H - h

-h   afx. non-singular. Variant: -š. Morph: Non-singular marker that alternates with {-š} in the nominative case.

-h-   afx. plural oblique. Morph: Oblique thematic suffix on plural stems.

-hačʰin   afx. desiderative. Morph: desiderative. Variant: -hčʰin.

hačʰpʼam   v. four times, fourteen. underlying form: #hatʰap -ʼ...am. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

-hačʼ   afx. diminutive plural. Morph: diminutive plural.

hačʼamhat   n. new ones.

hačʼamwayʼo   n. just born. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ sokʰtat hawtaw ʔanikʼ pučʼičʼ ʔa·xit hacʼamwayʼo And they make a hole in it when their little one is just born. underlying form: hačʼa·mu/ -wayʼ -o. Morph: plural accusative case.

hačʼa·mat   v. getting new. underlying form: hačʼa·mu/ -at. Morph: durative present. Note: Related language Yawelmani hacʼa·mat

hačʼa·mu/   n-theme. new, fresh. nominative: hačʼa·muʔ. Pl: hačʼamhat. Pl: hačʼumhat. Pl: hačʼamwayʼo. durative present: hačʼa·mat. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hacʼa·miʔ Chukchansi hačʼa·miʔ

hačʼa·mʼuʔ   n. new, fresh, unripened. hačʼa·mʼuʔ nim napʰatʰum my new son-in-law. hawtaw wosow ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔoho·ʔot ʔanikʼ hačʼa·muʔ pʰutʰsa maxaʔ When it's autumn then they want to get their fresh acorn.

hačʼo·mat   v. getting new. čʰan hačʼo·mat It's going to get new. Morph: durative present.

hačʼum   n. young. ʔamaʔ hačʼum koyuma pʰata·tatʰ yow humʼut yow tumʼtʰinʼin humʼut ʔamaʔ yow tumʼo·tumʼučʼ There were young girls, woodpecker and quail, also mountain quail and also woodrat. underlying form: hačʼa·mu/ -hat. Morph: an abbreviated form of hačʼumhat.

hačʼumhat   n. new ones. underlying form: hačʼa·mu/ -hat. Morph: plural. Note: "like when you get new crops, or anything new that is more than one"

halʼwaštʰit   v. laughing. tʰa·nitʰ tʰaŋ kʰayʼiwa halʼwaštʰit From there he was laughing at coyote. underlying form: ha·yʼawiš/ -it. Morph: durative present.

hamnʼa   n. character in stories, oger. Note: Has the form of a bird.

hamʼa/   v-theme. submerge. passive aorist: hamʼatʰ. Morph: passive aorist. Note: Related language Yawelmani hamʼwiyi

hamʼatʰ   v. being submerged. hawtaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow ṭʼə·waṭʼiw hoʔoyowow ʔitkʼaw hamʼatʰ ṭɨmɨxwittʰa They soak it, being submerged, in rusty water for however blackening (they want it). underlying form: hama/ -tʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

han   int-prn. what. han tʰaʔ What is it? ʔə·kʼaš naʔ han tʰaʔama I saw whatever it was. han xi What kind of thing is it? underlying form: ha·/ -n. Morph: nominative case.

-han   afx. passive. Morph: passive.

han tʰaʔ   v-phrase. What is it? han tʰaʔ hiʔ What will it be?

hanew   n. at the bee. underlying form: hani·/ -w. Variant: hane·ʔiw.

haneʔ   n. bee, honey bee. haneʔ nan pʼinʼši The bee stung me. Morph: nominative case. Variant: huneʔ.

hane·nitʰ   n. away from the bee. tawitʰši naʔ xe·nitʰ hane·nitʰ I ran away from this bee. underlying form: hani·/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

hane·ŋi   n. bee. wakʼiyši naʔ mam hane·ŋi I gave you the bee. underlying form: hani·/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

hane·ʔi   n. bee. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ hane·ʔi I saw the bee. underlying form: hani·/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

hane·ʔin   n. bee's. underlying form: hani·/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

hane·ʔiw   n. at the bee. underlying form: hani·/ -iw. Variant: hanew.

hani·/   n-theme. bee. nominative: haneʔ. accusative: hane·ʔi. genitive: hane·ʔin. dative: hane·ŋi. ablative: hane·nitʰ. locative: hane·ʔiw.

hantʰaw   int-prn. what suppposed thing, something. hantʰaw What supposed thing is it. hantʰaw tʰaxnat What supposed thing is coming? ʔamaʔ wɨxnat šuyʼukʼ nahni xoʔo·ši yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ hantʰaw hapʰuy And it is very sour, sometimes if they have something sweet. Morph: a combination of what + if.

hanʼiʔ   prt. while, begin. wɨxnat naʔ ʔɨtʰə·taš hanʼiʔ I was really hungry for awhile. hanʼiʔ hiwe·tʰin He's beginning to walk. xoʔ xew hanʼiʔ naʔ ʔuyyun nim tuya Sit here, I am just beginnning my meal.

hanʼtʰa   prt. if. hanʼtʰa ʔam pʰisa·ʔat yow hičʰa ʔaŋiṭʰwat tʰaŋ tɨʔɨsšatʰ If they do not want to doctor then their dream makes them.

haŋičʼ   n. sharp. Note: Related language Chukchansi xaničʼ (NAS)

haŋtawšiʔi   n. January.

hapas   n. ashes. underlying form: hapas/ -0. Morph: nominative cse.

hapas/   n-theme. ashes. nominative: hapas. locative: hapasaw. ablative: haptunutʰ. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hitʼel Chukchansi haṣinʼ

hapasaw   n. in the ashes. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hapasaw yow tokʼtat And they bury it in ashes. underlying form: hapas/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

haptunutʰ   n. away from the ashes. ʔamaʔ tʰa·nitʰ se·sasis haptunutʰ And from the ashes when it's done. underlying form: hapas/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

hapuy   n. tree species, alder. Note: looks like a thin leaf Alder Alnus tenuifera.

hapʰoy/   v-theme. to sweeten. durative present: hapʰoyta·tʰa. neutral verbal noun: hapʰuy. neutral verbal noun: hapʰyu. Note: Related language Yawelmani hapʰoy

hapʰoya·tʰa   v. making sweet, sweeten. ʔamaʔ tʰa·ŋi tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hokʰyat ʔamaʔ hapʰoya·tʰa Then they mix it with that and it sweetens it. underlying form: hapʰoy/ -tʰa·. Morph: durative present.

hapʰučʼ   n. soft. Note: Related language Yawelmani hapʼicʼ

hapʰuy   n. sweet. ʔamaʔ wɨxnat šuyʼukʼ nahni xoʔo·ši yow ʔanikʼ hičʰa xo·ʔoxiʔ hantʰaw hapʰuy And it is very sour, sometimes if they have something sweet. underlying form: hapʰoy/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

hapʰya   n. sweet. underlying form: ha·pʰuy/ -a. Morph: accusative case. Variant: hapʰyu.

hapʰyu   n. sweets. underlying form: hapʰoy/ -u. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case. Variant: hapʰya.

hašun   prn. how many. Morph: interrogative pronoun used also as an indefinite pronoun.

-hat   afx. plural. Morph: plural.

hatat   v. lift! underlying form: #hata·t -0. Morph: imperative.

hatat   n. lifting. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim tʰaŋ hatat I want to lift it. underlying form: #hata·t -o. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

hatatanʼa   n. that which is already lifted up, roof. hiyam hatatanʼa It's already raised. underlying form: hatatanʼa/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hatatčʰinat   v. want to raise. hatatčʰinat naʔ tʰaŋ I wan to lift it. underlying form: #hata·t -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hatatčʼi   n. raiser. underlying form: hata·tičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

hatathan   v. being raised. underlying form: #hata·t -han. Morph: passive.

hatatitʰ   v. was lifted. underlying form: #hata·t -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hatatšatʰ   v. will lift for someone. underlying form: #hata·t -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

hatatši   v. lifted. hatatši naʔ tʰaŋ I lifted it. underlying form: #hata·t -ši. Morph: aorist.

hatatšitʰat   v. lifting for someone. hatatšitʰat naʔ mam I am lifting it for you. underlying form: #hata·t -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

hatatʔaš   v. let someone raise. to·ʔotto nim hatatʔaš Let me lift it. underlying form: #hata·t ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

hatatʔin   v. while lifting. underlying form: #hata·t -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hatatʔiy   n. lifting place. underlying form: #hata·t -ʔiy. Morph: consequent gerundial.

hataxčʰinat   v. want to climb. underlying form: hata·xin/ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hataʔta   n. one who lifts things, something that is always lifted up. underlying form: #hata·t -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

hataʔtanʼa   n. that which was lifted. hiyam hataʔtanʼa It was lifted. underlying form: hataʔtanʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hataʔtanʼa/   n-theme. that which was raised. nominative: hataʔtanʼa. accusative: hatitnʼa. underlying form: #hata·t -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hata·ti   v. make it raise! underlying form: #hata·t -i -0. Morph: causative imperaitve.

hata·tičʼ   n. one who lifts. underlying form: hata·tičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hata·tičʼ/   n-theme. raiser. nominative: hata·tičʼ. accusative: hatatčʼi. underlying form: #hata·t -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

hata·tin   v. will lift. hata·tin nihiʔ I'll lift it. underlying form: #hata·t -in. Morph: future.

hata·tiŋiṭʰ   v. will be lifted by someone. hata·tiŋiṭʰ hiʔ It's going to be lifted. underlying form: #hata·t -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

hata·xin/   v-theme. climb, ride. imperative: hatxin. future: hatxan. durative: ha·taxin. aorist: hatxinši. durative aorist: ha·taxnaš. neutral verbal noun: hatixna. passive verbal noun: hatixʔanʼa. indirective: hatixništʰat. indirective: hatixništa·tʰa. passive aorist: hatixinit. passive future: hatixiŋiṭʰ. desiderative: hataxčʰinat. causative: hata·xiš. resident: hatxinʼin. Note: Related language Chukchansi halaxneʔ Chukchansi halaxnitʰ (NAS)

hata·xiš   v. made someone climb. hata·xiš naʔ tʰaŋ I made him climb. underlying form: hata·xin/ -0. Morph: causative aorist.

hatitnʼa   n. thing being lifted. ʔan hatitnʼa it being lifted up. underlying form: #hata·t -ʔ...anʼa -a. Morph: passive verbal noun accusative case.

