʰaw hičʰa čʰuŋo·huy tʰaŋ tomtʰow tʰan And he says to his son "quit going over the hill". underlying form: pučʼu·ŋ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pučʼučʼ   prt. small. Variant: pučʼičʼ.

pučʼu·ŋ/   n-theme. son, boy. nominative: pučʼoŋ. accusative: pučʼo·ŋa. Pl: po·čʼaŋi. diminutive: pučʼŋayʼ. Note: Related languages Yawelmani putʼson ' manʼs brotherʼs or womanʼs sisterʼs son' Chukchansi počʼon 'son'

puhṭʼa   v. mature. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan puhṭʼa I saw him growing up. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -ʔ...a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

puhuṭʼ   n. getting older. maywe·ʔi hawtaw puhuṭʰ tʰaŋ ʔan ʔaxiʔčʰi ʔamaʔ tɨʔɨsaŋiṭʰ meṭʰ ʔaxiʔčʰi Sometimes when the baby gets to old for the cradle a big cradle is made. underlying form: puhuṭʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

puhuṭʼ/   n-theme. maturing, getting older. nominative: puhuṭʼ. accusative: puhṭʼa. underlying form: #pu·huṭʼ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

pukʰa   n. book. From: English 'book'.

pukʰošitʰ   v. find for x! See main entry: #pokʼo -šit -. Morph: indirective imperative.

pukʼetʰ   v. was found by x. pukʼetʰ nim It was found by me. hiyam ʔam pukʼetʰši ʔinšiš It was not good being found already. underlying form: #pokʼo -tʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Variant: pokʼotʰ.

pukʼe·na   v. will find. pʰami tʰaŋ hiʔ pukʼe·na Pami will find it. naʔ hiʔ pukʼe·na I will find it. ʔamaʔ naʔ pukʼe·na tʰaŋ hiʔ And I will find it. pukʼe·na ha·ʔa ʔa·mat tɨʔɨsɨn tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tuyo·na We will find something to help make it then they will be able to eat. underlying form: #pokʼo -e·na. Morph: future.

pukʼŋiṭʰ   v. will be found. pukʼŋiṭʰ nim tʰa hiʔ kʼačʼaw The basket will be found by me. pukʼŋiṭʰ hiʔ It will be found (by more than one). underlying form: #pokʼo -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

pukʼpokʼ   v. find over and over. ʔamaʔ pukʼpokʼ tʰaxinši ʔačʼew ʔamaʔ tʰasti šiwšiwši And finding them they owls came near and they scratched the couple. Variant: pokʼpokʼ. Note: Reduplicated form to mark repeated action

pukʼši   v. found. pukʼši naʔ tʰaŋ I found it. tʰaw yow pukʼši yakʰaw ʔočeyʔonʼo There she also found a decorated rock. underlying form: #pokʼo -ši. See main entry: aorist.

pukʼšitʰši   v. found for someone. witʰep nan pukʼšitʰši The boy found it for me. underlying form: #pokʼo -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

pukʼtʰin   v. being found. underlying form: #pokʼo -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

pukʼwišši   v. found for each other. pukʼwišši tihikʼ Those two found each other. underlying form: #pokʼo -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive/reciprocal aorist.

pukʼwit   v. drop! underlying form: pukʼwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

pukʼwiti/   v-theme. drop, sound made by being dropped. aorist: pukʼwitši. imperative: pukʼwit. Note: Related language Yawelmani pukʼwiyi 'thump as result of having been dropped'

pukʼwitši   v. something that dropped. underlying form: pukʼwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pukʼʔin   v. when finding. pukʼʔin tʰihinʼ nanhiʔ wakʼyin When they find it they wil give it to me. underlying form: #pokʼo -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pumaṭʰanʼa   n. tree stunp. Note: Related language Yawelmani pimʼṭʰanʼa

pune·naš   v. got smaller. underlying form: punin/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

punin/   v-theme. small. durative aorist: pune·naš. neutral verbal noun: punin/. Variant: punun.

punin/   n-theme. small thing. nominative: punin. Pl: puninhat.

puninhat   n. small things. pa·pas nay ʔan xo·ʔoxiy ʔam čʰanʼiʔ meṭʰnay puninhat tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ tʰaʔan ʔotʰtat It is potato like and not very big, small things that they also dig. underlying form: punin -hat. Morph: plural.

puno·xuš   v. made x fast. underlying form: #punux -uš. Morph: causative aorist.

puno·xutʰa   v. making x fast. hawtaw mukʼe·ši ʔanikʼ ŋawa·ʔat mukʼešakŋiṭʰ pahathay ʔanikʼ puno·xutʰa tʰašti When women arrive at their womanhood their parents put them on a diet. underlying form: #punux -tʰa. Morph: cuasative durative present.

punun   n. small. Variant: punin.

punux   v. will fast. underlying form: #punux -0. Morph: future.

punuxšu   v. fasted. xi hiyam tʰihinʼ punuxšu They are already fasting. underlying form: #punux -šu. Morph: aorist.

punxun   v. fasting. underlying form: punux -un. Morph: medio-passive.

puŋa   n. fall (season). See: pə·ŋa.

puŋpiŋyʼiʔin   v. two at a time. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ puŋpiŋyʼiʔin tʰanši And they went two at a time. underlying form: #poŋoy -ʼ...a -ʔin. Morph: distributive resultative gerundial.

puŋyʼit   v. twice, double, second. ʔamaʔ naʔ ŋa·waw ʔopʰoʔtow kʼənwat nahni yitʼan yow we·ʔi puŋyʼit And I sometimes put down one or two rows a day. underlying form: #poŋoy -ʼ...it. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

pupe·čʼi   n. porcupines. underlying form: po·pičʼ/ -i. Morph: plural nominative case.

puppel   n. paper. From: Spanish 'papel'. Note: Related language Chukchansi poppilʼ (NAS)

pušna   n. granary. underlying form: pušun/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pušna   n. making a granary. underlying form: pušun/ -na. Morph: acquisitive.

pušnan   n. granary's. underlying form: pušun/ -an. Morph: genitive case.

pušnanitʰ   n. away from the granary. underlying form: pušun/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pušnaŋ   n. granary. underlying form: pušun/-aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pušnaw   n. at the granary. underlying form: pušun/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pušninʼin   n. one who has a lot of granaries. underlying form: pušun/ -inʼin. Morph: resident.

pušniyin   n. lots of granaries. underlying form: pušun/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

pušun   n. granary. underlying form: pušun/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pušun/   n-theme. granary. nominative: pušun. accusative: pušna. genitive: pušnan. dative: pušnaŋ. locative: pušnaw. Pl: pušunhat. intensive possessor: pušniyin. acquisitive: pušna. Note: Related language Yawelmani ṣuʔun

pušunhat   n. granaries. pušunhat naʔ ʔə·kʼaš I saw the granaries. underlying form: pušunhat/ -0. Morph: nominative and accusative case.

pušunhat/   n-theme. granaries. nominative: pušunhat. accusative: pušunhat. dative: pušunhatŋi. underlying form: pušun/ -hat. Morph: plural.

pušunhatŋi   n. granaries. underlying form: pušunhat/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pušwin   v. will crack. underlying form: #pušuw -in. Morph: future.

puto·tʰatʰhi   n. bodies. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ puto·tʰatʰhi I saw the bodies. underlying form: puto·tʰatʰi/ -h- -i. Morph: oblique plural accusative case.

puto·tʰatʰhin   n. bodies'. puto·tʰatʰhin pʰuṭʰuŋhayʼ the bodies' hands. underlying form: puto·tʰatʰi/ -h- -in. Morph: oblique plural genitive case.

puto·tʰatʰi   n. bodies. underlying form: puto·tʰatʰi/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

puto·tʰatʰi/   n-theme. bodies. nominative: puto·tʰatʰi. accusative: puto·tʰatʰhi. genitive: puto·tʰatʰhin. dative: pututʰhaŋi. ablative: pututʰhayʼnitʰ. locative: pututʰhatiw. underlying form: po·tutʰ/ -i. Morph: plural.

puttʰiyin   n. a lot of body, a husky person. underlying form: potutʰ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

pututʰatʰhatŋi   n. bodies. underlying form: pututʰ -hat- -ŋi. Morph: plural dative case.

pututʰhaŋi   n. bodies. underlying form: puto·tʰatʰi/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pututʰhatiw   n. to the bodies. underlying form: pututʰhat/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pututʰhayʼnitʰ   n. away from the bodies. underlying form: pututʰhayʼ/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

putʰa·   n. butter. From: English 'butter'.