hatitšitʰaš   v. lifted for someone. underlying form: #hata·t -šitʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

hatixinitʰ   v. was climbed by someone. tomtʰo hatixinitʰ The mountain was climbed. underlying form: hata·xin/ -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hatixiŋiṭʰ   v. will be climbed by someone. underlying form: hata·xin/ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

hatixna   n. climbing. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim hatixna I want to climb. underlying form: hata·xin/ -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

hatixništa·tʰa   v. is climbing for someone. hatixništa·tʰa naʔ mam I am climbing for you. underlying form: hata·xin/ -ištʰa -tʰa. Morph: indirective durative present.

hatixništʰat   v. will climb for someone. hatixništʰat naʔ mam hiʔ I'll climb for you. underlying form: hata·xin/ -ištʰa -t. Morph: indirective future.

hatixʔanʼa   n. that which is being climbed. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim hatixʔanʼa I want to climb. underlying form: hata·xin/ -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun accusative case.

hatpewtuŋičʼ   n. Thursday. Note: Related language Chukchansi hate·panaw (NAS)

hattaš   v. was raising. underlying form: #hata·t -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hattinši   v. was lifted up. ʔamaʔ tʰa·nitʰ tʰišši kʼačʼe·čʼayʼwʼo niwit yow yakʰawaw waʔa hattinši Then lizard got out from there and climbed higher to another rock. underlying form: #hata·t -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive durative aorist.

hattit   v. raising. hattit naʔ tʰaŋ I am lifting it. underlying form: #hata·t -it. Morph: durative present.

hattiwšaš   v. lifted each other. underlying form: #hata·t -iwša -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

hatxan   v. will climb. hatxan nihiʔ I will climb. hatxan tʰihinʼ tomtʰo They will climb the mountain. underlying form: hata·xin/ -0. Morph: future.

hatxin   v. climb! underlying form: hata·xin/ -0. Morph: imperative.

hatxinši   v. climbed. hiyam hatxinši He has climbed. tʰoyonʼow naʔ wɨxʔat hatxinši I kept climbing all night. underlying form: hata·xin/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

hatxinʼin   n. riding. pohuṭʰšu naʔan hatxinʼin tʰanaʔat mo·yʼukʼiw ʔipʰa·ʔat naʔan tʰaw ʔitkʼaw We grew up riding, going to Whirlwind Place swiming in the water there. underlying form: hata·xin/ -inʼin. Morph: resident---riding as seen as always climbing up.

hatʰatčʰinat   v. want to go under. underlying form: #hatʰat -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hatʰatʔiy   n. going under thing. underlying form: #hatʰat -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hatʰaʔta   n. one who went under. underlying form: #hatʰat -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

hatʰaʔtaw   n. place of the going under. underlying form: #hatʰat -ʔ...a -aw. Morph: consequent agentive locative case.

hatʰa·tičʼ   n. one who goes under. underlying form: #hatʰat -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

hatʰhutʰpʼa   v. four at a time. hatʰhutʰpʼa tʰaŋ tʰantaš He took four at a tmie. underlying form: #hatʰap -ʼ...a. Morph: distributive.

hatʰit   v. go under! underlying form: #hatʰat -0. Morph: imperative.

hatʰit   v. will go under. underlying form: #hatʰat -0. Morph: future.

hatʰitši   v. went under. underlying form: #hatʰat -ši. Morph: aorist.

hatʰpaŋi   n. four. yow hičʰa hatʰpaŋi ʔatit yow hatʰpaŋi ṭʰipʰin ʔamaʔ tʰaʔin tʰa xoʔ pʰičʼ And if there are four down or four up then that is it's count. underlying form: #hatʰap -ŋi. Morph: dative case. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hotʰpony Chukchansi hatpanay (NAS)

hatʰpʼat   v. fourth. underlying form: #hatʰap -ʼ...at. Morph: multiplicative gerundial.

hatʰta   n. going under. underlying form: #hatʰat -0 -a. Morph: accusative case.

hatʰtaš   v. was going under. underlying form: #hatʰat -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hatʰtat   v. going under. underlying form: #hatʰat -at. Morph: durative present.

haṭʰiy   v. suck.

-haṭʼ   afx. plural. Morph: plural.

hawaw   prt. somewhere. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit hawaw tʰa ṭʼatʼa hawšun tʰaw ʔopʰoʔtʰoʔ šiymanutʰa Then they put it somewhere under a tree for however long it takes to dry.

hawaʔ   int-prn. what.is. hawaʔ tʰa·ši What was it? Morph: interrogative pronoun.

hawaʔčay   prt. barely, with difficulty. hawaʔčay naʔ tʰaŋ čʼo·wʼoš I am barely doing the work. Morph: modifying particle of degree, used as an adverbial of gradience. Variant: hawʼečeyʼ. Note: Related language Yawelmani hawaʔʒay 'with difficulty'

hawaʔtʰaʔ   prn. whatever. hawaʔtʰaʔ maʔ What are you doing. tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ tʰaw witʔin hawaʔtʰaʔ They are doing whatever right now. underlying form: hawaʔ -tʰa· -ʔ. Morph: an indefinite pronoun formed on the theme ha·/ 'what'.

hawetʰčʰey   prt. finally.

hawit   int-prn. do what?, How is it? hiteʔ hawit maʔ Hello how are you? underlying form: hawit/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hawit/   int-prn. do what? nominative: hawit. accusative: hawti. genitive: hawtin. dative: hawtiŋ. locative: hawtaw. Pl: hawithay. underlying form: ha·/ -witi. Morph: {hawit/} a interrogative theme consisting of the impersonal pronoun {ha·/} and {-witi/} 'to say, do'.

hawithay   int-prn. what kind of things. hawithay kʼačʼiwhat What kind of baskets are they? underlying form: hawit/ -hay. Morph: plural.

hawšun   int-prn. how many. hawšun pʼaʔanʼ What year? hawšun min pʼaʔanʼ How old are you? hawšun tʰihinʼ ʔam to·yatiy tʰašti kʼumuy čʼomtat However many haven't eaten they all get washed. Morph: interrogative pronoun.

hawšuntʰaw   prn. however many. hawšuntʰaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ šiymanutʰa However many days to dry. hawtaw tʰihinʼ ʔoknat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ taŋayin we·ʔi hawšuntʰaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ When they drank it they would get dizzy for so many days. underlying form: hawšun -tʰaw. Morph: locative case.

hawtaw   int-prn. do what where. hawtaw mihiʔ haʔa čʼo·wot What thing will you work on? ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰihinʼ tuyhačʰinat ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ watʼa·xat hawit nay tʰihinʼ to·yatiy And when they want to eat, then they break off however much they are eating. underlying form: hawit/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

hawtaw   prt. something. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hawtaw taŋši And that is how they heard something.

hawtaw   prt. ever, when. hawtaw tʰihinʼ yow čʰə·xɨčʰin When they are sick again. ʔamaʔ hawtaw xuyiwši And when he returned. underlying form: hawit/ -aw. Morph: locative.

hawti   int-prn. do what? hawti makʼ he·či ʔupʰyiw What are we going to do today? underlying form: hawit/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

hawtin   int-prn. do what's, Why didn't. hawtin maʔ nan ʔam tuše·ʔaš Why didn't you tell me? underlying form: hawit/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

hawtiŋ   int-prn. do what with. underlying form: hawit/ -iŋ. Morph: dative case.

hawwitʔin   prt. how? Note: an intterogative with temporal reference

hawʼečeyʼ   prt. hard, difficult. hawʼečeyʼ ho·put yow maxa·ʔat The roots are hard to get. Morph: particle used as an adverbial of gradience. Variant: hawaʔčay.

-hay   afx. plural. Morph: plural.

hayanʼa   n. duck. Variant: hayʼenʼaʔ. Note: Related language Yawelmani hayʼnaʔ

hayat   v. summer. cʰanʼiʔ hayat It wil be summer. Lit: soon summer underlying form: hayat/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hayat/   n-theme. summer. nominative: hayat. aorist: hayatši. future: hayat. non-directive gerundial: hayatšiw. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hayal Chukchansi haya·lew Chukchansi haya·latʰaw (NAS)

hayatiw   n. in the summer. underlying form: hayat/ -iw. Morph: locative case. Variant: haya·tiw.

hayatši   v. was summer. hiyam hayatši It was summer. underlying form: hayat/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

hayatšiw   v. when summer comes. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hayatšiw sisšiw ʔan maxa·ʔat šuyʼukʼ When summer comes and when it ripens, then they get it sour. underlying form: hayat/ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

haya·tiw   n. in the summmer. yow hawtaw haya·tiw natʰetʰ nimikʼ ʔam čʼowʼhiy kʼačʰnʼayʼay ṭʰukʰo·ʔat topʰṭʰa Also in summer when our father wasn't working, we would be fishing, catching fish. underlying form: hayat/ -iw. Morph: locative case. Variant: hayatiw.

hayhaynʼa   n. flying. hayhayn'a mašin airplane.

hayin   v. will fly. underlying form: hayin/ -0.

hayin   v. jump! underlying form: hayin/ -0. Morph: imperative.

hayin/   v-theme. fly, jump, raise. imperative: hayin. aorist: hayinši. durative present: haynat. future: hayin. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hoyon Chukchansi hoyneʔ

hayinši   v. flew, flew like feathers scattered in the wind. underlying form: hayin/ -ši. Morph: aorist tense.

haynat   v. jumping. hiyam xi haynat This one is already flying. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔanikʼ xew pʰitaw ŋattʰaw haynat Then they jump off tho the side of their road. underlying form: hayin/ -at. Morph: durative present.