puṭʰikʼʔaš   v. let x sour. underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

puṭʰkʼin/   v-theme. be rotted. aorist: puṭʰkʼinši. underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -in. Morph: medio-passive.

puṭʰkʼinši   v. be soured by x, rotten. hiyam puṭʰkʼinši It is already soured. underlying form: puṭʰkin/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

puṭʰo·kʼi   v. make it sour. underlying form: #poṭʰokʼ -i -0. Morph: causative imperative.

puyoŋ   n. frost. ʔam ʔinšiš teyaw puyoŋ maxtʰin It is not good to get before it frosts. kʼiwʼišta·tʰa tʰaŋ puyoŋ The frost makes it hard. underlying form: puyoŋ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

puyoŋ/   v-theme. frost. aorist: puyuŋšu. non-directive gerundial: puyuŋšiw. resultative gerundial: puyuŋʔun. neutral verbal noun: puyoŋ/.

puyoŋʔun   v. when it frosts. underlying form: puyoŋ/ ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

puyuŋšiw   v. frost. puyuŋšiw ʔan tʰa tʰaŋ kʼiwʼišta·tʰa After it frosts it makes it (redbud) hard. underlying form: puyoŋ/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

puyuŋšu   v. froze. underlying form: puyoŋ/ -šu. Morph: aorist. Variant: pʼuyuŋšu.

puyʼumʼta   v. make pretty. underlying form: poyʼo·mʼ/ -ta. Morph: causative imperative.

pʰakʰatʰin   v. remember. underlying form: #pʰakʰatʰ -in. Morph: future.

pʰalatʰwiti/   v-theme. stick tongue out. aorist: pʰalatʰwitši. imperative: pʰalatʰwuy. Note: Related language Yawelamni pʼalaṭʼwiyi

pʰalatʰwitši   v. stuck the tongue out. underlying form: pʰalatʰwiti /-ši. Morph: aorist. Variant: pʰašaltʰaši.

pʰalatʰwuy   v. stick (your) tongue out! underlying form: pʰalatʰwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰapʰey   n. grandaughter by son's wife.

pʰašaltʰaši   v. stick tongue out. Variant: pʰalatʰwitši.

pʰata   n. right (direction). Variant: pʼa·ta.

pʰatačʰ   n. body louse. Note: Related language Chukchansi patačʼ

pʰata·tatʰ   n. woodpecker. ʔamaʔ hačʼum koyuma pʰata·tatʰ yow humʼut yow tumʼtʰinʼin humʼut ʔamaʔ yow tumʼo·tumʼučʼ There were young girls, woodpecker and quail, also mountain quail and also woodrat. underlying form: pʰata·tatʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰata·tatʰ/   n-theme. woodpecker. nominative: pʰata·tatʰ. Pl: pʰattitʰhat. melanerpes fornicivorus. Note: Acorn storing woodpecker Note: Related languages Yawelmani pʰala·kʼakʼ Chukchansi pala·tʼatʼ (NAS)

pʰata·wʼa   n. caves. underlying form: pʰata·wʼa/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰata·wʼa/   n-theme. cave. nominative: pʰata·wʼa. locative: pʰata·wʼiw. Note: Related language Yawelmani palʼaw 'hole, cave under a rock'

pʰata·wʼiw   n. in the cave. ʔaŋṭʰaw hintʰaw ʔotʼoy ʔanikʼ mononhay xoʔo·xiʔ pʰata·wʼiw The doctors around there put their belongings in the cave. underlying form: pʰata·wʼa/-iw. Morph: locative case.

pʰatiwhat   n. pestles. underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -hat. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʰattitʰhat   n. woodpeckers. underlying form: pʰata·tatʰ/ -hat. Morph: plural.

pʰatuwun/   v-theme. turn into, go into. aorist: pʰatuwunšu.

pʰatuwunšu   v. went into, become. underlying form: pʰatuwun/ -šu.

pʰatuwya   n. pestle. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ pʰatuwya I saw the pestle. underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰatuwyan   n. pestle's. underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -an. Morph: gentive case.

pʰatuwyanitʰ   n. pestle (away from the ...) underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰatuwyaŋ   n. pestle (about the ...) underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʰatuwyaw   n. pestle (to the ...) underlying form: pʰatwuy/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pʰatwuy   n. pestle. underlying form: pʰatwʼuy/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Variant: pʼatwuy.

pʰatwuy/   n-theme. pestle, pounding rock. nominative: pʰatwuy. accusative: pʰatuwya. genitive: pʰatuwyan. dative: pʰatuwyaŋ. ablative: pʰatuwyanitʰ. locative: pʰatuwyaw. Pl: pʰatiwʼhat. Variant: pʼatwuy. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰolwoy

pʰatʰit   v. gut an animal. underlying form: pʰatʰit/ -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰatʰit/   v-theme. gut an animal. imperative: pʰatʰit. aorist: pʰatʰitši. Note: Related language Chkchansi pata·litʰ

pʰatʰitši   v. gutted an animal. underlying form: pʰatʰit/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰatʼwiša   n. tribe.name.

pʰaṭʰxi   v. troubling.

pʰawʼaʔa   v. enough together. ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔipna pʰawʼaʔa təʔsat pʰəwsat And when they have made enough flour by pounding, underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ʼ...a. Morph: distributive.

pʰawʼe·na   v. will be enough. hinwitʔin pʰawʼe·na ṭɨmkʼɨtʰɨn mono·xičʼ I am not sure I have enough black, black root. underlying form: #pʰawʼa -e·na. Morph: future.

pʰawʼši   v. was enough. ʔamaʔ hawtaw kʼumuy šaʔnat ʔamaʔ hiyam pʰawʼši tʰaŋ pošwoʔo And when it is all loosened up then it is ready to crack. underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰawʼtat   v. fill in. ʔam tʰihinʼ čʼičʼkʼa ʔokʰnat mayʼ we·ʔi pʰawʼtat ʔanikʼ ʔopʰšu They don't drink cold things while completing their period. underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ta -at. Morph: causative durative present.

pʰawʼta·tʰa   v. becomes. hawtaw mukʼe·ši pʰawʼta·tʰa ʔanikʼ pʼaʔanʼa When girls become of age, underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ta -tʰa. Morph: causative durative present.

pʰawʼtinhat   v. get enough. ṭʼatʔin tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʰawʼtinhat hawšun ʔanikʼ tʰaw ṭʼat As a result they get enough of how ever much they crack there. underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ta -in -hat. Morph: medio-passive causative repetitive.

pʰawʼtiʔin   v. will be filled in. underlying form: #pʰawʼa -ta -ʔ- -in. Morph: causative future.

pʰaxin   v. fear, be afraid. Variant: pʼaxan.

pʰaʔaši   n. lake. Variant: pʼaʔa·ṣi.

pʰaʔiṭʰši   v. fought. pʰičʰiwtʰin ʔan tʰaŋ pʰaʔiṭʰši When he caught him, he fought him. underlying form: #pʰaʔaṭʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰaʔṭʰawtʰawši   v. were fighting together. yetʼ waṭʰačʼi kʰuhṭʼun ʔamaʔ ʔan yow yiwʼin ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ pʰaʔṭʰawtʰawši One waksachi man and his wife were fighting with one another. underlying form: pʰaʔṭʰiwši/ -tʰa -wiš -ši. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰaʔṭʰiwiš   v. fight one another! underlying form: pʰaʔṭʰiwš/ -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰaʔṭʰiwiša   v. fighting. tʰašti pʰaʔṭʰiwiša They all were beginning to fight. underlying form: pʰaʔaṭʰiwš/ a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pʰaʔṭʰiwš/   n-theme. fight one another. imperative: pʰaʔṭʰiwiš. aorist: pʰaʔṭʰiwšši. durative present: pʰaʔṭʰiwša. durative aorist: pʰaṭʰawtʰawši. neutral verbal noun: pʰaʔṭʰiwiša. underlying form: #pʰaʔaṭʰ -iws. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal.

pʰaʔṭʰiwšat   v. fighting one another. underlying form: pʰaʔaṭʰ -iwša -at. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰaʔṭʰiwši   v. fought each other. poŋoy mukʰe·ši tʰihikʼ pʰaʔṭʰiwši Those two women fought each other. underlying form: #pʰaʔaṭʰ -iwši -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰaʔṭʼawtʰin   n. fighting onesʼ. ʔamaʔ ʔatit ʔattin tʰašti ʔamaʔ xo·ʔoxiʔ paʔṭʰawtin tʰašti ʔacʼew ʔankin ʔošto Then it sat down near the fighting onesʼ fire. underlying form: #pʰaʔaṭʰ -w -t in. Morph: oblique plural genitive case.