-hayʼ   afx. plural. Morph: plural.

hayʼawšit   v. laughing. hawšun hičʰa kʼumuy ṭʼipʰnin xo·ʔoxiʔ ʔamaʔ tʰa hayʼawšit tʰaʔin tʰaŋ hawšun tʰaw pʰičʼ However many, if they are all up then it is called laughing and that is how many counts there. underlying form: ha·yʼawiš/ -it. Morph: durative present.

hayʼenʼaʔ   n. duck. Variant: hayanʼa. Note: Related language Yawelmani hayʼnaʔ

hayʼninay   prt. now. hayʼninay xew pana tʰihinʼ to·yatiy Now/here they eat bread.

hayʼuwaš   n. laugh. underlying form: ha·yawiš/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

haʔ   int-prn. what. ʔamaʔ haʔ hiča ʔan xa·yʼo tʰaxnat mayʼwa pasyalit And what might he be saying: we all are coming to visit. underlying form: ha·/ ʔ. Morph: absolutive.

haʔičʼwite·na   v. will hurry. underlying form: haʔičʼwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

haʔičʼwiti/   v-theme. to hurry. future: haʔičʼwite·na. aorist: haʔičʼwitši. Note: Related language Yawelmani haʔca·/ "to keep up"

haʔičʼwitši   v. hurried. underlying form: haʔičʼwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

ha·/   prn-theme. what. nominative: han. absolutive: haʔ. accusative: ha·ʔa. genitive: ha·ʔin. dative: ha·ŋi. ablative: ha·nitʰ. locative: ha·ʔaw.

ha·lʼawiš/   v-theme. laugh. durative present: halʼwaštʰit.

ha·nitʰ   prn. away from what. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ṭʼatʔin tʰišta·tʰa tʰa ʔanikʼ ha·nitʰ ṭʼoto·ʔot And as a result of their cracking and peeling they take it out of there. underlying form: ha·/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

ha·ŋi   int-prn. what, whatever. ha·ŋi maʔ nan tošši What did you tell me? (rapid speech). tošhočʰinat nan ha·ŋi tʰaw He wants to tell me something. ha·ŋitʰaw maʔ nan tošši What supposed thing did you tell me? underlying form: ha·/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

ha·pʰuy   n. sweet. underlying form: ha·pʰuy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

ha·pʰuy/   n-theme. sweet. nominative: ha·pʰuy. accusative: hapʰya. Note: Related language Yawelmani hapʰoy

ha·taxin   v. climbing. ha·taxin naʔ I am climbing. ha·taxin naʔ ṭʰipʰin I climbed up. underlying form: hata·xin/ -0. Morph: durative present.

ha·taxnaš   v. was climbing. underlying form: hata·xin/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

ha·yʼawiš/   v-theme. laugh. durative: hayawšit. neutral verbal noun: hayuwaš. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ha·yʼa·/ Chukchansi ha·yeʔ Chukchansi hayšitʰitʰ (NAS) Variant: ha·lʼawiš/.

ha·ʔa   int-prn. what? ha·ʔa maʔ ʔə·kʼaš What did you see? underlying form: ha·/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

ha·ʔačʼi   prt. someone. tošši ʔan papʼ ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ha·ʔačʼi hunʼayiw tʰaŋ tomtʰow {He} told his grandmother I saw someone different over the mountain. underlying form: ha·ʔa -čʼi. Morph: neutral agentive accusative case with a meaning "doer of what or doer of something".

ha·ʔatʰa   prn. anything, something. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ ʔam to·yatiy še·šatʰ yow tʰihinʼ hunʼayʼ tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰa ʔitaʔkʼa to·yatiy hawšun tʰaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ And they canʼt eat meat but they eat anything that is watery for as many days as needed. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ čʰanʼiʔ tuyo·na ha·ʔatʰa And then they will again eat something. Morph: accusative case.

ha·ʔatʰaw   prn. anything, whatever. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ kačʰyat tʼepʰna yowwe·ʔi ha·ʔatʰaw Then they mix it with acorn mush or whatever they have. nahni tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰaw čʼitʼatʼ to·yatiy tʰa·ŋi ye·tʼaw yow we·ʔi hučenʼaw yičʼŋa tʰaŋ to·yatiy Sometimes they eat it with clover ot whatever or they eat it like that alone.

ha·ʔaw   prt. at what. ʔama tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ha·ʔaw tʰa ṭʼatʼaw Then they put it under the tree. underlying form: ha·/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

ha·ʔin   int-prn. what's. ha·ʔin maʔ točxitnaw What was it that scared you? ha·ʔintʰaw what unknown thing. underlying form: ha·/ -in. Morph: gentive case.

ha·ʔintʰa   prt. anything else. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ maxa·ʔat ʔanikʼ tuya šimiyaʔ kʼumuy ha·ʔintʰa And that's how they get food seeds and anything else.

-hčʰin   afx. desiderative. Morph: desiderative. Variant: -hačʰin.

hetʰtʰa   prt. still, yet, wait. Morph: temporal particle. ho·wiʔ mine·ṭʼit witʰiphat nahni yetʼ pʼaʔanʼa poŋoy pʼaʔanʼa yow nahni čʰawpʰaw yitʼšiŋta ʔanikʼ tʰaŋ tuytaŋiṭʰ ʔanikʼ tʰaw witʔin hiyam to·yatiy ʔamaʔ hetʰtʰa yow mine·ṭʼit Yes, they nurse their babies sometimes one year, two years, or sometimes continuously for five years they feed them even if the are already eating they still nurse them. Note: Related language Chukchansi hettaʔ

hetʰtʰaw   prt. right there. hetʰtʰaw wo·wutšu It stopped right there. underlying form: hetʰttʰa -w. Morph: locative case on a temporal particle.

hewtʰaš   v. was walking. tomtʰow hewtʰas He walked over the mountain. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hewtʰat   v. is walking. hewtʰat naʔ I am walking. ʔamaʔ witʔin hu··hu··wittʰa tʰa·nitʰ tʰaw hewtʰat And making the noise huuhuu walking away from there. hawtaw wɨxnat hewtʰat moyo·nat When he walks a lot, he tires. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -at. Morph: durative present.

he·či   prt. now. he·či naʔ ʔupʰyiw mo·yinši wɨxnat I'm really tired today. he·čʰiʔ naʔ tuyo·na I'll eat now. xapʰut he·či It's hot today. he·či ʔupʰyiw wɨxnat xapʰut It is hotter today than yesterday. he·či ʔupʰyiw xununnay tʰaw xapʰut Today is the hottest day of all.

he·sahis   v. hiding. underlying form: #hisi -0. Morph: durative present.

he·xaʔ   n. lard, fat. Note: Related languages Yawelmani he·xaʔ 'fat, grease', Chukchansi he·xaʔ 'fat,grease'

həčʰiy   v. stab.

həŋ   v. smell! underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -0. Morph: imperative.

həŋšɨ   v. smelled. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -ši. Morph: aorist.

həpʰiʔin pitekʼtuŋičʼ   n. diarrea plant or vine. Lit: excrementor has a lot of blood

həpʰnɨnšɨ   v. got bloody, bruises. underlying form: hə·pa/ -na- -in -ši. Morph: acquisitive medio-passive aorist.

həpʰutut   n. menstrual cycle.

həpʰʔɨyɨn   n. one who bleeds a lot, having lots of blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -iyin. Morph: intensive possessor.

həxeč   n. saliva. Variant: xəxəčʰ.

hə·ŋɨn   v. will smell. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -in. Morph: future.

hə·pa   n. blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -0. Morph: nominative and accusative case. ho·pʰut ʔan tʰaʔan ʔinšiš hə·pa Its roots are also good for the blood.

hə·pa   v. will get bloody. underlying form: hə·pa/ -0. Morph: future.

hə·pa/   n-theme. blood. nominative: hə·pa. accusative: hə·pa. genitive: hə·piʔin. dative: hə·paŋ. ablative: hə·panitʰ. locative: hə·paw. intensive possessor: həpʰʔɨyɨn. acquisitive: həpʰnɨnšɨ.

hə·panitʰ   n. from the blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -anitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

hə·paŋ   n. blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

hə·paw   n. at the blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

hə·paʔ   n. blood. underlying form: hə·pa/ -ʔ. Morph: absolutive.

hə·piʔin   n. blood's. underlying form: hə·pa/ -ʔin. Morph: genitive case.

hə·pʰɨt   v. will make even. hawtaw maʔ tixatčʰinat ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ṭʼɨwanʼa ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ hə·pʰɨt hawit maʔ ʔoho·ʔot tixta min tʰa·ŋi When you want to make a basket then soak (the dried roots) and then scrape however much you want to make your basket. underlying form: #hɨ·pʰɨ --t. Morph: future.

hə·šɨš   v. ground. underlying form: #hɨ·šɨ -iš. Morph: durative aorist. Morph: the expected form here is {hɨša·ʔaš}.

hičaʔ   prt. might. Variant: hičʰa.

hičʰa   prt. maybe, if, might. hičʰa naʔ yow moyo·nat I guess I'm tired. (Maybe I am tired). hičʰa naʔ tʰaŋ yow ʔo·šun I might steal it. Variant: hičaʔ.

himin   n. fever. underlying form: himin/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

himin/   n-theme. fever. nominative: himin. locative: himnaw.

himnaw   n. fever place. ʔamaʔ yow wiše·tʰaʔ tʰeʔin ʔitawʼiyin ʔinšiš himnaw And elderberry flowers are also good for fever. underlying form: himin/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

hin   prt. interrogative. hin maʔ naʔas nay takat Could you stay overnight? hin maʔ mo·yinši Did you get tired? Morph: A yes/no interrogative, also meaning 'eh?'.

hintʰaw   prt. around there. ʔaŋṭʰaw hintʰaw ʔotʼoy ʔanikʼ mononhay xoʔo·xiʔ pʰata·wʼiw The doctors around there put their belongings in the cave.

hinwit   prt. uncertain. hinwit nihiʔ tʰaw tʰahan I don't know if I will go there.

hinwitʔin   prt. uncertain. ʔam naʔ ho·tihit hinwitʔin nihiʔ tuyo·na I don't know if I will be able to eat. hinwitʔin nihiʔ tuyo·na hiyamxaš I don't know if I'll eat tomorrow.

hipʼe·kʰi   n. alakali.

his   v. hide! underlying form: #hisi -0. Morph: imperative.

hisa·ʔat   v. hiding. underlying form: #hisi -at. Morph: durative present. Note: the expected form is {he·sahis}

hise·na   v. will hide. underlying form: #hisi -i·na. Morph: future.

hisinši   v. was hidden. naʔ hisinši I was hidden. underlying form: #hisi -in -ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

hisišaʔa   v. that which is hidden. ʔamaʔ hawtaw šimiyaʔ šiymana yow hantʰaw hisišaʔa ʔamaʔ ṭʰaʔaṭʰi tʰaŋ maxši And when the seeds were dry and whatever was hidden then they got them. underlying form: #hisi -š -ʔ...a. Morph: aorist consequent agentive.

hisši   v. hid. tʰa tʰaŋ hisši Someone hid it. underlying form: #hisi -ši. Morph: aorist.

hiswaš   n. guessing game. underlying form: #hisi -waš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal nominative case. Note: consultant indicates that it is called this because they hide the sticks from one another

hite   int-prn. where? underlying form: hiti·/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hitew   int-prn. where. hitew ma·yʼin tʰa miyewšit Where are our scissors? underlying form: hiti·/ -w. Morph: locative case.

hitewtʰin   prt. that is where. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ puŋpiŋyʼiʔin tʰanši xoʔe niwatwašaw hitewtʰin xoʔoʔ And they went two at a time, living at different places that is where they will be. underlying form: hiti·/ -w -tʰin. Morph: locative passive gerundial--an unusual form with a particle taking locative and passive gerundial.

hiteʔ   prt. hello. hiteʔ hawit maʔ Hello, how are you? Note: Related language Yawelmani hiyuk

hite·nitʰ   int-prn. from where. hite·nitʰ tʰaxinši Where did he come from? ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ wɨtʼa·ʔat ʔopʰoʔtow hite·nitʰ šiyamun ʔinišiyin Then they spread it out in the sun where it will dry good. underlying form: hiti·/ -nitʰ. Morph: ablative case.