pʰa·ta   n. feather. Variant: pʼa·taʔ.

pʰečʰwaš   v. was catching. pʰečʰwaš naʔ tʰaŋ I was catching it. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰečʰwat   v. is catching, holding. ʔamaʔ ʔam pʰečʰwat ʔitkʼa It doesn't hold water. ʔamaʔ pʰečʰwat ʔitkʼa Then it holds water. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰelešniw   v. Fresno. From: English 'Fresno'.

pʰesši   v. doctored. pʰesši mam He doctored you. underlying form: #pʰe·sa -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰetpʰit   v. wind! pʰetpʰit ṭʰipʰin xiŋ so·pʰin ho·put Wind it above the three roots. Morph: repetitive.

pʰeʔelaš   n. pears. From: English 'pears'. Variant: pe·laš.

pʰe·sa   v. doctor! underlying form: #pʰ̣e·sa -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰe·sat   v. will doctor. pʰe·sat mam hiʔ He will doctor you. underlying form: #pʰe·sa -t. Morph: future.

pʰəmpʰi/   v-theme. pump. durative present: pʰəmpʰitʰa. durative aorist: pʰəmpʰitʰa·ši. aorist: pʰəmpʰiš. future: pʰəmpʰit. predicated gerundial: pʰəmpʰiŋiṭʰ. predicated gerundial: pʰəmpʰiŋṭʰi. indirective: pʰəmpʰištʰaš. Note: Consultant uses the English verb 'pump' here

pʰəmpʰiŋiṭʰ   v. pumping. pʰəmpʰiŋiṭʰ naʔ ʔoho·ʔot I want to pump. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

pʰəmpʰiŋṭʰi   v. pumping. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan pʰəmpʰiŋṭʰi I saw him pumping. ʔohoʔot naʔ ʔan pʰəmpʰiŋṭʰi I want him to pump. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi/ -ŋṭʰi. Morph: predicated gerundial {oblique agreement}.

pʰəmpʰiš   v. pumped. pʰəmpʰiš naʔ ʔitkʼa I pumped the water. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi -š. Morph: aorist.

pʰəmpʰištʰaš   v. pumped for x. pʰəmpʰištʰaš naʔ mam I pumped it for you. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi -ištʰa -aš. Morph: indirective aorist.

pʰəmpʰit   v. will pump. naʔ hiʔ pʰəmpʰit I will pump. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi -t. Morph: future.

pʰəmpʰitʰa   v. pumping. pʰəmpʰitʰa naʔ I am pumping. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

pʰəmpʰitʰa·ši   v. was pumping. naʔ pʰəmpʰitʰa·ši I was pumping. underlying form: pʰəmpʰi/ -tʰa· -ši. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰətxəy   n. suckerfish. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰolxoy

pʰəwsa   n. mortar. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ pʰəwsa I saw the mortar. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰəwsaš   v. was pounding. wa·wʼaw naʔ pʰəwsaš I was pounding yesterday. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰəwsat   v. is pounding. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʰəwsat And they pound it. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witʔin mitʼačʼ pʰəwsat Then right away they pound a little. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔan ma·xin ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ʔanikʼ pʰə·wasiw mitʼačʼ pʰəwsat They will get it and take it to their mortar and pound it slightly. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰəʔəčʼ   n. chest. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰəʔəčʼ/   n-theme. chest. nominative: pʰəʔəčʼ. accusative: pʰəʔəčʼa. genitive: pʰəʔə·čʼɨn. dative: pʰəʔə·čʼɨŋ. ablative: pʰəʔə·čʼanitʰ. locative: pʰəʔə·čʼɨw. Pl: pʰɨʔɨčʼhat. intensive possessor: pʰɨʔčʼɨyɨn. Note: Related languages Yawelmani pʰiʔis Chukchansi pʰeʔiṣ Chukchansi pʰiʔiš (NAS)

pʰəʔəčʼa   n. chest. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰəʔə·čʼanitʰ   n. chest (away from the ...) tʰanši naʔ pʰəʔə·čʼanitʰ I went away from the chest. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰəʔə·čʼɨn   n. chest's. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰəʔə·čʼɨŋ   n. chest. tošši naʔ mam pʰəʔə·čʼɨŋ I told you about the chest. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -iŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʰəʔə·čʼɨw   n. chest (to the ...) underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pʰə·was   n. mortar, small mortar, portable mortar. underlying form: pʰəʔwas/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰe·waṣ (JPH)

pʰə·was/   n-theme. mortar, bedrock mortar. nominative: pʰə·was. accusative: pʰəwsa. genitive: pʰə·wasin. dative: pʰə·wasŋi. ablative: pʰə·wasnitʰ. locative: pʰə·wasiw. Pl: pʰɨwɨshat. intensive possessor: pʰə·wasiyin. acquisitive: pʰɨwɨsna. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰiwiṣ 'to pulverise seeds, grind'

pʰə·wasin   n. mortar's. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰə·wasiw   n. mortar (to the ...) ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ʔanikʼ pʰə·wasiw mitʼačʼ pəwsat They take it to their mortar and pound it a little. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pʰə·wasiyin   n. mortar with a lot of stuff in and on it. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

pʰə·wasnitʰ   n. mortar (away from the ...) naʔ tʰanši pʰə·wasnitʰ I went away from the mortar. underlying form: pʰə·was/ nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰə·wasŋi   n. mortar (about the ...) tošši naʔ mam pʰə·wasŋi I told you about the mortar. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pʰičʰawčʰinat   v. wants to catch. pʰičʰawčʰinat nan Somebody wants to catch me. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

pʰičʰawta   v. catch repeatedly! underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ta -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

pʰičʰawta/   v-theme. catch repeatedly. imperative: pʰičʰawta. aorist: pʰičʰawtaš. future: pʰičʰawtat. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ta. Morph: repetitive.

pʰičʰawtaš   v. caught repeatedly. underlying form: pʰičʰawta/ -š. Morph: repetitive aorist.

pʰičʰawtat   v. will catch repeatedly. underlying form: pʰičʰawta/ -t. Morph: repetitive future.

pʰičʰaʔwanʼa   n. was caught. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -anʼa -0. Morph: passive verbal noun.

pʰičʰewčʼi   n. catcher, police. pʰičʰewčʼi naʔ ʔə·kʼaš I saw the police. underlying form: pʰičʰe·wičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

pʰičʰewčʼin   n. catcher's. underlying form: pʰičʰewičʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰičʰewčʼinitʰ   n. away from the catcher. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ičʼ -initʰ. Morph: neutral agentive ablative case.

pʰičʰewčʼiŋ   n. catcher. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ičʼ -iŋ. Morph: neutral agentive dative case.

pʰičʰewčʼiw   n. to the catcher. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ičʼ -iw. Morph: neutral agentive locative case.

pʰičʰewwiša   n. catching each other. ʔə·kʼaš naʼ ʔankin pʰičʰewwiša I saw those two catching each other. underlying form: #pʰičʰw -iwša -a. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal verbal noun accusative case.

pʰičʰewwišat   v. catching each other, catching oneself. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -wiš -at. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative present.

pʰičʰeʔwi   v. make x catch, let x catch. pʰičʰeʔwi tʰaŋ Make him catch it. pʰičʰeʔwi nan Let me catch. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -i. Morph: causative.

pʰičʰe·wičʼ   n. police, catchers. underlying form: #pʰičʰe·wičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰičʰe·wičʼ/   n-theme. catcher, police. nominative: pʰičʰe·wičʼ. accusative: pʰičʰewčʼi. genitive: pʰičʰewčʼin. dative: pʰičʰewčʼiŋ. ablative: pʰičʰewčʼinitʰ. locative: pʰičʰewčʼiw.

pʰičʰe·wiŋ   n. catching, grabbing hold of. pʰičʰe·wiŋ nan Let me grab hold of it. Note: like when a blind person needs to grab hold of something underlying form: pʰičʰiw/ -iŋ. Morph: dataive case.

pʰičʰiw   v. catch! underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰičʰiw   n. catching. ʔam tʰaŋ wastʰuš kʰayʼwin pʰičʰiw The coyote couldn't catch him, underlying form: pʰičʰiw/ -o. Morph: nominative case.

pʰičʰiw/   n. catching. nominative: pʰičʰiw. accusative: pʰičʰwa. dative: pʰičʰe·wiŋ. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

pʰičʰiwŋiṭʰ   v. will be caught. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

pʰičʰiwšatʰ   v. will catch for x. naʔ mam hiʔ pʰičʰiwsatʰ I will catch it for you. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ištʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

pʰičʰiwši   v. caught. naʔ tʰaŋ pʰičʰiwši I caught it. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰičʰiwšiw   v. when caught. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

pʰičʰiwtʰin   v. caught by. pʰičʰiwtʰin ʔan tʰaŋ pʰaʔiṭʰši When he caught him, he fought him. underlying form: pʰičʰiw -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

pʰičʰiwʔaš   v. let x catch. pʰičʰiwʔaš ʔan Let him catch it. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

pʰičʰiwʔin   v. while catching. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pʰičʰwa   n. catching. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim pʰičʰwa I want to catch. Lit: I want my catching. underlying form: pʰičʰiw/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰičʰwat   v. catching. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰičʰwat   v. might catch. hičʰa naʔ tʰaŋ naʔas pʰičʰwat I might catch him. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -at. Morph: dubitative.

pʰičʰwin   v. will catch. naʔ hiʔ pʰičʰwin I will catch it. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -in. Morph: future.

pʰičʰwinši   v. was caught. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

pʰičʰwištʰaš   v. caught for x. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -ištʰa -aš. Morph: indirective aorist.

pʰičʰwitʰ   v. was caught. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

pʰičʼ   v. count! maʔ pʰičʼ You count! underlying form: #pʰičʼi -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰičʼ   n. count. we·ʔi mɨŋɨnšɨ naʔ pʰičʼ hawšun ʔanikʼ pʰičʼ I forgot anything on the count, how many of them count. underlying form: pʰičʼi/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

pʰičʼan   n. count. ʔamaʔ tʰa pʰičʼan xo·ʔoxiʔ hawšun tʰaw ʔan pʰičʼ And that is it's count, however many is there is the count. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -an. Morph: neutral verbal noun genitive case.

pʰičʼa·ʔat   v. counting. tʰa pʰičʼa·ʔat He is counting. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰičʼe·hiy   n. count. ʔamaʔ tʰa ʔanikʼ pʰičʼe·hiy ʔanikʼ hawšun tʰihinʼ ṭʼa·wʼaṭʼiwʼ And they have these to count, however many points the are getting. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

pʰičʼe·na   v. will count. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -e·na. Morph: future.

pʰičʼi/   n-theme. count. nominative: pʰičʼ. genitive: pʰičʼan. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

pʰičʼiwhiy   n. catching thing. paʔonʔiy pʰičʼiwhiy yellowjacket catcher, yellowjacket trap. underlying form: #pʰičʰiw -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

pʰičʼši   v. counting. underlying form: #pʰičʼi -ši. Morph: Aorist of #pʰičʼi 'to count'.

pʰikʰetʰ   n. sinew.

pʰilašnaʔ   n. peaches. Variant: lʼalʼašnaʔ.

pʰintʰatʰukʰ   n. little finger. Variant: pʼinʼtʼatʼakʼ.

pʰisa·ʔat   v. doctoring. pʰiša·ʔat mam He's doctoring you. ʔamaʔ čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ pʰisa·ʔat yow čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ ʔam čʰupo·nat haʔa And some are at first told to doctor but some do not believe anything at first. underlying form: #pʰe·sa -ʔ- -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰishačʰinat   v. wants to doctor. pʰisačʰinat mam He wants to doctor you. underlying form: #pʰe·sa -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

pʰit   n. road. waʔa pʰit The road is long. wɨxi pʰit many roads. underlying form: pʰit/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰit/   n-theme. road. nominative: pʰit. accusative: pʰita. genitive: pʰitin. dative: pʰita·ŋi. ablative: pʰita·nitʰ. locative: pʰitaw. Pl: pʰite·wayʼi. acquisitive: pʰitna. acquisitive: pʰitna·tʰa. acquisitive: pʰita·nit. acquisitive: pʰitnaŋṭʰi. acquisitive: pʰitna·nitʰ. Note: Related languages Yawelmani pʰil Chukchansi pʰelʼ

pʰita   n. road. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ pʰita I saw the road. underlying form: pʰit/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰitaw   n. at the road. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ ṭʰəʔət telamtelam ʔankin pʰitaw wɨtʼə·naš And there was a TelamTelam snake stretched across their road. underlying form: pʰit/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pʰita·nit   v. make a road. he·či naʔ pʰita·nit I will make a road now. underlying form: pʰit/ -na·- -it. Morph: acquisitive durative present.

pʰita·nitʰ   n. away from the road. underlying form: pʰit/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰita·ŋi   n. road. wakʼiy naʔ mam xe·ŋi pʰita·ŋi I will give you this road. underlying form: pʰit/ -aŋi. Morph: dative case.

pʰite·wayʼi   v. roads. underlying form: pʰite·wayʼ/ -i. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʰitin   n. road's. underlying form: pʰit/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰitna   n. make a road. underlying form: pʰit -na- -0. Morph: acquisitive imperative.

pʰitnaŋṭʰi   n. making the road. čʰaʔan tʰihinʼ ʔuyyun ʔanikʼ pʰitnaŋṭʰi They will start making their road soon. underlying form: pʰit/ -na- -ŋṭʰi. Morph: acquisitive predicated gerundial.

pʰitna·nitʰ   n. away from the road making. underlying form: pʰit/ -na·- -nitʰ. Morph: acquisitive ablative case.

pʰitna·tʰa   n. is making a road. ʔam hetʰtʰa pʰitna·tʰa They haven't started making the road. underlying form: pʰit/ -na·- -tʰa. Morph: acquisitive durative present.

pʰitʰitʰ   v. pinch! underlying form: #pʰitʰitʰ -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰitʰitʰši   v. pinched. underlying form: pʰitʰitʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰɨwasčʰinat   v. want to pound. pʰɨwasčʰinat naʔ I want to pound. hawtaw tʰihinʼ pʰɨwaščʰinat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ṭʼo·pʰaṭʼipʰ When they want to pound then they get ground acorns. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

pʰɨwaʔsanʼa   n. was being pounded. hiyam pʰɨwaʔsanʼa It was being pounded. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun nominative case.

pʰɨwa·sitʰ   v. pounded by x. pʰɨwa·sitʰ tʰaŋ It was pounded. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

pʰɨwəsčʼɨ   n. one who pounds. underlying form: pʰɨwə·sičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

pʰɨwə·sɨ   v. make x pound. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ɨ. Morph: causative.

pʰɨwə·sɨčʼ   n. one who pounds. underlying form: pʰɨwə·sɨčʼ/ -0. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

pʰɨwə·sɨčʼ/   n-theme. pounder, one who pounds. nominative: pʰɨwə·sɨčʼ. accusative: pʰɨwəsčʼɨ. Pl: pʰɨwsačʼi. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ɨčʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

pʰɨwɨs   v. pound! underlying form: #pʰɨwɨš -0. Morph: imperative.

pʰɨwɨshan   v. being pounded. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan pʰɨwɨshan I saw it being pounded by him. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -han. Morph: passive.

pʰɨwɨshat   n. mortars. underlying form: pʰə·was/ -hat. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʰɨwɨsna   n. mortar (make a ....) underlying form: pʰə·was/ -na- -0. Morph: acquisitive imperative.

pʰɨwɨsŋɨtʰ   v. will be pounded. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ŋɨtʰ. Morph: passive future.

pʰɨwɨsšatʰ   v. will pound for x. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -šatʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

pʰɨwɨsšɨ   v. pounded. pʰɨwɨsšɨ naʔ tʰaŋ I pounded it. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -šɨ. Morph: aorist.

pʰɨwɨsta   v. pound repeatedly! underlying form: pʰɨwɨsta/ -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

pʰɨwɨsta/   v-theme. pound repeatedly. imperative: pʰɨwɨsta. future: pʰɨwɨstat. aorist: pʰɨwɨstaš. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ta. Morph: repetitive.

pʰɨwɨstaš   v. was pounding repeatedly. underlying form: pʰɨwɨsta/ -š. Morph: repetitive aorist.

pʰɨwɨstat   v. will pound repeatedly. underlying form: pʰɨwɨsta/ -t. Morph: repetitive future.

pʰɨwɨstʰɨn   v. being pounded by x. pʰɨwɨstʰɨn nim being pounded by me. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -tʰɨn. Morph: passive gerundial.

pʰɨwɨswaš   v. will pound for x. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

pʰɨwɨsʔaš   v. let x pound. pʰɨwɨsʔaš ʔan Let him pound. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

pʰɨwɨsʔɨn   v. that which is pounded. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔan pʰɨwɨsʔɨn ṭʼatʔin ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witčʼʔiŋ ʔitkʼaŋ ʔotʼo·yin And they will the {flour} resulting from the splitting and pounding in a small amount of water. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pʰɨwɨsʔɨy   n. pounding place. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ʔɨy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

pʰɨwsa   n. pounding. ʔɨkʼa·ʔaš naʔ min pʰɨwsa I saw you pounidng. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pʰɨwsačʼi   n. pounders. underlying form: pʰɨwə·sɨčʼ/ -i. Morph: plural.