hite·ŋi   int-prn. where. hite·ŋi xoʔoxiʔ Where does she live? underlying form: hiti·/ -ŋi. Morph: dative case.

hite·tʰaw   prt. wherever, anywhere, anyplace. tʰanši hite·tʰaw They went anywhere. tʰan ṭʼiʔiw hite·tʰaw go anywhere. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ tʰašti xa·yaxiy kʼə·xaʔin hite·tʰaw ʔotʼoy woŋ And they were saying, "Hide, put your money anywhere". See: witaʔaw.

hiti·/   int-prn. where. nominative: hite. dative: hite·ŋi. ablative: hite·nitʰ. locative: hitew. passive gerundial: hitewtʰin.

hiṭʼwa·yoʔ   n. devil, evil spirit. ʔamaʔ tʰašti hiṭʼwa·yoʔ yawa·tit tʰaw tʰihinʼ ʔam to·čoxin Then the evil spirit follows them if they don't get scared. Morph: nominative case. Note: Related language Yawelmani hiṭʼwa·yuʔ

hiwatʰčʰinat   v. want to walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hiwatʰta   v. walk over and over! underlying form: hiwtʰta/ -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

hiwatʰta/   v-theme. walk more than once. imperative: hiwatʰta. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ta. Morph: repetitive.

hiwaʔtʰa   n. one who always walks. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

hiwa·tʰitʰ   v. was walked. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hiwetʰ   v. walk! underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -0. Morph: imperative.

hiwetʰ   n. walking. ʔoho·ʔot naʔ nim hiwetʰ I want to walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative and accusative case.

hiwetʰčʼi   n. walker. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ tʰaŋ mayʼa hiwetʰčʼi I saw the person who is a walker. underlying form: hiwe·tičʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

hiwetʰhan   v. was walked. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -han. Morph: passive.

hiwetʰŋiṭʰ   v. will be walked. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

hiwetʰšatʰ   v. will walk for someone. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future. Variant: hiwetʰšitʰin.

hiwetʰši   v. walked. hiwetʰši naʔ I walked. pʰohyon hiyam hiwetʰši čʰan mayʼwa ʔam ʔinišat Hawk was already around here, he is not going to do us any good. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ši. Morph: aorist.

hiwetʰšitʰat   v. walking for someone. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -šitʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

hiwetʰšitʰin   v. will walk for someone. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -šitʰ -in. Morph: indirective future. Variant: hiwetʰšatʰ.

hiwetʰšiw   v. when x walks. janin wɨxnat hiwetʰšiw naʔ moyo·nat When John walks too much, I get tired. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

hiwetʰwanʼi   n. that which was walked.

hiwetʰwaš   v. will walk oneself. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -wiš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

hiwetʰwišši   v. walked oneself, like you were walking fast. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

hiwetʰʔaš   v. let someone walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

hiwetʰʔin   v. while walking. tuyšu tʰaŋ waʔa hiwetʰʔin He ate while he was walking a long way. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hiweʔtʰi   v. make someone walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -i. Morph: causative.

hiwe·tʰat   v. might walk. hiča naʔ naʔas hiwe·tʰat I might walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -at. Morph: dubitative.

hiwe·tʰaw   v. walking place, walking time. ʔamaʔ tʰa tʰašti tʰanaštʰat waʔ kʰaʔama ʔanikʼ hiwe·tʰaw And that lasts them until they are walking. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -0 -aw. Morph: neutral verbal noun locative case.

hiwe·tʰičʼ   n. one who walks. underlying form: hiwe·tʰičʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hiwe·tʰičʼ/   n-theme. one who walks. nominative: hiwe·tʰičʼ. accusative: hiwetʰčʼi. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

hiwe·tʰin   v. will walk. hiwe·tʰin nihiʔ I will walk. čʰan tʰihinʼ tʰišamyiw hiwe·tʰin They will be walking in the spring. Note: refers to animals emerging in the spring underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -in. Morph: future.

hiwe·tʼiš   v. made to walk. hiwe·tʰiš naʔ tʰaŋ I made him walk. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -0 -iš. Morph: causative aorist.

hiwitʰʔiy   n. walking place. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hiwtʰištʰaš   v. walked for someone. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -ištʰa -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

hixanʼaʔ   n. fat person. Note: Related language Yawelmani hixnaʔ 'fat one'

hixaʔan   n. greasy. ʔamaʔ tʰihin waʔa·tat šalʼalʼwitaw ha·ʔa tʰa ʔanikʼ tuya hixaʔa nay yow we·ʔi se·sat And in the morning they eat breakfast with whatever food they have that is greasy like or some kind of meat. Note: Related language Yawelmani he·xaʔ Chukchansi he·xaʔ (NAS)

hixin   n. fat, obese.

-hiy   afx. consequent adjunctive. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hiyam   prt. already. hiyam naʔ moyo·not I'm already tiring. tʰašinʼ hiyam tʰaxinši They came already. hiyam naʔ mo·yinši I'm already tired. Morph: temporal particle. Note: Related language Yawelamni hiyam 'already'

hiyamxaš   prt. tomorrow. hinwitʔin nihiʔ tuyo·na hiyamxaš I don't know if I will eat tomorrow. hiyamxaš tʰaŋ hiʔ ta·ŋin He will hear it tomorrow. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hiʔẓ̌iʔ Chukchansi hikʰaw Variant: huyamxuš.

hiyamxay   n. old people. hiya·mʼu tʰaŋ hiyamxay keṭʼnat ʔinšiš tumukʰnaw kʼamona·tʰa kʼawkʼawṭʰiʔin hitew tʰanši Long ago the old people put it under their arm for sweating, it takes away the smell. hiyamxay taŋay ʔokʰnat Old time people drank Jimsonweed.

hiyamʼ   prt. early. ʔamaʔ ʔipʰa·ʔat tʰihinʼ hiyamʼ šalʼalʼwitaw Then they swim early in the norning.

hiyamʼa   prt. already. hawtaw maʔ čʼakša ʔotʼyit ʔamaʔ hiyamʼa miṭʰe·ʔatʰatʰ When you put the straw grass in it is already been make bigger.

hiya·mʼu   prt. long ago, then. hiya·mʼu wačʰpʼay ʔan natʰe·tʰin nim Long ago when my father was young. hiya·mʼu nim našuš yow ʔan noʔotʼ čʼo·woŋṭʰinitʰ ʔan xoywoš Long ago my mother and her younger sister were returning from work. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hiya·miʔ, Chukchansi hiye·mʼasʼiʔ

hiyetʼiwtat   v. am happy. hiyetʼiwtat naʔ I am happy. underlying form: hiyitʼwiti/ -at. Morph: durative present.

hiye·tʼit   v. happy. ʔamaʔ han hiye·tʼit tʰa xa·xiy hiyam pʰawʼši wita Then he was happy with that and said: that is enough now. underlying form: #hiyi·tʼ -it. Morph: durative present.

hiyitʼwat   v. will be happy. hiyitʼwat nihiʔ I'll be happy. underlying form: hiyitʼwiti/ -0. Morph: future. Variant: hiyitʼwit.

hiyitʼwit   v. will be happy. underlying form: hiyitʼwiti/ -0. See: hiyitʼwat.

hiyitʼwiti/   v-theme. be happy, fun. durative aorist: hiytʼiwtaš. future: hiyitwat. future: hiyitʼwit. durative present: hiyetʼwitat. neutral verbal noun: hiytʼiwit. underlying form: #hiyi·tʼ -witi. Note: Related language Yawelmani hiytʼiwla·/ "be happy, glad"

hiytʼiwit   n. happy. hiytʼiwit kʰamʼ Dancing is fun. underlying form: hiyitʼwiti/ -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

hiytʼiwtaš   v. happy, getting happy, having fun. hiytʼiwtaš naʔ I'm happy. underlying form: hiyitʼwiti/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hiyʼa   prt. late, later. hawšun tʰaw ʔanikʼ hawit nay ʔanikʼ tʰaw hiyʼa tʰaŋ tɨʔsa ʔanikʼ ʔoho·ʔot ʔalinaʔ Later they get however much they want to make their flour.

hiʔ   prt. future. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ hiʔ tuyo·na nay nim tuya Then they will eat like I eat. Morph: temporal particle.

-hiʔ   afx. future. Morph: future.

hiʔumčʰi   n. nothing.

hiʔusičʼ   prt. nothing but. hiʔusičʼ ṭʰaʔaṭʰi wittʰa He says, nothing but people.

hi·wetʰ   v. walk slowly. kʰučini· hi·wetʰ walk slow. underlying form: #hiwi·tʰ -0. Morph: retardative.

hɨčʼə·y   v. tighten. Note: Related language Yawelmani hicʼe·y

hɨkʼhɨkʼwit   v. hiccup reatedly! underlying form: hɨkʼhɨkʼwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative.

hɨkʼhɨkʼwite·na   v. will hiccup repeatedly. underlying form: hɨkʼhɨkʼwiti/ -i·na. Morph: future.

hɨkʼhɨkʼwiti/   v. to hiccup repeatedly. aorist: hɨkʼhɨkʼwitši. future: hɨkʼhɨkʼwite·na. imperative: hɨkʼhɨkʼwit. neutral verbal noun: hɨkʼwiyi. Note: Related language Yawelmani kikʼwiyi

hɨkʼhɨkʼwitši   v. hiccuped repeatedly. underlying form: hɨkʼhɨkʼwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

hɨkʼwit   v. hiccup! underlying form: hɨkʼwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative. Variant: hɨʔwit.

hɨkʼwiti/   v-theme. hiccup. aorist: hɨkʼwitši. imperative: hɨkʼwit. imperative: hɨkʼwuy. Note: Related language Yawelmani hikʼwiyi

hɨkʼwitši   v. hiccuped. underlying form: hɨkʼwiti/ -ši. Morph: aorist tense.

hɨkʼwiyi   n. one hiccup. Note: Related languge Yawelmani hikʼwiyi

hɨkʼwuy   v. hiccup! underlying form: hɨkʼwiti/ -0. Morph: imperative. Variant: hɨʔwit.

hɨŋa·ʔaš   v. was smelling. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hɨŋa·ʔat   v. smelling. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -at. Morph: durative present.

hɨŋə·ʔɨčʼ   n. smeller. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

hɨŋhačʰinat   v. want to smell. underlying form: #hɨ·ŋɨ -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hɨpʰa·ʔat   v. scraping. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow hɨpʰa·ʔat hiyam ʔinšiš ʔanikʼ tixittʰin And they also scraped it then it is already to be woven by them. underlying form: #hɨ·pʰɨ -ʔat. Morph: durative present. Variant: hupʼa·ʔat.

hɨša·ʔat   v. grinding. underlying form: #hɨ·šɨ -at. Morph: durative present.

hɨʔwit   v. hiccup! Variant: hɨkʼwuy.