pʰɨwsat   v. might pound. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -at. Morph: dubitative.

pʰɨwsɨn   v. will pound. naʔ hiʔ tʰaŋ pʰɨwsɨn I'm going to pound it. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ɨn. Morph: future.

pʰɨwsɨštʰaš   v. pounded for x. pʰɨwsɨštʰaš naʔ mam I pounded for you. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -ɨštʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

pʰɨwsɨwšaš   v. pounded themselves. underlying form: #pʰɨwɨs -iwša -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

pʰɨxəy   n. cloud.

pʰɨxɨyʔat   n. getting cloudy. Morph: durative present.

pʰɨʔčʼiyin   n. big chest. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

pʰɨʔɨčʼhat   n. chests. underlying form: pʰəʔəčʼ/ -hat. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʰohoʔotʰ   n. weasel. Variant: pʼoho·ʔotʼ.

pʰohyon   n. sparrow hawk. falco sparverius. Note: Here is Cecile's account of why the sparrow hawk is bad for you when you are fishing: 1. pʰohyon hiyam hiwetʰši čʰan mayʼwa ʔam ʔinišat 2. ʔam mayʼ hiʔ ṭʰo·kʰin topʰṭʰa 3. hawtaw hewtʰat ye·tʼaw topʰoṭʰtitčʼa ʔama ʔam ʔinšiš 1. Hawk was already around here, he is not going to do us any good. 2. We won't catch any fish. 3. When he's around the fisherman, then it is no good. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰohyon

pʰonpʰon   n. snow. underlying form: pʰonpʰon/ -0. Morph: nominative and accusative case. Variant: pʰunpʰun.

pʰonpʰon/   n-theme. snow, ice cream. nominative: pʰonpʰon. accusative: pʰonpʰon. genitive: pʰonpʰonin. dative: pʰonpʰonŋi. ablative: pʰonpʰonnitʰ. locative: pʰonpʰoniw. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰonpʰon

pʰonpʰonin   n. snow's. underlying form: pʰonpʰon/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰonpʰoniw   n. on the snow. underlying form: pʰonpʰon/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pʰonpʰonnitʰ   n. away from the snow. underlying form: pʰonpʰon/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰonpʰonŋi   n. snow. underlying form: pʰonpʰon/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pʰosšu   v. blew. underlying form: #pʰo·su -šu. Morph: aorist.

pʰotʰo   n. penis.

pʰotʰtat   v. boiling. underlying form: #pʰutʰut -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰotʰton   v. will boil. underlying form: #pʰutʰut -on. Morph: future.

pʰoxokʼ   prt. more. yow nahni pʰoxokʼ or sometimes more. Phon: very strong glottal release with [kʼᵊ]

pʰoʔoyiw   n. other side of the river.

pʰo·šuʔ   n. power. Variant: po·ša.

pʰo·tay   n. beads. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ma·pʼamipʼ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ teyaw ʔan čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi pʰo·tay And they put beads in, filling it before it cools. underlying form: pʰo·tay/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰo·tay/   n-theme. beads. nominative: pʰotay. dative: pʰo·tayŋi. Note: Related language Yawelmani po·lay

pʰo·tayŋi   n. beads. ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ kʼipʼewʼ tɨʔasanʼa pʰo·taŋi And they make the cradle strap from beads. underlying form: po·tay/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

pʰo·tutʰ   n. body. See: po·tutʰ.

pʰučʰši   v. answered. ʔamaʔ huʔtʰutuʔ pʰučʰši ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yow hoyo·ši ʔamaʔ yow hoyo·ši ʔamaʔ tʰaw huʔtʰutuʔ tʰaŋ pʰučʰši Then the owl answered him and he called again then the owl answered him again. underlying form: #pʰučʰu -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰune·ʔat   v. snowing. pʰonpʰon pʰune·ʔat The snow is snowing. See: pʰunpʰun/.

pʰunpʰun   n. snow. Variant: pʰonpʰon.

pʰunʼa   n. frost. See: pʰuŋʼa.

pʰuŋeyʔuŋičʼ   n. Tuesday. Note: Related langauge Chukchansi pone·yanaw (NAS)

pʰuŋʼa   n. fog. See: pʰunʼa.

pʰušaʔat   v. blow with mouth.

pʰuščʼat   v. whistle. underlying form: pʰušučʼ -at. Morph: durative present.

pʰuščʼun   v. will whistle. underlying form: #pʰušučʼ -un. Morph: future.

pʰušučʼhat   n. whistles. underlying form: #pʰušučʼ -hat. Morph: plural.

pʰušučʼšu   v. whistled. underlying form: #pʰušučʼ -šu. Morph: aorist.

pʰušučʼʔuy   n. whistle. underlying form: #pʰušučʼ -ʔuy. Morph: consequent adjunctive nominative case.

pʰutpʰut/   v-theme. creep. aorist: pʰutpʰutšu. future: pʰutupʰut. durative aorist: pʰutpʰtuš. consequent adjunctive: pʰutpʰutʔuy. underlying form: #pʰutu + #pʰutu. Morph: reduplicated verb base.

pʰutpʰutšu   v. creeping. underlying form: pʰutpʰut/ -šu. Morph: aorist.

pʰutpʰutʔuy   n. calf of leg. Morph: Consequent adjunctive of reduplicated verb related to pʰutpʰut/ 'creep, crawl, swim'.

pʰutšu   v. crawled. swam. underlying form: #pʰutu -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʰutupʰtuš   v. crept. underlying form: pʰutpʰut/ -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

pʰutupʰut   v. will creep. underlying form: pʰutpʰut/ -0. Morph: future.