-hočʰin   afx. desiderative. Morph: harmonizing form of-hačʰin.

hohoŋin   n. milkweed's. ʔamaʔ yow hohoŋin ʔiyluʔ tʰa ʔanikʼ kʼipʼewʼ nahni tʰihinʼ pʰo·tayŋi ʔoče·yitʰa And they also use milkweed string for their cradle strap sometimes they are decorated with beads.

hokʰyaŋiṭʰ   v. mixing. čʼaxšiyin pʰutʰus ʔinšiš hacʼa·mʼuʔ tʰa·ŋi hokʰyaŋiṭʰ Fresh live oak acorn is good to mix in with it. underlying form: #hukuy -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial.

hokʰyaš   v. was mixing. underlying form: #hukuy -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hokʰyat   v. mixing. šutʼun tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʰaʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ šičʰe·niʔin to·yatiy hokʰyat ʔanik tuya They will also boil it and when it is cool they eat it mixed with their other food. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ witʔin ʔitkʼaŋ hokʰyat Then they mix it with water right away. underlying form: #hukuy -at. Morph: durative present.

homer's   n. Homer's.

hometʰwayxi   n. tribe name (Hometwali). Morph: nominative case.

homhomikʼ   n. generous. Note: Related language Yawelmani homhomikʼ

homsaš   v. was reading. underlying form: hu·mis/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

homsat   v. reading. underlying form: hu·mis/ -at. Morph: durative present.

homsin   v. will read. underlying form: hu·mis/ -in. Morph: future.

-hon   afx. passive. Morph: passive.

-honʼo   afx. passive verbal noun. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hoŋhiŋ   v. laying eggs. Note: Related language Yawelmani hono 'lay an egg'

hoŋhoŋ   n. heart. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow watʰa·xat ʔan hoŋhoŋ Then they again split it's heart-wood. Note: Related language Chukchansi honhonʼ Chukchansi honhonʼ (NAS)

hoŋonyit   v. breathe. See: #hɨ·ŋɨ 'to smell'. Note: Related language Chukchansi honhonxonʼ

hoŋuc   n. testicles. Note: Related language Yawelmani honoṭʼ

hoŋyenʼat   v. bleed. See: hoŋhoŋ.

hoŋʼ   n. egg. Note: Related languages Yawelamni hon Chukchansi honʼ

hopʰtaš   v. was digging for roots. underlying form: ho·pʰut/ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hopʰtat   v. digging roots. monoxčʼi maʔ tʰaʔan hopʰtat You dig black root also. monoxčʼi maʔ hopʰtat Are you digging black root? underlying form: ho·pʰut/ -at. Morph: durative present.

hopʰtun   v. will dig for roots. yow mihiʔ hopʰtun monoxčʼi Will you also dig black root? underlying form: ho·pʰut/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

hopʰutšu   v. dug roots. monoxčʼi naʔ hopʰutšu I dug black root. underlying form: #ho·pʰut/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

hopʰutʔun   v. digging roots. hopʰtat maʔ tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ hopʰutʔun wɨxe·niʔin ṭʼoto·ʔot When you dig white roots and you get a bunch of them, you peel them. underlying form: #ho·pʰut -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hotʰmʼa   n. pulling. ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ʔan hotʰmʼa I saw him pulling it. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -0 -a. Morph: nuetral verbal noun accusative case.

hotʰmʼaštʰaš   v. pulled for someone. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ištʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

hotʰmʼat   v. might pull. hičʰa naʔ naʔas hotʰmʼat I might pull up. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -at. Morph: dubitative.

hotʰmʼun   v. will pull. hiyamxaš nihiʔ hotʰmʼun I'll pull it tomorrow. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -in. Morph: future.

hotʰomʼonʼo   n. was pulled. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ʔ...onʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hotʰumʼšatʰ   v. will pull for someone. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

hotʼoʔo   n. rain. Variant: xotʼoʔoʔ.

hotʼo·ʔoniš   v. built a fire. ʔamaʔ hotʼo·ʔoniš ʔamaʔ ʔitši tʰaŋ ʔoštʰo muṭʰukʼta·tʰa tʰaŋ Then he built a fire and fanned it making it smoke. Note: Related language Yawelmani hotʼo 'to set fire to'

howʼaṭʼa   n. hail. Variant: xowʼočʰaʔ.

hox   n. rope plant. hox ʔan čʼayʼax Rope plant's bud. Note: rope was made from this plant

hoy   n. deer. Variant: xoy.

hoyčʼaš   v. was liking. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hoyčʼat   v. liking. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -at. Morph: durative present.

hoyhay   n. naming repeatedly. underlying form: #hoyo·hoyo· -0. Morph: repetitive neutral verbal noun nominative case.

hoyhiya   n. call. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. underlying form: hoyo·hiy/ -a. Morph: accusative case.

hoyhon   n. was named by x. underlying form: #hoyo· -hon. Morph: passive.

hoyhuy   v. name repetitively! hoyhuy tʰaw wɨxi There is a lot of naming. Phon: In careful speech it is pronounced [hoyhoy] hoyhoy tʰaw wɨxi There is a lot of naming. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -0. Morph: reduplicated verb marking repetitive action.

hoyhuyšu   v. named repeatedly. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -šu. Morph: reptetive aorist.

hoyikʰut   v. to dig.

hoyohčʰinat   v. want to name. hoyohčʰinat naʔ I want to call. underlying form: #hoyo· -hčʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hoyohi·witʼ   n. placename near Woodlake.

hoyohyiš   v. was naming repeatedly. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -iš. Morph: repetitive durative aorist.

hoyohyit   v. naming repeatedly. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -it. Morph: repetitive durative present.

hoyon   n. naming. totto nim hoyon Let me call him. underlying form: #hoyo· -n. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

hoyoštʰin   v. will name for someone. naʔ mam hiʔ hoyoštʰin I will name it for you. underlying form: #hoyo· -ištʰ -in. Morph: indirective future.

hoyoštʰiš   v. named for someone, called for someone. hoyoštʰis naʔ mam tʰa·ŋi I called him for you. underlying form: #hoyo· -ištʰ -iš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

hoyot   v. might name. hičʰa naʔ tʰaŋ naʔas hoyot I might name him. underlying form: #hoyo· -at. Morph: dubitative.

hoyotʰ   v. was named. hoyotʰ naʔ I was called. underlying form: #hoyo· -tʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hoyowšit   n. naming place. underlying form: #hoyo· -wšit. Morph: reflexive/reciprocal adjunctive. Variant: huyiwšit.

hoyoʔ   v. name!, call! hoyoʔ nan hiʔ Call me! ʔamaʔ ʔan yiwʼin kʼamowittʰa yow tʰašti hoyoʔ But his wife said no, call them again! underlying form: #hoyo· -0. Morph: imperative.

hoyoʔ   v. will name, will call. Mary nanhiʔ tʰa·nitʰ hoyoʔ Mary will call me from there. hičʰa naʔ tʰaŋ yow hoyoʔ I might name him. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔ. Morph: future.

hoyoʔčʼi   n. namer. underlying form: hoyo·ʔočʼ/ -i. Morph: accusative case.

hoyoʔhonʼo   n. that which was named. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔhonʼo. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hoyoʔo   n. a namer, an evil spirit who repeatedly calls out a person's name when he walks by. Note: also can say hoyo·hiyičʼ taʔ hoyoʔo He is a namer. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔo. Morph: consequent agentive.

hoyo·hiy   n. naming thing. underlying form: #hoyo· -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hoyo·hiy/   n-theme. naming thing, a call. nominative: hoyo·hiy. accusative: hoyhiya. underlying form: #hoyo· -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hoyo·hiyičʼ   n. name of place about 5 miles from Woodlake between Nerano and the homeplace and where there is one who names repeatedly, a namer, an evil spirit who reatedly calls out a person's name when one walks by. Phon: In careful speech it is pronounced hoyo·hoyičʼ hoyo·hoyičʼ one who names repeatedly. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -hiy -ičʼ. Morph: repetitive neutral agentive nominative case.

hoyo·hon   v. was named by. underlying form: #hoyo· -hon. Morph: passive.

hoyo·hoyo·/   v-theme. name repeatedly. imperative: hoyhuy. aorist: hoyhuyšu. neutral verbal noun: hoyhay. future: hoyo·huy. neutral agentive: hoyo·hiyičʼ. durative present: hoyohyit. durative aorist: hoyohyiš. underlying form: #hoyo· -0. Morph: reduplicated verb marking repetitive action.

hoyo·huy   v. will name repeatedly. underlying form: hoyo·hoyo·/ -0. Morph: repetitive future.

hoyo·ŋiṭʰ   v. will be named, will be called. tʰaw nihiʔ hoyo·ŋiṭʰ Someone will call me. tʰa·nitʰ nihiʔ hoyo·ŋiṭʰ witʰe·pin I will be called from there by the boy. underlying form: #hoyo· -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

hoyo·ši   v. named, called. ʔamaʔ yiwʼe·ničʼ maxši ʔan tatpʰa ʔamaʔ yow sikʰtʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti hoyo·ši The husband got his bow and his arrows then he called them all. underlying form: #hoyo· -ši. Morph: aorist.

hoyo·šitʰ   v. name (it) for someone! underlying form: #hoyo· -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective imperative.

hoyo·šitʰ   v. will name for x. underlying form: #hoyo· -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

hoyo·tʰin   v. being named. hoyo·tʰin ʔan It was being named. underlying form: #hoyo· -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

hoyo·wiš   v. name themselves. underlying form: #hoyo· -wiš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal.

hoyo·ʔin   v. while naming. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hoyo·ʔočʼ   n. namer. underlying form: hoyo·ʔočʼ/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hoyo·ʔočʼ/   n-theme. namer. nominative: hoyo·ʔočʼ. accusative: hoyoʔčʼi. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔočʼ. Morph: neutral agentive.

hoyo·ʔoš   v. let someone name. hoyo·ʔoš nim Let me name it. underlying form: #hoyo· -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

hoyʼiš   v. was sending. underlying form: hoyʼi·/ -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

hoyʼit   v. will send. underlying form: hoyʼi·/ -t. Morph: future.

hoyʼitʰ   v. was sent. underlying form: hoyʼitʰ -itʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hoyʼi·/   v. to send. future: hoyʼit. durative aorist: hoyʼiš. passive aorist: hoyʼitʰ. Note: Related languages Yawelmani ho·ye·/ Chukchansi hɔ·ye/

hoyʼto   v. make someone name! underlying form: #hoyo· -ta -0. Morph: causative imperative.

hoyʼyit   v. hunt. čʰa naʔ hoyʼyit xoyo I am hunting deer. Note: Related languages Yaw hoyʼle·/ Chukchansi xoyninʼ

hoʔoyʼowow   n. rusty. hawtaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ yow ṭʼə·waṭʼiw hoʔoyʼowow ʔitkʼaw hamʼatʰ ṭɨmɨxwittʰa They soak it, being submerged, in rusty water for however black (they want it).

ho·   prt. ok. ho· ʔanikʼ tʼepʰnin kʼačʼaw ʔamaʔ wɨxnat ʔačʼew tixaʔtanʼa ʔamaʔ yow hučʼayʔiy To be ok for their acorn basket, then they weave very closely and also tightly.

ho·ho·   n. foam. Note: Related language Chukchansi ǰomo·manʼ "foam of waterfall"

ho·misši   v. read. underlying form: hu·mis/ -ši. Morph: aorist.

ho·miš   v. read.

ho·ŋačʼhuŋačʼ   n. milkweed gum. Note: Related language Yawelmani ho·nacʼhonacʼ

ho·pʰut   n. roots. hawʼečeyʼ ho·pʰut yow maxa·ʔat The roots are hard to get. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʔ maxa·ʔat taŋa·yin ho·pʰut They get Jimsonweed roots. čʰotot ho·pʰut white roots. Note: Cecile explains how to prepare white roots to use in making a basket: 0. čʰotot ho·pʰut 1. hopʰtat maʔ tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ hopʰutʔun wɨxe·niʔin ṭʼoto·ʔot 2. ʔamaʔ kʼumuy ṭʼotʔin watʼa·xat 3. ʔama tʰaŋ witʔin šiymanutʰa 4. šiyamunšiw ʔan ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ šototʰtat 5. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ṭʼikʼe·na ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit hitew maʔ tʰaŋ ʔotʼoyčʰinat 6. hawtaw maʔ tixatčʰinat ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ṭʼɨwanʼa ʔamaʔ maʔ tʰaŋ hə·pʰɨt hawit maʔ ʔoho·ʔot tixta min tʰa·ŋi 0. White roots 1. When you dig white roots and you get a bunch of them, you peel them. 2. When all are peeled, you split them. 3. Then right away you let them dry. 4. After they dry then coil them up. 5. Then tie then (in a bundle) and put it wherever you want to put it. 6. When you want to make a basket, saok (the white roots) and then scrape however much you want to make your basket.

ho·pʰut/   n-theme. root, sawgrass, wire grass. nominative: ho·pʰut. dative: ho·pʰutŋu. locative: ho·pʰutaw. Cladium californicum. Note: picture from snipview.com Note: Related languages Yawelmani ho·pʰul Chukchansi ho·pʰulʼ

ho·pʰutaw   n. to the root, in the root. kʰontaš naʔ tʰa nim šitʰet kʼaw ho·putaw I dropped my stick there in the roots. underlying form: ho·pʰut/ -aw. Morph: locative case.

ho·pʰutŋu   n. with a root. ʔamaʔ maʔ ho·putŋu tʰaŋ čʼakšiyin And you use the root as straw. underlying form: ho·pʰut/ -ŋu. Morph: dative case.

ho·ši/   v-theme. to drive away. durative aorist: ho·šiš. future: ho·šit. durative present: ho·šitʰa.

ho·šiš   v. driven away. underlying form: ho·ši/ -iš. Morph: durative aorist.

ho·šit   v. will drive away. underlying form: ho·ši/ -t. Morph: future.

ho·šitʰa   v. driving away. underlying form: ho·ši/ -tʰa. Morph: durative present.

ho·tahtaš   v. knew. mitʼačʼ naʔ tʰaŋ ho·tahtaš I knew him slightly. underlying form: #hutu -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

ho·tihit   v. knowing. ʔam naʔ ho·tihit I don't know. underlying form: #hutu -0. Morph: durative present. Variant: huta·ʔat.

ho·tʰumʼ   v. pull up! underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -0. Morph: imperative.

ho·tʰumʼhan   v. was pulled by. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -han. Morph: passive.

ho·tʰumʼŋuṭʰ   v. will be pulled by someone. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

ho·tʰumʼšu   v. pulled. ho·tʰumšu naʔ tʰaŋ wa·wʼaw I pulled it yesterday. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -šu. Morph: aorist.

ho·tʰumʼtʰun   v. being pulled up by x. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

ho·tʰumʼʔaš   v. let me pull. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

ho·tʰumʼʔun   v. while pulling up. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

ho·ṭʰun   v. noticed, knew.

ho·wi   prt. yes. Variant: ho·wiʔ. Morph: affirmative interjection.

ho·wiʔ   prt. yes. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hɔ̃·hɔ̃ʔ Chukchansi hu·huʔ Variant: ho·wi.

ho·yihiy   v. is naming. ho·yihiy naʔ I am calling. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. underlying form: #hoyo· -0. Morph: durative present. Variant: ho·yohyot.

ho·yohyoŋiṭʰ   v. will be named by, will be called by. tʰa·nitʰ nihiʔ ho·yohyoŋiṭʰ I will be called from there. tʰa·nitʰ nihiʔ ho·yohyoŋiṭʰ witʰe·pin I will be called from there by the boy. underlying form: #hoyo· -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: durative passive.

ho·yohyoš   v. was naming, was calling. ho·yohyoš naʔ mam I was calling you. underlying form: #hoyo· -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

ho·yohyot   n. calling, naming. underlying form: #hoyo· -ot. Morph: durative present. Variant: ho·yihiy.

hučenʼaw   prt. for certain. nahni tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰaw čʼitʼatʼ to·yatiy tʰa·ŋi ye·tʼaw yow we·ʔi hučenʼaw yičʼŋa tʰaŋ to·yatiy Sometimes they eat it together with clover or whatever or they eat it like that for certain alone.

hučʰo·ʔičʼ   n. ghost. Note: Related language Chukchansi haʔhiǰiwʼ

hučʼayʔiy   v. tight. ho· ʔanikʼ tʼepʰnin kʼačʼaw ʔamaʔ wɨxnat ʔačʼew tixaʔtanʼa ʔamaʔ yow hučʼayʔiy To be ok for their acorn basket, then they weave very closely and also tightly. underlying form: #hučʼay -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hicʼe·y Chukchansi hečʼe·yitʰ

huhtʰutu   n. owl. Variant: huʔtʰutuʔ.

huhunaʔ   n. a dance character who would find and keep your money. Note: Here is Cecile's account of the time her father saw the Huhuna: 0. huhunaʔ 1. hiya·mʼu wičʰpʼay ʔan natʰe·tʰin nim ʔə·kʼaš ʔanikʼ toʔan 2. ʔamaʔ tʰašti teyaw ʔan tʰaxna tʰa ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ tʰašti xa·yaxiy kʼə·xɨyɨn hite·tʰaw ʔotʼoy woŋ 3. ʔamaʔ hiyamxaš nihiʔ tʰaxin 4. ʔamaʔ naʔ pukʼe·na tʰaŋ hiʔ 5. ʔamaʔ ye·tʼaw kʼaw ʔopʰoʔtoʔ tʰaxinši 6. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ wuṭʰsi ʔan šitʰitčiŋ ʔan mononhay kʼalʼwittʰa 7. ʔamaʔ witʔin hu··hu··wittʰa tʰa·nitʰ tʰaw hewtʰat 8. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ ʔə·kʼaš hutšu tʰa·ŋi hitew xoʔ tʰa kʼə·xa 9. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰanši ʔamaʔ ʔan šitʰitčiŋ tʰaŋ tʰištaš pukʼši tʰaŋ kʼə·xa 10. wɨxnat witʰep nim nʼahi yitʼan tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ čʰan ʔə·kʼaš 0. huhuna 1. Long ago when my father was young, he saw them [huhuna] playing. 2. And before [huhuna] came there, they were all saying "Hide, put your money wherever." 3. And, I [huhuna] will come back tomorrow. 4. And I will find it. 5. And he came to the group the next day. 6. And he hit his cane on his clothes making the sound of kal. 7. And making the noise huuhuu walking away from there. 8. And he saw or knew where the money was hidden. 9. And he went there and with his cane took out and found the money. 10. My dad was very young and only saw it once.

hukayčʰinat   v. want to mix. hukayčʰinat naʔ tʰaŋ I want to mix it, underlying form: #hukuy -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative aorist.

hukayta   v. mix again and again! underlying form: hukuyta/ -0. Morph: repetitive imperative.

hukayta/   v-theme. mix repeatedly. imperative: hukayta. underlying form: #hukuy -ta. Morph: repetitive.

hukayʔanʼa   n. was mixed. underlying form: #hukuy -anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hukoyʔuy   n. mixing place, baking powder. underlying form: hukoyʔuy/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

hukoyʔuy/   n-theme. 1 • mixing thing or place.

2 • baking powder. nominative: hukoyʔuy. accusative: hukoyʔuyaw. underlying form: #hukuy -ʔuy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hukoyʔuyaw   n. to the mixing place. underlying form: hukoyʔuy/ -aw. Morph: accusative case.

huko·yučʼ   n. one who mixes. underlying form: #hukuy -učʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

huko·yuš   v. made x mix. huko·yuš nan tʰaŋ He made me mix it. underlying form: #hukuy -i -š. Morph: causative aorist.

hukuy   v. mix! underlying form: #hukuy -0. Morph: imperative. Note: Related language Yawelmani hukuy 'mixture'

hukuyhan   n. that which has been mixed. underlying form: #hukuy -han. Morph: passive.

hukuyhanŋiṭʰ   v. was being mixed by someone. underlying form: #hukuy -han -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive predicated gerundial.

hukuyŋuṭʰ   v. will be mixed. underlying form: #hukuy -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

hukuyšatʰ   v. will mix for x. underlying form: #hukuy -šitʰ -0. Morph: indirective future.

hukuyšu   v. mixed. ʔamaʔ maxši ha·ʔa ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hukuyšu wakʰʔaš xiŋ ha·ŋi šomwitaʔan And he took whatever of value and mixed this with something else of value. underlying form: #hukuy -ši. Morph: aorist.

hukuytʰin   v. being mixed by x. hukuytʰin nim being mixed by me. underlying form: #hukuy -tʰin. Morph: passive gerundial.

hukuywaš   v. will mix itself. underlying form: #hukuy -waš -0. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal future.