pʰutʰsa   n. acorn. Note: Pictures from Sacramento State Online Natural History Museum csus.edu Note: Acorns were a major food source for the Wikchamni. Here is Cecil'e account of gathering, preparing and eating acorns: 1. hawtaw wosow ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔoho·ʔot ʔanikʼ hačʼa·muʔ pʰutʰsa maxaʔ 2. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tamna·tʰa ʔɨkʼa·ʔat ʔan hiyam sisši 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ šutʼo·mat ʔan kʰacʼučʼuʔ 4. ʔamaʔ hičʰa hiyam kʼiwʼiš 5. hiyam ʔinšiš maxtʰin 6. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ wo·sowis tiŋtaw ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot 7. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ha·ʔa tʼamʼuyʼkʼaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ kʼačʼawo ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ kʼačʼawiw tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot 8. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šoŋo·tot tʰaw ʔanikʼ kʼaṭʰu kawa·yuʔ 9. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ toʔṭʼow ʔanikʼ šuŋo·tot tʰaŋ ṭʰe·ʔiw 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰoyonʼow tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼoto·ʔot 11. ʔamaʔ hičʰaʔ xo·ʔoxiʔ ʔɨtə·mɨčʼ ʔamaʔ ʔətmat minikʼ ṭʼotšiw toyonʼow 12. ʔamaʔ hawtaw naʔan maŋaščʰinat 13. ʔamaʔ hičʰa ʔam pe·yapiy ʔan ʔətma 14. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰaŋ tute·ʔat 15. ʔamaʔ ye·tʼaw kʼaw yow toyonʼow ʔamaʔ tʰaw nan yow tuse·ʔat ʔan ʔɨtəm 16. ʔamaʔ ʔan ṭʼotʔin pʰutʰsa kʼumuy 17. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šiymanutʰa šiyamunšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit hawaw ʔanikʼ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tute·ʔat 18. ʔamaʔ hičʰa tʰihinʼ tɨʔasčʰinat tʼepʰna 19. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat 20. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hokʰyat čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰsaŋ 21. čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰus ʔinšiš hacʼa·mʼuʔ tʰa·ŋi hokʰyaŋiṭʰ 22. ʔamaʔ ʔan ʔinišiyin watxutʰa ʔitikʼ 23. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰa·mučʼ pʰəwsat 24. ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔipna pʰawʼaʔa təʔsat pʰəwsat 25. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yukʼo·ʔot 26. yukʼo·ʔot tʰihinʼ ʔan ṭʰumkʼaŋ ʔaypʰun ʔitkʼaŋ ʔotʼyit 27. ʔamaʔ yow xapʰtu kʼumuy ʔan kʼɨyɨṭʰɨn tʰiššiw 28. ʔamaʔ hiyam ʔan ʔipin ʔinšiš 29. amaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʼepʰna·tʰa 30. tʼepʰniʔin təʔsat xunay nahni tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witaʔa ʔotʼyit yow tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ təʔsat pisikʰčʼa 31. pana tʰihinʼ təʔsat 32. xoto·wot tʰa han tʰa ʔanikʼ pan 33. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ čʼičʼikʼta·tʰa 34. ʔamaʔ hawtaw čʼičʼe·kʼatʰa ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hiyam tuyšu 35. wɨxi ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ čʼowʼhiy kʼačʼawiw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit 36. hawtaw ʔitkʼaw ʔaypʰun xotwoʔ ʔotʼyit šə·ʔačʰinšiw ʔan 37. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʔ kʼačʼawo ʔotʼo·yin ṭʰe·ʔiw 38. ʔamaʔ tʰa hiyam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ tuy 39. hawtaw tʰihinʼ tuyhačʰinat 40. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʼuṭʼa yowwe·ʔi ha·ʔatʰa tʰaŋi tʰaŋ to·yatiy ye·tʰaw 1. When it's autumn then they want to get their fresh acorn. 2. And they try it looking to see if it is already ripe. 3. And they take off its acorn cap. 4. And it might already be hard. 5. It is ready to be taken. 6. Then they shake them to the ground and pick them up. 7. And whatever there is they gather into a strainer or if theirs is a basket, then they gather it into the basket. 8. And they carry it on their back if they have no horse. 9. Then they carry it home on their head. 10. And at night they peel them there. 11. And if they have a story teller then they tell stories while peeling at night. 12. And when we want to sleep. 13. And he isn't finishing telling his story. 14. Then he leaves it there. 15. And the next night he tells me his story again. 16. Then all the acorns get peeled. 17. Then they dry it, when it is dry they put it and leave it in whatever {container} they have. 18. And if they want to make acorn mush. 19. Then they get it. 20. Then they mix it with live oak acorn. 21. Fresh live oak acorn is good to mix in with it. 22. Then to be better, water is passed through it. 23. Then they pound it like that. 24. And when they have made enough flour by pounding. 25. Then they leach it. 26. They leach their {flour} by first putting warm water on it. 27. And again with hot water all of the bitterness comes out. 28. Then their acorn flour is good. 29. Then they make acorn mush. 30. Once the acorn mush is all done, they will put it like that or sometimes make bisquits. 31. They make bread. 32. They make hard acorn bisquits and that is their bread. 33. Then they make it cold. 34. And when it gets cold then they eat it. 35. They work a lot putting it into the basket. 36. They cool when the bisquits are first put into the water. 37. Then they put the basket in the house. 38. And it is good for their food. 39. When they want to eat. 40. Then they eat soup or whatever they have with it. underlying form: pʰutʰus/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰutʰsanitʰ   n. away from the acorn. underlying form: pʰutʰus/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰutʰsaŋ   n. acorn. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hokyat čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰsaŋ Then they mix it with live oak acorn. underlying form: pʰutʰus/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʰutʰsaw   n. to the acorn. underlying form: pʰutʰus -aw. Morph: locative case. Phon: the final [w] is voiceless [w̥] and consultant also accepts [pʰutʰsaw] as acceptable

pʰutʰsun   n. acorn's. pʰutʰsun kʼa·čuču acorn's cap. underlying form: pʰutʰus/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰutʰus   n. acorn. Quercus lobata. Note: Image By Parande at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=38184201 Note: Here is Cecile's description of gathering and preparing ripe Valley Oak acorns: 0. This will be about the ripening of the acorn when it's turning black and they fall to the ground. 1. hawtaw pʰutʰus se·sasis ʔamaʔ kune·ʔat ṭʼatʼa·nitʰ ṭɨmɨxwitʔin 2. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ konšiw ʔan kʼumuy ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ nopo·ʔot 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʰe·ʔiw tʰantiʔin 4. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ wɨtʼa·ʔat ʔopʰoʔtow hite·nitʰ šiyamun ʔinišiyin 5. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tute·ʔat 6. hawtaw xotʼe·ʔat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʰo·moṭʰim 7. ʔamaʔ ʔan ṭʼəwnat 8. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔopʰotšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow munʼaw ʔotʼyit 9. ʔamaʔ hawtaw kʼumuy šaʔnat ʔamaʔ hiyam pʰawʼši tʰaŋ pošwoʔo 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat ʔanikʼ kʼɨtšɨ sokʰotonat ṭʰipʰin 11. ʔamaʔ yow pučʼičʼ yakʰaw tʰa ʔanikʼ woṭʰo·hiy tʰa 12. ʔamaʔ tʰa·ŋi tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼa·taṭʼit 13. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼatʔin tʰišta·tʰa tʰa ʔanikʼ ha·nitʰ ṭʼoto·ʔot 14. ṭʼatʔin tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʰawʼtinhat hawšun ʔanikʼ tʰaw ṭʼat 15. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šiymanutʰa yow 16. ʔamaʔ ʔopʰoʔtoʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow ʔotʼyit šiyamnunšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰantiʔin ṭʰe·ʔiw 17. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ʔanikʼ ʔutiyʼiyʼiw 18. hawtaw tʰihinʼ pʰɨwaščʰinat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ṭʼo·pʰaṭʼipʰ 19. hawšun tʰaw ʔanikʼ hawit nay ʔanikʼ tʰaw hiyʼa tʰaŋ tɨʔsa ʔanikʼ ʔoho·ʔot ʔalinaʔ 20. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pošwat 21. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʰəwsat 22. pʰɨwɨsʔin ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ tʼepʰnaŋiṭʰ ʔoho·ʔot 23. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰayiŋin 24. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaw do·xatix tʰaŋ ʔan ʔipna 25. ʔamaʔ ʔipʰna ʔan tʰihinʼ ṭʰumkʼaŋ ʔitkʼaŋ ʔaypʰun ʔotʼyit 26. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔan tʰaw ṭʼiwɨnšɨ 27. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ xapʰtiw ʔotʼo·yin tʰaw ʔamaʔ ʔinišiyin tʰe·ʔatʰiš ʔitikʼ 28. ʔam tʰihin tʰaŋ hokʰyat čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰsaŋ meʔči hiyam sisaʔaʔ ʔinišiyin ʔitikʼ watxutʰa 29. hačʼa·mʼu tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hokʰyat meʔči ʔam wɨxnat sisaʔaʔ ʔamaʔ ʔam wastʰutʰa ʔitkʼin watxuŋiṭʰ 0. This will be about the ripening of the acorn when it's turning black and they fall to the ground. 1.When the acorns ripen, turn black, and fall from the tree. 2. When they all fall, then they pick them up. 3. And they will take it to the house. 4. Then they spread it out in the sun where it will dry good 5. They leave it up there. 6. When it rains then they cover it up. 7. Then it doesn't get wet. 8. Then they put it outside in the sun again. 9. And when it is all loosened up then it is ready to crack. 10. They get their soaprock with holes on the top. 11. And also a small rock that is their hitter. 12. And that is what they crack with. 13. And as a result of their cracking and peeling they take it out of there. 14. As a result they get enough of how ever much they crack there. 15. Then they dry it again. 16. Then they put it in the sun again, when dried they take it into the house. 17. And they put it into their container. 18. When they want to pound then they get ground acorns. 19. Later they get however much they want to make their flour. 20. Then they crack it. 21. And they pound it. 22. As a result of the pounding, when they want acorn mush to be made. 23. Then they make a leaching hole. 24. Then they pour their flour in it. 25. Then they first put warm water on their acorn flour. 26. Then it is soaked there. 27. And they will put hot water there and it comes out as good water. 28. They don't mix it with live oak acorn because it is ripe enough for water to pass through well. 29. The new ones they have to mix because they are not ripe enough and the water is unable to pass through. wɨxi tʰaw pʰutʰus lots of acorns. underlying form: pʰutʰus/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰutʰus/   n-theme. acorn. nominative: pʰutʰus. accusative: pʰutʰsa. genitive: pʰutʰsun. dative: pʰutʰsaŋ. ablative: pʰutʰsanitʰ. locative: pʰutʰsaw. Note: Related langauge Yawelmani pʰutʰuṣ

pʰutʰutšu   v. boiled. underlying form: #pʰutʰut -šu. Morph: aorist.

pʰuṭʰoŋ   n. hand. hiya·mʼu mayʼ pʰuṭʰoŋ ʔanikʼ nay čʰə·šašin Long ago people had hands like dogs'. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʰuṭʰoŋ/   n-theme. hand, arm, finger. nominative: pʰuṭʰoŋ. accusative: pʰuṭʰo·ŋa. genitive: pʰuṭʰo·ŋin. dative: pʰuṭʰo·ŋaŋ. ablative: pʰuṭʰo·ŋanitʰ. locative: pʰuṭʰo·ŋaw. consequent adjunctive: pʰuṭʰoŋʔuy. Pl: pʰuṭʰoŋhat. Pl: pʰuṭʰuŋhat. Pl: pʰuṭʰuŋhayʼ. Pl: pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼ.

pʰuṭʰoŋhat   n. hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -hat. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼ/   n-theme. hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -wayʼ. nominative: pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼ. accusative: pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼi. See: pʰuṭʰuŋhat; pʰuṭʰuŋhayʼ.

pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼi   n. hands {acc}. natʰetʰhin pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼi fathers' hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋwayʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

pʰuṭʰoŋʔuy   n. big handed person. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -ʔuy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

pʰuṭʰo·ŋa   n. hand. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʰuṭʰo·ŋanitʰ   n. away from the hand. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʰuṭʰo·ŋaŋ   n. hand. ʔamaʔ tʰašti kʰayʼiw tʰaŋ xa·xiy nim pʰuṭʰo·ŋa tʰašti wakʼiy And then coyote said to him, give them my hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʰuṭʰo·ŋaw   n. on the hand. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ kʼačʼiwhat ṭʼe·kʼaṭʼikʼ ʔan pʰuṭʰo·ŋaw And they tie baskets on its arms. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pʰuṭʰo·ŋin   n. hand. ṭʼuxit maxši ʔan tʰaŋ pʰuṭʰo·ŋin ʔan šə·pʰa tiŋtaw Eagle got the hand marked in the ground. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʰuṭʰuŋhat   n. hands. maye·ʔin pʰuṭʰuŋhat persons' hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -hat. Morph: nominative case.

pʰuṭʰuŋhayʼ   n. hands. underlying form: pʰuṭʰoŋ/ -hayʼ. Morph: plural.

pʰuwapʰwat   n. headache. pʰuwapʰwat naʔ I have a headache. Morph: durative present.

pʼakʼat   n. flea. Variant: pʼa·kʼat. Note: Related languages Yawelmani pʼa·kʼil Chukchansi pʼa·kʼil (NAS)

pʼatwuy   n. pestle. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʰolwoy Variant: pʰatwuy.

pʼawʼ   n. thorn. šošpʰin pʼawʼ the gooseberry's thorn.

pʼaxan   v. be afraid! underlying form: #paxan -0. Morph: imperative.

pʼaxa·nat   v. scared. yow čaʔaʔpa ʔam tušaʔa tʰaŋ čʼaʔapa ʔam tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ pʼaxa·nat And some do not -- they were told about it by some others and the are not scared by it. underlying form: pʼa·xan -at. Morph: durative present.

pʼaxin   n. fear, scared. ʔamaʔ yičʼŋa watxutʰa tʰa ʔanikʼ pʼaxin ʔamaʔ ʔam tʰašti ṭʰukʰo·ʔat And their fear passes by them alone and it doesn't catch them. underlying form: #paxan -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

pʼaxintʰay   v. be afraid. hiyamʼu pʼaxintʰay tʰaw ṭʰaʔaṭʰi Long ago the people there were scared. underlying form: #pʼaxan -tʰa· -ya. Morph: neutral verbal noun durative causative inchoative.

pʼaʔanʼ   n. world, year, land. hawšun pʼaʔanʼ What year? Note: The following story is Cecile's version of the Beginning of the World: 1. hiyamʼu xew ʔə·kʼat ʔitikʼ 2.ʔaṭʰaʔtʰa pʼaʔanʼa ʔamaʔ tʰan pučʼičʼ ʔam mayʼa ṭʼatʼe·ʔaw 3. ʔamaʔ xew tʰihinʼ xo·ʔoxiʔ 4. ʔamaʔ xew xoʔoxʔoš ṭʼuxit yow kʰayʼiw 5. ʔamaʔ sawaxitʰ tʰaštiw tʰanši. 6. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ maxta·tʰa wakʼ hinwit ʔatita ŋawit 7. ʔamaʔ hiyam tʰawaṭʰčʰinat ʔamaʔ hawaʔčay ʔan kʰe·šikʰ tʰaw wa·kʼaš ʔakayčʼi 8. ʔamaʔ xuyiwši kʼumuy ʔə·kʼatʰin yow pʼaʔanʼ kʼamoʔotʰa 9. ʔamaʔ kʰayʼiw ʔə·kʼaš ʔan kʰe·šikʰaw tʰaw wakʼtʰin ʔamaʔ pukʼši tʰaw wa·kʼaš 10. ʔamaʔ ṭʼuxit tʰaŋ maxši ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ʔotʼoyšiw 11. ʔamaʔ maxši ha·ʔa ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hukuyšu wakʰʔaš xiŋ ha·ŋi šomwitaʔan 12. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰaʔan teʔisšu mayʼa ʔamaʔ čʼutipʰiy kʰuhṭʼun ʔamaʔ čʼutipʰiy mukʼešhin 1. Long ago only water was seen there. 2. A small piece of land was opened but there were no people or trees there. 3. And they are living there. 4. Eagle and Coyote were living there. 5. And turtle went to them all. 6. And they sent him to get whatever he could when he got to the bottom. 7. And he wanted to die and he barely got his portion under his fingernails by pulling it from a deep place. 8. Then he returned and all the dirt he had seen was gone. 9. And Coyote looked at all his fingernails to get something there and got a grain of dirt there 10. And Eagle took it and put it aside. 11. And he took whatever of value and mixed this with something else of value. 12. And he also turned some of that there into people, six men and six women. 13. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ puŋpiŋyʼiʔin tʰanši xoʔe niwatwašaw hitewtʰin xoʔoʔ 14. ʔamaʔ tʰa ṭʼuxit tʰanta xoyiš kʰayʼwa ʔə·kʼaš tʰašti ṭʰaʔaṭʰi hawaʔtʰaʔ tʰihinʼ 15. kʰayʼiw xuyiwši ʔamaʔ xa·xiy ʔam tʰihinʼ ʔinišiyin xo·ʔoxiʔ to·yatiy tʰihinʼ tiŋta min hin čuʔupanʼa tiŋit kʼaṭʰutʰa 16. ʔamaʔ ṭʼuxit xa·xiy wɨxnat ʔam ʔinšiš 17. pukʼe·na ha·ʔa ʔa·mat tɨʔɨsɨn tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tuyo·na 18. ho·yihiy we·ʔi ʔupʰyeyyiw hin hiʔ ha·ʔa pukʼe·na 19. ʔamaʔ tʰa tʰanši ʔupʰyeyyiʔ ʔamaʔ pukʼši šimiyaʔ 20. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tɨʔsɨn tʰa·nitʰ tuya 21. ʔamaʔ ṭʼuxit yow kʰayʼiw ʔotʼoyši tʰaŋ tiŋtaw 22. ʔamaʔ tʰaw pʼaʔnʼaw woyšu kʼumuy hantʰaw 23. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ṭʰaʔaṭʰi tošši tuy ʔan taŋtʰam tʰašti 24. ʔamaʔ hawtaw šimiyaʔ šiymana yow hantʰaw hisišaʔa ʔamaʔ ṭʰaʔaṭʰi tʰaŋ maxši 25. ʔamaʔ xi ṭʰaʔaṭʰi wɨxe·ʔaš yow kʼumuy ʔanikʼ yuwʼkʼe·ʔaš ʔamaʔ tʰa ʔitikʼ hetʰtʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ tʰaw pʼaʔanʼa 13. And they went two at a time, living at different places that is where they will be. 14. And the Eagle sent Coyote who attempted and saw how all those people were doing. 15. Coyote returned and said they are not doing well, why are they are eating your dirt, half of the dirt is gone. 16. And Eagle said this is really not good. 17. We will find something to help make it then they will be able to eat. 18. Calling to dove, will you be able to find anythingʔ 19. And the dove went and found seeds. 20. And they could make food from that. 21. Then Eagle and Coyote put them in the ground. 22. And there in the ground everything was born. 23. And they told the people eat all of your food 24. And when the seeds were dry and whatever was hidden then they got them. 25. And these people increased and all of them went to their homes and the water is still there under the land. underlying form: pʼaʔanʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʼaʔanʼ/   n. world, earth, country, land. nominative: pʼaʔanʼ. accusative: pʼaʔanʼa. ablative: pʼaʔnʼitʰ. locative: pʼaʔnʼaw. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼaʔanʼ

pʼaʔanʼa   n. land, age. hawtaw mukʼe·ši pʼaʔta·tʰa ʔanikʼ pʼaʔanʼa When girls get of age. pʼaʔanʼa pʰičʼe·ʔačʼ calendar woman. Lit: year counter Anth: Cecile's mother's grandmother was a calendar woman and used bundles of sticks to keep track of the days and the months. underlying form: pʼaʔanʼ/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

pʼaʔa·ṣi   n. lake, ocean. Variant: pʰaʔaši. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼaʔa·ṣiʔ

pʼaʔnʼaw   n. in the earth. ʔamaʔ tʰaw pʼaʔnʼaw woyšu kʼumuy hantʰaw And there in the ground everything was born. underlying form: pʼaʔanʼ/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

pʼaʔnʼitʰ   n. away from the year. underlying form: pʼaʔanʼ/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʼa·kʼat   n. flea. Variant: pʼakʼat.