hukuyʔaš   v. let x mix. hukuyʔaš ʔan hiʔ Let him mix it. underlying form: #hukuy -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

hukuyʔin   v. while mixing. xoʔo·ši nimikʼ ʔašukiŋ ʔamaʔ naʔan hukuyʔin tʰaŋ ʔašukaŋ to·yatiy yow čaʔaʔpa tʰaŋ kʰuyoŋ hokʰyat When we have some sugar then we mix it with that and eat it or mix it with some salt. underlying form: #hukuy -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hukyat   v. might mix. hičʰa naʔ tʰaŋ naʔas hukyat I might mix it. underlying form: #hukuy -at. Morph: dubtitative.

hukyutʰ   v. was mixed by. hukʰyutʰ witʰe·pin It was mixed by the child. underlying form: #hukuy -tʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hukʰya   n. mixing. naʔ tʰaŋ ʔoho·ʔot nim hukʰya I want to mix it. underlying form: #hukuy -0 -a. Morph: neutral verbal noun accusative case.

hukʰyun   v. will mix. hukʰyun nihiʔ I will mix it. underlying form: #hukuy -in. Morph: future.

hukʰyuštʰaš   v. mixed for x. underlying form: #hukuy -šitʰ -aš. Morph: indirective durative aorist.

hukʰyuwšaš   v. mixed each other. underlying form: #hukuy -iwš -aš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal durative aorist.

humʼtun   n. to the quail. underlying form: humʼut/ -in. Morph: locative case.

humʼuntun   n. quail's. humʼuntun ʔočay quail design (on baskets). Note: images from Gamble Note: quail crest on a basket and design underlying form: humʼut/ -in. Morph: genitive case.

humʼut   n. quail. ʔamaʔ hačʼum koyuma pʰata·tatʰ yow humʼut yow tumʼtʰinʼin humʼut ʔamaʔ yow tumʼo·tumʼučʼ There were young girls, woodpecker and quail, also mountain quail and also woodrat. underlying form: humʼut/ -0. Morph: nominative case.

humʼut/   n-theme. quail. nominative: humʼut. genitive: humʼuntun. locative: humʼtun. Pl: humʼuthat. Variant: humʼat. oreortyx pictus. Note: Related languages Yawelmani humnul Chukchansi humnulʼ Chukchansi humnul (NAS)

humʼuthat   n. quails. underlying form: humʼut/ -hat. Morph: plural.

huneʔ   n. honey bee. Variant: haneʔ.

hunŋuṭʰ   v. stopping time, end of mourning period. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʔ ponxat hawtaw tʰihinʼ hunŋiṭʰ wita Then they fasted until the time (end of mourning) came. underlying form: hunu/ -ŋuṭʰ. Morph: predicated gerundial. Note: Related language Yawelmani hunun 'unable to pass, be blocked by'

hunxutʰ   n. gopher, Valley pocket gopher. Variant: xunxutʰ.

hunʼayʼ   prt. just, different, at first, in vain. hunʼayʼ naʔ hiwetʰši I just walked around. hunʼayʼ tʰihinʼ ha·ʔatʰa ʔitaʔkʼa to·yatiy They just eat anything that is watery. ʔamaʔ čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ pʰisa·ʔat yow čaʔaʔpa hunʼayʼ ʔam čʰupo·nat haʔa And some are at first told to doctor but some do not believe anything at first.

hunʼayʼiw   prt. different. tošši ʔan papʼ ʔə·kʼaš naʔ ha·ʔačʼi hunʼayiw tʰaŋ tomtʰow {He} told his grandmother I saw someone different over the mountain. underlying form: haunʼay -iw. Morph: lovative case.

hunʼayʼmayʼ   n. common person. yow ʔanikʼ čʰɨxčʰɨn tʰaw xo·ʔoxiʔ kʼumuy hantʰaw ʔam tʰaŋ hunʼayʼmayʼ ʔɨkʼa·ʔat And their sickness is there also, all those things a common person can not see. Morph: a compound word from hunʼayʼ+mayʼ.

hupʰanʼa   n. widow.

hupʰatiw   n. at the burn.

hupʰsun   v. will select. underlying form: #hupʰus -in. Morph: future.

hupʰtan   n. burn.

hupʰusčʰinat   v. want to select. underlying form: #hupʰus -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hupʰusšu   v. selected. underlying form: #hupʰus -šu. Morph: aorist.

hupʰut   n. root. tʰanaʔat naʔ kʼaw hupʰut tʰaw nim I am going to where I got the root. underlying form: #ho·pʰut -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun nominative case.

hupʼa·ʔat   v. scraping. Variant: hɨpʰa·ʔat.

husi·na   n. stove. From: Spanish cocina.

hut   v. know! underlying form: #hutu -0. Morph: imperative.

huta   n. known thing. ʔoho·ʔot ʔan huta ʔɨtkʰa He wants to become a singer. underlying form: #hutu -a. Morph: verbal noun nominative case.

huta/   n-theme. knowing. nominative: huta. locative: hutaw. underlying form: #hutu -0. Morph: neutral verbal noun.

hutahanʼa   n. that which was known. underlying form: #hutu -ʔ...anʼa. Morph: passive verbal noun.

hutatʰ   v. was known by. wičʼʔi nim hutatʰ I knew him a little while. (He was known by me slightly). underlying form: #hutu -atʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

hutaw   n. at knowing. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. underlying form: huta/ -w. Morph: locative case.

hutaʔa   n. one who knows things, smart. underlying form: #hutu -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive. Note: The difference between hutaʔa and huto·ʔučʼ is that hutaʔa refers to one who already knows something and huto·ʔučʼ refers to someone who finds something out.

huta·ʔat   v. knowing. Variant: ho·tihit.

huthačʰinat   v. want to know. huthačʰinat naʔ min xa·xiyat I want to learn your language. underlying form: #hutu -hačʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hutik   n. pepperish plant. See: čʼite·takʼ.

hutŋuṭʰ   v. will be known by. underlying form: #hutu -ŋiṭʰ. Morph: passive future.

huto·huy   n. knowing place. underlying form: #hutu -hiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

huto·na   v. will know. underlying form: #hutu -i·na. Morph: future.

huto·ʔučʼ   n. knower, one who finds out. underlying form: #hutu -ʔičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive. Note: The difference between hutaʔa and huto·ʔučʼ is that hutaʔa refers to one who already knows something and huto·ʔučʼ refers to someone who finds something out.

hutšu   v. knew. hiyam nay tʰa hutšu hardly knew him. hiyam hutšu nim piya nim tuya They knew I had finished eating. underlying form: #hutu -ši. Morph: aorist.

hutšutʰšu   v. knew for someone. hutšutʰšu naʔ mam I knew it for you. underlying form: #hutu -šitʰ -ši. Morph: indirective aorist.

hutta   v. made to know. underlying form: #hutu -ta. Morph: causative.

hutunšu   v. was know. underlying form: #hutu -in ši. Morph: medio-passive aorist.

hutwuššu   v. knew each other. underlying form: #hutu -wiš -ši. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal aorist.

hutʔaš   v. let me know. underlying form: #hutu -ʔaš. Morph: precative gerundial.

hutʔun   v. knowing. wuṭʰši naʔ tʰaŋ ʔam hutʔun I hit him without knowing it. underlying form: #hutu -ʔin. Morph: resultative gerundial.

hutʰamʼčʰinat   v. want to pull. hutʰamʼčʰinat naʔ tʰaŋ I want to pull it. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

hutʰamʼta   v. pull up repeatedly! underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ta. Morph: repetitive imperative.

hutʰŋay   n. by accident -- not aware of what you did.

hutʰomʼčʼu   n. one who pulls. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -učʼ -i. Morph: neutral agentive accusative case.

hutʰomʼšutʰat   v. pulling for someone. hutʰomʼšutʰat naʔ mam I am pulling it for you. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -šatʰ -at. Morph: indirective durative present.

hutʰomʼʔuy   n. pulling thing. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ʔiy. Morph: consequent adjunctive.

hutʰo·mʼaš   v. pulled up. naʔ tʰaŋ yuʔut hutʰo·mʼaš I was pulling it. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -aš. Morph: durative aorist.

hutʰo·mʼat   v. pulling up. naʔ tʰaŋ yuʔut hutʰo·mat I was going to pull it up. ʔamaʔ maxa·ʔat tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ hutʰo·mat tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ And they get it pulling it up. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -at. Morph: durative present.

hutʰo·mʼučʼ   n. one who pulls. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -ičʼ. Morph: neutral agentive nominative case.

hutʰo·mʼutʰ   v. was pulled by someone. underlying form: #ho·tʰumʼ -utʰ. Morph: passive aorist.