pʼa·ta   n. right side, right. pʼa·ta pʰuṭʰoŋ right hand. underlying form: pʼa·ta/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʼa·ta/   n-theme. right side. nominative: pʼa·ta. locative: pʼa·taw. underlying form: Related language Yawelmani payʼa. Variant: pʰata.

pʼa·taw   n. on the right side. underlying form: pʼa·ta/ -aw. Morph: locative case. See: pʰata.

pʼa·taʔ   n. feather. Variant: pʰa·ta.

pʼa·tin   n. feather's. pʰuṭʰo·ŋaw ʔan wačamʼ ṭʼowʼoʔonʼa wačamʼ ʔan tɨʔasanʼa tʼičʼpʰin pʼa·tin yow ʔan ǯux toʔṭʼow ʔotʼoywišat He has a doctoring wand in his hand, his wand is made of a bird feather and his headress in put on his head.

pʼa·wʼukʰ   n. awl. Note: image from Gamble Note: bone awl and basket start Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼa·wʼukʰ

pʼe·nʼapʼinʼ   v. is stinging. pʼe·nʼapʼinʼ nan It is stinging me. haneʔ pʼe·nʼapʼinʼ The bee is stinging. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -0. Morph: durative present.

pʼe·nʼapʼnʼaš   v. was stinging. haneʔ pʼe·nʼapʼnʼaš The bee was stinging. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -0 -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

pʼičʼethay   n. mice. underlying form: pʼičʼethay/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʼičʼethay/   n-theme. mice. nominative: pʼičʼethay. locative: pʼičʼethayiw. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -hay. Morph: plural.

pʼičʼethayiw   n. to the mice. underlying form: pʼičʼethay/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pʼičʼetʰwayʼi   n. mice. underlying form: pʼičʼetʰwayʼ/ -i. Morph: plural nominative case.

pʼičʼtu   n. mouse. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ wɨxi pʼičʼtu I saw lots of mice. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -0. Morph: accusative case.

pʼičʼtu/   n-theme. mouse. nominative: pʼičʼtuʔ. accusative: pʼičʼtu. genitive: pʼičʼtuʔun. dative: pʼičʼtuŋ. ablative: pʼičʼunitʰ. locative: pʼičʼtuw. Pl: pʼičʼethay/. Pl: pʼičʼetʰwayʼi. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼislu

pʼičʼtunitʰ   n. away from the mouse. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʼičʼtuŋ   n. mouse. tošši naʔ mam pʼičʼtuŋ I told you about the mouse. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -ŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʼičʼtuw   n. to the mouse. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -w. Morph: locative case.

pʼičʼtuʔ   n. mouse. underlying form: pʼic'tu/ -ʔ. Morph: nominative case.

pʼičʼtuʔun   n. mouse's. underlying form: pʼičʼtu/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʼinʼ   v. sting! pʼinʼ tʰa Sting it! underlying form: #pʼinʼi -0. Morph: imperative.

pʼinʼa   v. stinging. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ mam ʔan pʼinʼa I saw it stinging you. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pʼinʼat   v. might sting. hičʰa nan naʔas pʼinʼat It might sting me. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -at. Morph: dubitative.

pʼinʼaʔa   n. one who stings. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

pʼinʼeʔčʼi   n. stinger. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

pʼinʼeʔčʼin   v. stinger's. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

pʼinʼeʔčʼinitʰ   v. away from the stinger. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -initʰ. Morph: ablative case.

pʼinʼeʔčʼiŋ   v. with the stinger. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -iŋ. Morph: dative case.

pʼinʼeʔčʼiw   v. to the stinger. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -iw. Morph: locative case.

pʼinʼe·na   v. will sting. hičʰa nan yow pʼinʼe·na It might sting me. pʼinʼe·na nan hiʔ It will sting me. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -i·na. Morph: future.

pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ   n. stinger. underlying form: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ/   n-theme. stinger. nominative: pʼinʼe·ʔičʼ. accusative: pʼinʼəʔčʼi. genitive: pʼinʼeʔčʼin. dative: pʼinʼeʔčʼiŋ. ablative: pʼinʼeʔčʼinitʰ. locative: pʼinʼeʔčʼiw. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

pʼinʼhačʰinat   V. wants to sting. pʼinʼhačʰinat nan It wants to sting me. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

pʼinʼhan   v. being stung. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan pʼinʼhan I saw him being stung. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -han. Morph: passive.

pʼinʼištʰiwšaš   v. stinging each other. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ištʰa -iwša -aš. Morph: indirective reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

pʼinʼitʰ   v. was stung. pʼinʼitʰ naʔ I was stung. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

pʼinʼŋiṭʰ   v. will be stung. pʼinʼŋiṭʰ nihiʔ I will be stung. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

pʼinʼpʼinʼ/   v-theme. sting repeatedly. neutral verbal noun: pʼinʼpʼinʼwita. Morph: Reduplicated form of #pʼinʼi 'to sting'.

pʼinʼpʼinʼwita   n. stinging repeatedly. underlying form: pʼinʼpʼinʼ/ -witi -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pʼinʼši   v. stung. haneʔ nan pʼinʼši The bee stung me. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʼinʼšitʰši   v. stung for. haneʔ nan pʼinʼšitʰši The bee stung him for me. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

pʼinʼta   v. make x sting. pʼinʼta tʰaŋ Make him sting it. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

pʼinʼtʰin   v. was stung. pʼinʼtʰin čʰɨxčʰinšiw It got sick when it got got stung. underlying form: pʼinʼi -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

pʼinʼtʼatʼakʼ   n. little finger. Variant: pʰintʰatʰukʰ.

pʼinʼʔaš   v. let sting. totto mam ʔan pʼinʼʔaš Let it sting you. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

pʼinʼʔin   v. after stinging. pʼinʼʔin nan tʰanši After stinging me he left. underlying form: #pʼinʼi -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

pʼitʼatʼ   n. diarrhea vine, diarrhea plant.

pʼoho·ʔotʼ   n. weasel. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼoho·ʔoṭʼ Variant: pʰohoʔotʰ.

pʼonʼo   n. cooking basket. underlying form: pʼonʼo/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

pʼonʼo/   n-theme. cooking basket. nominative: pʼonʼo. Pl: pʼunʼithat.

pʼow   n. gall. Note: Related language Yawelmani pʼow 'gall-bladder'

pʼučʼna   v. make spit.

pʼunʼithat   n. cooking baskets. underlying form: pʼonʼo/ -t -hat. Morph: plural.

pʼuyo   n. ice.

pʼuyuŋšu   v. frozen. Variant: puyuŋšu.

pʼuʔu   v. kiss.

pʼuʔwita   n. kissing. ʔoho·ʔoš naʔ nim nan pʼuʔwita I wanted you to kiss me. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

pʼuʔwite·na   v. will kiss. pʼuʔwite·na nihiʔ I am going to kiss her. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -e·na. Morph: future.

pʼuʔwithačʰinat   v. want to kiss. pʼuʔwithačʰinat naʔ tʰaŋ I want to kiss her. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

pʼuʔwiti/   v-theme. kiss. durative present: pʼuʔwittʰa. durative aorist: pʼuʔwittʰaš. future: pʼuʔwite·na. aorist: pʼuʔwitši. desiderative: pʼuʔwithačʰinat. neutral verbal noun: pʼuʔwita.

pʼuʔwitši   v. kissed. pʼuwitši naʔ tʰaŋ I kissed her. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

pʼuʔwittʰa   v. kissing. pʼuʔwittʰa naʔ tʰaŋ I am kissing him. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

pʼuʔwittʰaš   v. was kissing. pʼuʔwittʰaš naʔ tʰaŋ I was kissing him. underlying form: pʼuʔwiti/ -tʰaš. Morph: durative aorist.