huwčʰuwiš   n. dice game. Note: Here is Cecile's account of the dice game: 0. huwčʰuwiš 1. təʔsat tʰihinʼ huwočʰ huwo·čʰaŋ 2. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ kʼumuy wayʼkʰat ʔan-nim kʼɨmayʼaʔ 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ šipešpat čʰototya·tʰa 4. yakʰawaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ xɨpʼxɨpʼwittʰa 5. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ piyin ʔamaʔ tʰihin tʰaŋ ma·pʼamipʼ ša·xalŋi yow we·ʔi ha·ŋitʰaw kʼiwʼšaŋ 6. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ ʔotʼyit ma·pʼamipʼ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ teyaw ʔan čʼičʼe·kʼaŋṭʰi pʰo·tay 7. yow we·ʔi ṭʰuṭʰutŋihat tʰaŋ tʰihinʼ walamwitʰan ʔanikʼ tʼimʼši 8. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ xoʔ ʔanikʼ kʼačʼaw tɨʔasanʼa tuʔo·huy ʔanikʼ hoyo·ʔoš ʔan kʰayʼo·ṭʰuʔ 9. ʔamaʔ tʰaw tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ nay milikʰaniʔin toʔon 10. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ munʼoš ʔanikʼ huwočʰ 11. ʔamaʔ ʔanikʼ wičʼetʰ we·ʔi ṭʼiyʼew yow poŋoy tɨʔasanʼa wičʼe·tʰaŋ 12. ʔam wɨxnat wəʔə·haṭʼ 13. ʔamaʔ tʰa ʔanikʼ pʰičʼe·hiy ʔanikʼ hawšun tʰihinʼ ṭʼa·wʼaṭʼiwʼ 14. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ to·ʔatiʔ huwučʰwišat 15. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ tʼe·mʼatʼimʼ 16. ʔamaʔ hawšun ʔattin xo·ʔoxiʔ yow hawšun ṭʰipʰnin 17. ʔamaʔ tʰa pʰičʼan xo·ʔoxiʔ hawšun tʰaw ʔan pʰičʼ 18. yow hičʰa hatʰpaŋi ʔatit yow hatʰpaŋi ṭʰipʰin ʔamaʔ tʰaʔin tʰa xoʔ pʰičʼ 19. hawšun hičʰa kʼumuy ṭʼipʰnin xo·ʔoxiʔ ʔamaʔ tʰa hayʼawšit tʰaʔin tʰaŋ hawšun tʰaw pʰičʼ 20. yow ʔattin kʼumuy ṭɨmɨxwittʰa ʔamaʔ tʰaʔan tʰaʔan pʰičʼ xo·ʔoxiʔ 21. we·ʔi mɨŋɨŋši naʔ pʰičʼ hawšun ʔanikʼ pʰičʼ 22. ʔam naʔ tʰaŋ wɨxnat toʔo·šu 23. ʔamaʔ hawtaw tʰaw wa·tʰ ṭʼa·wʼaṭʰʼiwʼ kʼumuy tʰaŋ wičʼetʰ ʔanikʼ ʔamaʔ tʰa ṭʼawʼa·ʔačʼ 24. xo·now tʰihinʼ to·ʔatiʔ mukʼešhi 25. yow mukʼišhin toʔan ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ tʰaŋ to·ʔatiʔ 0. Dice Game 1. They make dice with black walnut. 2. And they clean out all of its-my nut. 3. And they scrape it making it white. 4. They rub it repeatedly on a rock. 5. And when they finish it there, they fill it with tar or whatever hard thing they have. 6. And they put beads in, filling it before it cools. 7. or anything like abalone shells that shine when they are thrown 8. And they have their playing basket made, it is called kayowtu. 9. And they play on it like the white person's game. 10. And they have eight dice. 11. And they have their sticks or anything, twelve of them made from sticks 12. They are not too tall. 13. And they have these to count, however many points the are getting. 14. And they play the dice game. 15. And they throw them. 16. And however many are down or however many are up. 17. And that is it's count, however many is there is the count. 18. And if there are four down or four up then that is it's count. 19. However many, if they are all up then it is called laughing and that is how many counts there. 20. Or if they are all down it is called black and it has its count also. 21. I forgot anything on the count, how many of them count. 22. I didn't play it very much. 23. And when someone wins, they win all their sticks then they are the winner. 24. They were always playing, the women. 25. And it was a women's game and they played it. Note: Picture from the Smithsonian Institution photo archives -- mostly likely from F. Latta 1944. underlying form: huwu·čʰ/ -wiš. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal. Note: Related languages Yawelamni huwṭuwus Chukchansi huwčuwṣ-an

huwočʰ   n. dice for game. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ munʼoš ʔanikʼ huwočʰ And they have eight dice. təʔsat tʰihinʼ huwočʰ huwo·čʰaŋ They make dice with black walnut. underlying form: huwu·čʰ/ -0. Morph: nominative case. Note: Note: Picture from the Smithsonian Institution photo archives -- mostly likely from F. Latta 1944. Note: Made from black walnut shells

huwo·čaŋ   n. black walnut. təʔsat tʰihinʼ huwočʰ huwo·čʰaŋ They make dice with black walnut. underlying form: huwu·čʰ/ -aŋ. Morph: dative case.

huwo·čʰ/   n-theme. black walnut. nominative: huwočʰ. dative: huwo·čʰaŋ. underlying form: huwu·čʰ/ -0.

huwučʰwišat   v. playing the dice game. ʔamaʔ tʰihinʼ to·ʔatiʔ huwučʰwišat And they play the dice game. underlying form: huwu·čʰ/ -wiš -at. Morph: reflexive reciprocal durative present.

huwu·čʰ/   v-theme. play dice game. reflexive-reciprocal: huwčʰuwiš. durative present: huwučʰwišat.

huxučʰ   v. vomit. Variant: ʔukʰučʰ. Note: Related languages Yawelmani huxus Chukchansi hoxšanʼ

huyačʼčʰinat   v. want to like. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -čʰin -at. Morph: desiderative durative present.

huyamxuš   prt. tomorrow. Variant: hiyamxaš. Note: Related languages Yawelmani hiʔǯiʔ Chukchansi hi·kʼaw

huyeʔčʼa   n. one who likes. natʰetʰ nimikʼ huyeʔča kawa·yuʔ Our father liked horses. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -ʔ...a. Morph: consequent agentive.

huyiwšit   n. naming place. underlying form: #hoyo· -iwš -t. Morph: reflexive-reciprocal adjunctive. Variant: hoyowšit.

huyočʼ   v. like! underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -0. Morph: imperative.

huyočʼšiw   v. will be liking. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -šiw. Morph: non-directive gerundial.

huyočʼšu   v. liked. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -šu. Morph: aorist.

huyoʔčʼa   v. one who likes. natʰetʰ nimikʼ huyoʔčʼa kawa·yuʔ ʔamaʔ yow pa·kʰa yow haya·tiw čʼo·wʼotʰo Our father liked horses and also cattle and worked in the summertime. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -ʔ..a. Morph: consequent agentive nominative.

huyo·čʼun   v. will like. huyo·čʼun nihiʔ tʰaŋ I wil like it. underlying form: #huyo·čʼ -in. Morph: future.

huʔtʰutu/   n-theme. owl. nominative: huʔtʰutuʔ. Pl: huʔtʰutʰhat. Note: Related language Yawelmani huttuluʔ

huʔtʰutuʔ   n. owl. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taŋši huʔtʰutuʔ ʔan taŋta Then they heard an owl hooting. Note: There are several stories involving Owl. Cecile's version of The Man and the Owl is a good example: 1. yetʼ waṭʰačʼi kʰuhṭʼun ʔamaʔ ʔan yow yiwʼin ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ pʰaʔṭʰawtʰawši 2. ʔamaʔ tʰaški tʰuyinʼši ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taka·ši pʰata·wʼiw ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ hotʼo·ʔoniš 3. ʔamaʔ tʰihikʼ taŋši huʔtʰutuʔ ʔan taŋta 4. ʔamaʔ mukʼiš tʰa xa·yaxiy yiwʼenčʼi ʔan hawtin maʔan tʰašti ho·yihiy naʔan hutaw hoyhiya ʔamaʔ hiʔ tʰaxin ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ hiʔ tʼuyo·na ʔamaʔ makʼ tʰaŋ hiʔ tuyo·na taŋtʰuman 5. ʔamaʔ yiwʼe·ničʼ maxši ʔan tatpʰa ʔamaʔ yow sikʰtʰa ʔamaʔ tʰašti hoyo·ši 6. ʔamaʔ huʔtʰutuʔ pʰučši ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yow hoyo·ši ʔamaʔ yow hoyo·ši ʔamaʔ tʰaw huʔtʰutuʔ tʰaŋ pʰučši 7. ʔamaʔ ʔatit ʔattin tʰašti ʔamaʔ xo·ʔoxiʔ paʔṭʰawtin tʰašti ʔacʼew ʔankin ʔošto 8. ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yiwʼe·ničʼ ʔan tʼuyšu tʰawtʰaš tʰaŋ 9. ʔamaʔ ʔan yiwʼin tošši tʰaŋ yow wuy wittʰa tʰaŋ ʔamaʔ yow yetʼ tʰaxinšiya 10. ʔamaʔ yow hoyo·ši ʔamaʔ yow yetʼ yow tʰaxinši ʔamaʔ tʰaŋ yow tʼuyšu 11. ʔamaʔ han hiye·tʼit tʰa xa·xiy hiyam pʰawʼši wita 12. ʔamaʔ ʔan yiwʼin kʼamowittʰa yow tʰašti hoyoʔ 1. One waksachi man and his wife were fighting with one another. 2. And it got dark on them and they stayed overnight in a cave and they built a fire. 3. Then they heard an owl hooting. 4. Then the woman said to her husband: why don't you call them all the same way and and they will come and we can shoot them and eat them for supper. 5. The husband got his bow and his arrows then he called them all. 6. Then the owl answered him and he called again then the owl answered him again. 7. Then it sat down near the fighting onesʼ fire. 8. And her husband shot it. 9. Then his wife told him: do it again and another will come. 10. Again he called and again it came and again he shot it. 11. Then he was happy with that and said: that is enough now. 12. But his wife said no, call them again! 13. tʰaw mihiʔ tʰaŋ hoyoʔ šalʼalʼwitaw ʔam hiʔ tʰaxin 14. ʔam makʼ hiyamʼa še·šat to·yatyaš ʔoho·čʰinat hin xo·ʔoxiʔ tuy ʔamaʔ yow hiyamxaš 15. ʔamaʔ tʰašti yow hoyo·ši tʰašti yow tʰaxinši huʔtʰutuʔ 16. čʰan ʔačʼinʔiy xo·ʔotʰ yow tʰašti tʼuyšu 17. ʔamaʔ yow tʰaxnat 18. hiyam tʰihinʼ wɨxe·ʔat 19. hiyam ʔan tʼuyinši tʰatupʰ 20. hiyam ʔam pukʼetʰši ʔinšiš 21. ʔamaʔ pukʼpokʼ tʰaxinši ʔačʼew ʔamaʔ tʰasti šiwšiwši 22. ʔamaʔ sunsun tʰaŋ tʰanʔašiš ʔoštʰow ʔan wičʼetʰaw 23. ʔamaʔ tʰašti tʰa·ŋi witʔin tʰa·wiṭʰši 24. ʔamaʔ ʔan yiwʼna kʼačʼawaŋ ṭʰumši 25. ʔamaʔ yow tʰaxinši huʔtʰutuʔ šipešpiʔiy ʔamaʔ tʰasti kʼumuy šuxšu 13. If you call them in the morning, they will not come. 14. You and I have not eaten meat for a long time, won't we want some food for tomorrow? 15. Then he called again and again an owl came. 16. Soon they were near and he shot them all. 17. And they were coming again. 18. Already there were many. 19. He could not shoot his bow already. 20. It was not good being found already. 21. And finding them they owls came near and they scratched the couple. 22. Then they were prohibiting the couple from going, so he got a burning stick. 23. And he killed them with it right away. 24. Then he covered his wife with a basket. 25. The the owl came again and as a result of the scratching the couple were killed. underlying form: huʔtʰutu/ -ʔ. Morph: nominative case absolutive. Variant: huhtʰutu.

huʔtʰutʰhat   n. owls. underlying form: huʔtʰutu/ -hat. Morph: plural.

hu·mis/   v-theme. read. aorist: ho·misši. future: humsin. durative: homsat. durative aorist: homsaš. Variant: ho·miš.

hu··hu··wittʰa   v. making the sound huuhuu. ʔamaʔ witʔin hu··hu··wittʰa tʰa·nitʰ tʰaw hewtʰat And making the noise huuhuu walking away from there. underlying form: hu··/ -witi -tʰa. Morph: repetitive-witi-durative.